1,721,319 research outputs found
Inhabiting simultaneous lives: analysing process of reversibilization of mobility practices in Italy
No full textThis chapter aims to study some emerging mobility practices in Italy and the consequences they have had on the use and configuration of spaces. A growing number of people live their lives across a vast space consisting of work, family, and friendship networks, and are travelling longer distances, in shorter periods of time, than ever before. This paper addresses the hypothesis that those transformations are modifying the relationships between people and territory, allowing people to live simultaneous lives, and increasing relationships within multiple territories. I will use biographies of highly mobile people as a tool to describe this process. Describing and analysing their mobility behaviours allow to show how people try to “catch ubiquity and simultaneity” (Ascher in Cahiers internationaux de sociologie. PUF, Paris, p. 53, 2005) in their everyday lives, highlighting how far those practices have transformed the relation between people and territory and the spaces of mobility. The first results presented here consist on the identification of three territorial profiles based on the geography of personal relationships and revealing how this geography interacts with a general transformation of everyday urban rhythm in the construction of simultaneous lives
NUT-charged black holes in matter-coupled N=2, D=4 gauged supergravity
Full text linkUsing the results of arXiv:0804.0009, where all timelike supersymmetric backgrounds of N=2, D=4 matter-coupled supergravity with Fayet-Iliopoulos gauging were classified, we construct genuine nut-charged BPS black holes in AdS_4 with nonconstant moduli. The calculations are exemplified for the SU(1,1)/U(1) model with prepotential F=-iX^0X^1. The resulting supersymmetric black holes have a hyperbolic horizon and carry two electric, two magnetic and one nut charge, which are however not all independent, but are given in terms of three free parameters. We find that turning on a nut charge lifts the flat directions in the effective black hole potential, such that the horizon values of the scalars are completely fixed by the charges. We also oxidize the solutions to eleven dimensions, and find that they generalize the geometry found in hep-th/0105250 corresponding to membranes wrapping holomorphic curves in a Calabi-Yau five-fold. Finally, a class of nut-charged Nernst branes is constructed as well, but these have curvature singularities at the horizon
Tailoring adjuvant treatments for the individual patient with luminal breast cancer
No full textEstrogen Receptor-positive/HER-2 negative breast cancers represent a heterogeneous group of tumors. Luminal A and B tumor subtypes can be identified through immunohistochemical assessment of estrogen and progesterone receptor, Ki-67 and HER-2 status. Patients with high levels of expression of steroid hormone receptors and low proliferation (Luminal A) are commonly cured with endocrine therapy alone. Patients with doubtful endocrine responsiveness or with high proliferation index (Luminal B/Her-negative) require the addition of chemotherapy to the best endocrine therapy. Controversies still exist on the identification of those patients who do not benefit from chemotherapy. Tailored adjuvant treatments should be considered in the therapeutic algorithm of patients with luminal tumors
Lessons on responsiveness to adjuvant systemic therapies learned from the neoadjuvant setting
No full textAims: Recommended principles for the choice of therapies in operable breast cancer include the recognition of diverse subtypes of breast cancer and, based on genetic signature and immunohistochemistry, the identification of targets and related factors predictive of response. We review recent developments in the knowledge of established predictive factors in the neo-adjuvant setting. Methods and Results: Experimental and clinical studies have shown that the degree of expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) of the primary tumor defines distinct biological entities that require a differentiated approach to neoadjuvant treatment and clinical trial investigation. In particular, tumors that express high levels of both steroid hormone receptors in a majority of cells derive no or low benefit from preoperative chemotherapy, while the absence of expression of ER and PgR was significantly correlated with the probability of pathologic complete remission (pCR). It was also demonstrated that the pCR rate to primary chemotherapy is significantly lower in invasive lobular carcinoma, frequently characterized by a high expression of steroid hormone receptors, if compared with the ductal histotype. Direct or indirect measures of high cell proliferation (elevated Ki-67 labeling index and high grade) identified patients with tumors responsive to