239 research outputs found

    Étude de la mobilité électrophorétique des oligomères de chitosane et leur fractionnement par électrodialyse avec membrane d'ultrafiltration (EDUF)

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    Les deux objectifs principaux de ce projet étaient d’étudier la mobilité électrophorétique d’oligomères de chitosane et d’appliquer les résultats pour les séparer dans un système d’électrodialyse avec membrane d’ultrafiltration (EDUF). Le premier sous-objectif a été d’étudier les mobilités électrophorétiques de standards de D-glucosamine et d’oligomères de chitosane (dimère, trimère, tétramère, pentamère et hexamère) en milieu dilué dans différentes conditions de pH, de sels et de forces ioniques ajoutées. Une gamme de pH allant de 3 à 9 a été étudiée. Deux sels; NaCl et KCl, ont été utilisés aux valeurs de forces ioniques de 0.01, 0.05 et 0.1 mole/L. Les mêmes mesures ont été réalisées dans l’eau déionisée sans ajout de sel, représentant le milieu sans force ionique ajoutée. La mobilité électrophorétique diminuait avec l’augmentation du pH et de la force ionique. Les plus hautes valeurs de mobilité ont été enregistrées dans l’eau. Le dimère a été le plus mobile. À partir du degré de polymérisation (DP) de 3 correspondant au trimère, aucune différence n’a été enregistrée entre les mobilités des oligomères. Le deuxième sous-objectif a été d’étudier la mobilité électrophorétique d’un mélange typique d’oligomères de chitosane composé de dimère, trimère et tétramère. L’effet de la concentration sur la mobilité électrophorétique du mélange a été étudiée. Des valeurs de pH variant de 2 à 12 dans l’eau et dans du NaCl aux forces ioniques ajoutées de 0.01, 0.05 et 0.1 M ont été étudiées. Les plus hautes mobilités électrophorétiques ont été enregistrées dans l’eau sans ajout de sel aux pH 2 et 3 avec une valeur moyenne de 2.009 ± 0.105 x 10-6 m2/V.s. Aux pH 4, 5 et 6, la mobilité électrophorétique a été stable avec une moyenne de 1.225 ± 0.051 x 10-6 m2/V.s. En augmentant le pH, la mobilité des oligomères diminuait en raison de la déprotonation de la fonction amine. Suite à ces études fondamentales, le troisième sous-objectif a été d’étudier l’effet du seuil de coupure des membranes d’ultrafiltration (500, 1000, 5000, 10000 et 20000 Da) lors de la séparation des oligomères de chitosane et correspondant à un produit industriel. Le seuil de coupure de la membrane avait un effet significatif sur le taux d’électromigration de chaque oligomère, ainsi que sur la possibilité de les séparer. Après 4h de traitement, le taux d’électromigration du dimère a été le plus élevé avec des valeurs allant de 5.71 ± 0.95% avec une membrane 1000 Da jusqu’à 14.45 ± 1.43% avec une membrane de 20000 Da. Suite au troisième sous-objectif, une membrane d’ultrafiltration de 10000 Da a été sélectionnée pour la suite du projet. Ce choix a été basé sur le fait que cette membrane a montré une rétention du tetramère pendant deux heures de traitement et a laissé passer tous les oligomères par la suite. Le quatrième sous-objectif a été d’étudier l’effet du pH sur le taux d’électromigration des oligomères et la possibilité de leur séparation avec la membrane de 10000 Da. Le pH a eu un effet significatif sur le taux d’électromigration et la possibilité de séparation des oligomères. Après 4h de traitement, le taux d’électromigration du dimère a atteint des valeurs de 11.50 ± 4.33, 10.61 ± 0.21, 8.30 ± 0.0.34 et 5.52 ± 0.38% aux pH 4, 5, 6 et 7, respectivement. Le trimère a migré en même temps que le dimère mais avec des taux d’électromigration inférieurs. Le tétramère a migré uniquement après 3 et 4 h à pH 4 et 5, respectivement et n’a pas migré aux pH 6 et 7. Aux pH 8 et 9, aucune électromigration n’a été observée. Finalement, le cinquième sous-objectif a été d’étudier l’effet du champ électrique (2.5, 5 et 10 V/cm, correspondant aux différences de potentiel de 5, 10 et 20 V, respectivement) appliqué au système d’électrodialyse avec membrane d’ultrafiltration et des vitesses de circulation des solutions (2.77, 8.33 et 13.88 cm/s correspondant à 100, 300 et 500 mL/min) sur le taux d’électromigration et la séparation des oligomères. Le champ électrique a eu un effet significatif à la fois sur le taux d’électromigration des oligomères de chitosane et sur la possibilité de les séparer. À 2.5 V/cm, il a été possible d’obtenir une solution composée uniquement du dimère et du trimère après 2 h de traitement. Le dimère ayant un taux d’électromigration de 10.20 ± 3.04% et le trimère de 8.52 ± 1.66%. Avec des champs électriques de 5 et 10 V/cm, aucune séparation possible n’a été observée.The aim of this project was to study the electrophoretic mobility of chitosan oligomers and to apply the results to separate them in an electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane (EDUF) system. The first sub-objective was to study the