1,721,004 research outputs found
The effects of glucocorticoid on the expression of gluconeogenic and lipogenic enzimes in a rodent model of Cushing’s Syndrome
No full textRole of glucocorticoids and AMPK in the regulation of lipogenesis and glycerogenesis in mesenteric adipose tissue
No full textThe effects of glucocorticoids on the expression of gluconeogenic and lipogenic enzymes in a rodent model of Cushing’s Syndrome
No full textThe role of AMP-activated protein kinase in the metabolic syndrome
No full textThemetabolic syndrome was initially described in the 1920s and includes abnormalities such as glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Although there is
controversy as towhether it is truly a syndrome per se, the collection of symptoms it represents iswell recognised as a prevalent and major cardiovascular risk factor. The past two decades have witnessed a striking increase in the number of people with the metabolic yndrome worldwide. This increase is mainly associated with the epidemic increase in obesity and diabetes. About 20 to 30% of adults inWestern countries are now clinically classified as obese. However, the molecular mechanisms of obesity and the metabolic syndrome
are as yet poorly understood. An increasing body of evidence has led to the hypothesis that themetabolic dysregulation of obesity and eventually the metabolic syndrome may involve AMP-activated protein
kinase (AMPK), and that its dysregulation may play a critical role in the development of the multiple diseases associated with the metabolic syndrome, thus offering a target for therapy. AMPK has been investigated in obese animalmodels and in geneticallymodified animals,with increasing evidence supporting a role for AMPK in insulin sensitivity, the control of food intake and liver metabolism. Data from humans are unfortunately limited, andmainly focused on the role of AMPK in obesity and insulin resistance in human skeletalmuscle.A possible relation between AMPK and obesity aswell as insulin resistance,and a beneficial role of AMPK activating drugs have been shown.We await future studies regarding the relevance of
the AMPK system and AMPK targeting drugs on human physiology and pathology
The effects of ghrelin on food intake and ampk activity require an intact cannabinoid system – interactions between ghrelin and the endocannabinoid systems
No full textThe ghrelin-cannabinoid axis: a novel pathway in the regulation of appetite and metabolism
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Changes in adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase as a mechanism of visceral obesity in Cushing's syndrome
Full text linkOBJECTIVE: Features of the metabolic syndrome such as central obesity with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia are typical signs of Cushing's syndrome and common side effects of prolonged glucocorticoid treatment. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulatory enzyme of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as appetite, is involved in the development of the deleterious metabolic effects of excess glucocorticoids, but no data are available in humans. In the current study, we demonstrate the effect of high glucocorticoid levels on AMPK activity of human adipose tissue samples from patients with Cushing's syndrome. METHODS: AMPK activity and mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism were assessed in visceral adipose tissue removed at abdominal surgery of 11 patients with Cushing's syndrome, nine sex-, age-, and weight-matched patients with adrenal incidentalomas, and in visceral adipose tissue from four patients with non-endocrine-related abdominal surgery. RESULTS: The patients with Cushing's syndrome exhibited a 70% lower AMPK activity in visceral adipose tissue as compared with both incidentalomas and control patients (P = 0.007 and P > 0.001, respectively). Downstream targets of AMPK fatty acid synthase and phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxykinase were up-regulated in patients with Cushing's syndrome. AMPK activity was inversely correlated with 0900 h serum cortisol and with urinary free cortisol. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that glucocorticoids inhibit AMPK activity in adipose tissue, suggesting a novel mechanism to explain the deposition of visceral adipose tissue and the consequent central obesity observed in patients with iatrogenic or endogenous Cushing's syndrome
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