1,721,055 research outputs found
Plotino e l'ontologia : sostanza, assimilazione, bellezza
No full textI saggi qui raccolti contestualizzano la speculazione plotiniana nella precedente tradizione dei pensatori greci, analizzano alcuni aspetti attinenti all'ontologia (assimilazione della copia al modello, polemica anti-aristotelica sul concetto di sostanza) e mostrano come si è configurata la ricezione dell'opera plotiniana in Porfirio ed Eusebio. Conclude il volume un esame delle riflessioni di Plotino sul tema della bellezza e sull'influenza che hanno esercitato su Agostino e Schelling
Sullo Studio della poesia greca : I Greci e i Romani : Saggi storici e critici sull'antichità classica
No full text
LE MOLTE VERSIONI DELLA CONSEGUENZA LOGICA
Full text linkThis thesis is on the concept of logical consequence (LC) and it is divided into two parts. In the first one, I show that LC:
(1) was not important in eminent logicians (like Aristotle)
(2) has been described in several different ways (preservation of truth from premises to conclusion, formality, necessity of thought, following a rule, to transform what is a ground for the premises into a ground for the conclusion, ...) and by different methods (predication, natural language, formal language, per se entities, Theory of Types, Set-theory, derivation in a formal calculus, variation of the non-logical parts of the sentences, ...).
I explain how LC became one of the central notions of contemporary logic, why it was not important in many authors (in certain cases, until very recent years), which forms had the logics in which LC was not important, the many and important relations among LC and extra-logical (metaphysical, epistemological, pragmatic, ...) notions. It shows that we cannot simply take for granted that there is an intuitive concept of LC or even a natural concept of LC, since it has always been formulated and become understandable and important only in connection with non-logical notions and different scientific aims. The authors or the schools studied in this first section are: Aristotle, Descartes, Kant, Bolzano, Frege, the algebra of logic, the axiomatic study of mathematical theories, Brouwer, Gentzen, Tarski, Etchemendy and Prawitz.
In the second part of my thesis, I explore the seminal Tarski’s idea to consider LC as a closure operator and further developed by Łos, Suszko, Wójcicki, Czelakowski and the Barcelona Group. I define LC as a structural closure relation on the algebra of formulas, without taking into account its syntactical or semantic definition. I examine the philosophical ideas lying behind this conception and I explore different definitions (e.g., non-monotone consequence). Then I explore how we can define LC by a calculus (Hilbert-calculus and Natural Deduction Calculus) or by a semantic system (I consider predicative language too) and I explain the philosophical implications of these different points of view. In the last chapter I explore how we can define LC by matrices and the philosophical implication of this method. I study Lindenbaum matrices, Lindenbaum bundles, Lindenbaum-Tarski algebras and I investigate the relation among some properties of logical systems and Lindenbaum matrices
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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