electrophoretic mobilities of D-glucosamine and chitosan oligomers (dimer, trimer, tetramer, pentamer and hexamer) under various conditions of pH, salts and added ionic strengths. pH values from 3 to 9 and ionic strength of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 M of NaCl and KCl were studied. The same measurements were carried out in deionised water as a medium without any added ionic strength. Chitosan oligomer electrophoretic mobility decreased by increasing pH and ionic strength. The highest values were recorded in water followed by those in NaCl or KCl with an ionic strength of 0.01 M. The lowest values were recorded at an ionic strength of 0.05 and 0.1 M. The dimer was the most mobile oligomer followed by the monomer. No difference was observed between the mobilities of the oligomers with degree of polymerisation (DP) of 3 and more. The second sub-objective consisted to study the electrophoretic mobility of chitosan oligomer mixture composed by dimers, trimers and tetramers at different concentrations. pH values from 2 up to 12, added ionic strength of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 M of NaCl were studied. Electrophoretic mobility was also carried out in water as medium with zero added ionic strength. At a concentration of 3%, the chitosan oligomer mixture showed the highest electrophoretic mobility at pH 2 and 3 with an average value of 2.009 ± 0.105 x 10-6 m2/V.s. At pH 4, 5 and 6, the electrophoretic mobility was stable with an average value of 1.225 ± 0.051 x 10-6 m2/V.s. By increasing the pH, electrophoretic mobility decreased because of the deprotonation phenomenon of the amine group. By decreasing the concentration, the electrophoretic mobility decreased. Following these fundamental studies, the separation by an electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane (EDUF) system of a chitosan oligomer mixture was studied. The third sub-objective was to study the effect of ultrafiltration membrane molecular weight cut-offs on chitosan oligomers electromigration rates and kinetics. Five cellulose ester ultrafiltration membranes of 500, 1000, 5000, 10000 and 20000 Da MWCO were used. The membrane molecular weight cut-off had a significant effect on the electromigration rate of each chitosan oligomer, as well as on the possibility of their separation. The dimer showed the highest electromigration rates with average values which varied from 5.71 ± 0.95% up to 14.45 ± 1.43% with 1000 and 20000 Da MWCO UF-membranes, respectively. The effect of the processing time and the oligomers chain length was interpreted. Following this objective, an UF-membrane of 10000 Da MWCO was selected for the future objectives. The fourth sub-objective was to study the effect of the pH on the electromigration rate of the studied oligomers and their kinetics. pH 4 and solution flow velocity of 0.5 cm/s (300 mL/min) were used. pH had a significant effect on the electromigration rate of the oligomers and the possibility of their separation. After 4h of treatment, the dimer showed the highest electromigration rates with mean values of 11.50 ± 4.33, 10.61 ± 0.21, 8.30 ± 0.34 and 5.52 ± 0.38% at pH values of 4, 5, 6 and 7, respectively. Trimer electromigration rates were lower than that of the dimer. Between pH 4 and 7, it migrated with mean values of 8.52 ± 1.45 and 0.83 ± 0.43%, respectively. The effect of the processing time, electrophoretic mobility and oligomers chain length were interpreted. It was possible to obtain a fraction composed by the dimer and trimer at pH 4 and 5 until 2 and 3h, respectively. At pH 6, the tetramer did not migrate during the 4h of treatment. At pH 7, it was possible to obtain dimer pure fraction until 2h of treatment. No electromigration was observed at pH 8 and 9. In the fifth sub-objective, the effect of the applied external electric field (2.5, 5 and 10 V/cm, corresponding to an applied volatage of 5, 10 and 20 V, respectively) to the electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane (EDUF) system and solution flow velocity (2.77, 8.33 and 13.88 cm/s corresponding to flow rates of 100, 300 and 500 mL/min, respectively) on the electromigration rate and kinetics of the oligomers were studied. The solution flow velocity did not show any effect on the electromigration rate of the oligomers whereas the applied electric field strength had a significant effect on both electromigration rate and separation of the studied oligomers. At 2.5 V/cm, it was possible to obtain a solution composed only by the dimer and trimer until 2 h of treatment. Using and electric field strength of 2.5 V/cm, the dimer migrated with an average rate of 10.20 ± 3.04% and the trimer with an average value of 8.52 ± 1.66%. By increasing the electric field strength up to 5 and 10 V/cm (voltage of 10 and 20 V, respectively), there was no separation of the studied chitosan oligomers

