1,721,052 research outputs found
"Uuarth thuo the hêlago gêst that barn an ira bôsma": towards a scholarly electronic edition of the 'Hêliand'
No full textThis contribution focuses on how the electronic medium can adequately convey the often disregarded differences amongst the witnesses of a ninth-century Old Saxon poem known as 'Heliand'. After dealing with the most relevant peculiarities of the manuscript tradition both from the linguistic and the cultural point of view, it will be shown that the inner 'mouvance' which characterizes this work can be better captured through a 'fluid edition'. In fact, such an edition will permit users to choose between visualizing only one text scenario or several. Technically, what is being built up is a hyper-textual environment and a hyper-textual way of using the electronic edition, based not on a static but on an interactive model
Beyond the borders: (in)stability of group dynamics and culture planning
No full textOver the past few years, group dynamics have received considerable attention within different theoretical frameworks, namely social science disciplines such as psychology, biology, anthropology and economics, as well as cultural studies. Recent studies in social psychology have shown that the notion of «entitativity» – i.e. «the perceived unity» rather than the group’s actual unity – is central for describing and understanding group dynamics. These same
studies have also revealed that «in-group entitativity» is associated with a higher level of identification, attribution of intentionality, and perceived security provided by the group itself. From the point of view of cultural studies, a question arises as to the possible role and contribution of cultural products – not only written texts of different kinds, but also figurative artworks – towards increasing in-group entitativity. In this paper the author argues that «culture planning», particularly by transforming «non-structured inventories
into structured repertoires» (Even-Zohar), turns out to be a «perceptual cue» of in-group entitativity. The outcomes of this research will cast new light on the cultural products themselves, allowing for an in-depth revisitation of traditional
interpretations
Scientific progress
No full textAbstract We deal with the problem of verisimilitude, a notion which, roughly
speaking, tries to capture how close a scientific theory is to the truth. Our starting
philosophical basis is Evandro Agazzi’s approach and his view on scientific objectivity
which relies on his particular meaning of ‘partial truth’. By following an
epistemological approach to the verisimilitude problem and adopting the semantic
view of theories, we develop our epistemological proposal about the comparative
evaluation of scientific theories and cognitive situations. Our proposal allows to
establish, in a qualitative way, in which sense a theory, or a cognitive situation, is
better (more verisimilar) than another
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Thought experiments, computer simulations, and real world experiments in scientific knowledge: a comparison
Full text linkThe purpose of this paper is to restate, in a more concise form and taking into account some articles subsequently appeared in the literature, the main point of a previous article regarding the relationship between real world experiments, computer simulations and (empirical) thought experiments. After distinguishing four main families of accounts which have emerged in the literature, it is argued that they, although each contains an element of truth, have failed to distinguish between real experiment, computer simulation and thought experiment. In fact, concerning the empirical intension of the respective concepts, it is a hopeless task to find a qualitative difference which
applies exclusively to thought experiments, computer simulations, or real experiments. For every particular characteristic of one of these notions there is a corresponding characteristic in the two others. However, from another point of view, there is between thought experiment and computer simulation on the one hand, and real experiment (or empirical knowledge) on the other, an epistemological-reflective difference which we must not overlook. Unlike computer simulations and thought experiments, real experiments always involve an ‘external’ or impersonal realisation, namely that of what I propose
to call an ‘experimental-technical machine’, always in causal-real interaction with the experimenter’s body.
1 Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to restate, in a more concise form and taking
into account some articles subsequently appeared in the literature, a point
made elsewhere (cf. Buzzoni 2016) regarding the relationship between real
world experiments (hereafter REs), computer simulations (hereafter CSs)
and (empirical) thought experiments (hereafter TEs). After distinguishing
four main families of accounts which have emerged in the literature, it is
argued that they, although each contains an element of truth, have failed
to distinguish between RE, CS and TE (Section 2). In the second part of
the paper, I shall briefly outline my own account on this topic. To avoid
comparisons that are insignificant or of little importance for the philosophy
of science, it will be convenient to compare TEs and CSs with real world
experiments (hereafter REs). To take the notion of RE as the basis of
comparison between CS and TE will enable us not only to better understand
the methodological similarities between CS, TE and RE, but also to find
a subtle but important distinction between CS and TE. I shall maintain
Models and Representations in Science, edited by Hans-Peter Grosshans.
Comptes Rendus de l’Acad ́emie Internationale de Philosophie des Sciences 3 (2025).
M. Buzzoni, Thought experiments, computer simulations, and real world experiments, pp. 1–17
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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