chemotherapy in the preoperative setting. These factors might therefore assist in the identification of patients who might benefit from chemotherapy, in particular those patients with endocrine responsiveness. HER2 overexpression or amplification represents a target for neoadjuvant treatment with the humanised monoclonal antibody against its extracellular domain, but is also a factor predictive of response to neoadjuvant systemic therapies. A statistically significant positive correlation between HER2 positivity and pCR rate in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy was recently shown. Conclusions: Results from studies in the neoadjuvant setting indicate that the use of factors predictive of response may permit a more effective application of therapies identifying patients likely to obtain substantial benefit from treatment
Muoversi in città. Accessibilità e mobilità nella metropoli contemporanea
No full textIl volume presenta i risultati di uno studio che analizza il modo in cui la localizzazione di aree residenziali, beni e servizi, combinata con il differente possesso di capitale di mobilità da parte dei residenti, ne influenzi gli stili di mobilità, l'accessibilità e il livello di inclusione sociale. La prima parte, teorica, descrive la relazione che esiste tra mobilità, accessibilità ed equità sociale; la seconda, empirica, analizza in termini interdisciplinari e comparati l'interazione tra localizzazione residenziale, stili di mobilità e accesso a beni e servizi nelle aree metropolitane di Bologna, Milano e Torin
La città: bisogni, desideri, diritti. Dimensioni spazio-temporali dell'esclusione urbana
No full textLa descrizione delle periferie e la loro localizzazione territoriale all’esterno o nel corpo delle città ha avuto considerazioni diverse nell’analisi sociologica – in relazione alle loro origini, ai cambiamenti e alle diverse localizzazioni in diretta relazione con il loro sviluppo nelle diverse società e in epoca diversa. Il volume ne offre una descrizione in relazione alle modalità di approccio dei diversi autori in diversi epoche e contesti urbani e in seguito formula un modello di analisi fondato sulle varie fonti della letteratura sociologica, così da giustificare e apprezzare diverse modalità di approccio e le descrizioni fornite, fondate su sicure basi conoscitive, tali da mostrarne la morfologia, le variabilità e le diverse funzion
Presentazione. Per una mobilità sostenibile
No full textIl contributo introduce il volume risultato di una ricerca Prin su accessibilità e mobilità svolta nelle aree metropolitane di Milano, Bologna e Torino. Viene sottolineato lo sprawl urbano come tendenza che ha portato a una maggiore mobilità e, di conseguenza, a un maggiore impatto ambientale e a un aumento del tempo dedicato agli spostamenti; una tendenza non sostenibile sotto tutti i punti di vista. Viene quindi evidenziata la necessità di un modello di sviluppo diverso rispetto a quello che ha favorito la suburbanizzazione; di quest'ultima viene peraltro ricostruita brevemente la storia, a partire dai suoi inizi negli Stati Uniti. Una mobilità sostenibile, pertanto, può solo passare da una lotta allo sprawl, in quanto questo rende di fatto inevitabile un massiccio ricorso all'automobile e pressochè impossibile un servizio capillare di trasporto pubblico
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
La Scuola Ecologica di Chicago: un classico ancora attuale
No full textNegli studi urbani, quando si parla di classici un posto certamente di rilievo è occupato dalla Scuola Ecologica di Chicago. L’approccio ecologico è forse quello dove “studioso” e “studiati” sono più vicini (a volte quasi indistinguibili), quello che dà più importanza al rapporto tra uomo e territorio, e a come l’individuo si lega ed è condizionato dall’ambiente in cui vive. Riguardo al modo di fare ricerca sottolinea la necessità di “sporcarsi le mani e i bordi dei pantaloni”, di andare cioè sul territorio studiato e rimanerci a lungo e ininterrottamente, “mescolandosi” alla gente che si studia per capirne i problemi da vicino.
Il mio contributo si snoda proprio attorno all’attualità di questa Scuola dal punto di vista teorico e metodologico, basandosi su materiale e spunti raccolti in un periodo come Visiting Research Scholar alla New York University. Anzitutto, vengono individuati alcuni autori che sembrano proseguire l’approccio ecologico negli ultimi anni: Elijah Anderson, Mario Small e Mitchell Duneier. Inoltre, sono presentati alcuni estratti di interviste svolte con prestigiosi sociologi statunitensi: Herbert Gans, Harvey Molotch, John Logan, Neil Brenner, Richard Alba e Ruth Horowitz. Attraverso queste interviste cerco di capire meglio l’eredità della Scuola di Chicago negli studi urbani statunitensi, nonchè se e come venga “applicato” oggi l’approccio ecologico nella ricerca empirica
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