    Author for Correspondence:

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    Grid computing is a relatively recent formulation of distributed computing, and although there are more formal definitions 1, we use the following one: Grid computing is a model of distributed computing that uses geographically and administratively disparate resources. In Grid computing, individual users can access computers and data transparently, without having to consider location, operating system, account administration, and other details. In Grid computing, the details are abstracted, and the resources are virtualized. 2 The Lattice Project is a Grid computing research project and production system. Among its aims are to unite heterogeneous computing resources into a computational Grid system, so that resources are uniformly usable and addressable. The Lattice Project is primarily composed of computing resources at the University of Maryland campus in College Park, though we are moving forward to include both other institutions as well as public computing resources. Thus, our Grid encompasses both dedicated resources, such as clusters, and non-dedicated resources that are volunteered, such as administrative desktops or possibly users “@home ” (at home), as with Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC

    S-heterocyclic carbene with a disilane backbone

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    PT: J; CR: AKASAKA T, 1999, ORG LETT, V1, P1509 AKASAKA T, 2000, J AM CHEM SOC, V122, P7134 ALCARAZO M, 2004, J AM CHEM SOC, V126, P13242 ALDER RW, 1999, CHEM COMMUN 0207, P241 ARDUENGO AJ, 1991, J AM CHEM SOC, V113, P361 ARDUENGO AJ, 1995, J AM CHEM SOC, V117, P11027 BAZINET P, 2003, J AM CHEM SOC, V123, P13314 BECKE AD, 1988, PHYS REV A, V38, P30989 BECKE AD, 1993, J CHEM PHYS, V98, P5648 BOURISSOU D, 2000, CHEM REV, V100, P39 DESPAGNETAYOUB E, 2004, J AM CHEM SOC, V126, P10198 DESPAGNETAYOUB E, 2005, ORGANOMETALLICS, V24, P338 ENDERS D, 2001, J ORGANOMET CHEM, V617 FABIAN J, 2000, J ORG CHEM, V65, P8940 FEKETE A, 2002, J ORGANOMET CHEM, V643, P278 FRANCL MM, 1982, J CHEM PHYS, V77, P3654 GRAHAM DC, 2005, J PHYS ORG CHEM, V18, P298 HAHN FE, 2000, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V39, P541 HAHN FE, 2000, ANGEW CHEM, V112, P551 HERRMANN WA, 2002, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V41, P1290 HERRMANN WA, 2002, ANGEW CHEM, V114, P1342 HILLIER AC, 2002, J ORGANOMET CHEM, V653, P69 HIRSCH A, 1993, CHEM BER, V126, P1061 HOZ T, 1993, CHEM SULFUR CONTAINI, P1 ISHITSUKA MO, 2004, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V45, P6321 JAFARPOUR L, 2001, ADV ORGANOMET CHEM, V46, P181 KRAHULIC KE, 2005, J AM CHEM SOC, V127, P4142 KYUSHIN S, 1994, CHEM LETT, P997 KYUSHIN S, 1996, J ORGANOMET CHEM, V521, P413 KYUSHIN S, 2000, CHEM LETT 0505, P494 LEE C, 1988, PHYS REV B, V37, P785 LIU MTH, 2003, J ORG CHEM, V68, P7471 MARTIN D, 2005, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V44, P1700 MARTIN D, 2005, ANGEW CHEM, V117, P1728 MATSUMOTO H, 2000, J ORGANOMET CHEM, V611, P52 MOSS RA, 1980, ACCOUNTS CHEM RES, V13, P58 MOSS RA, 1988, J AM CHEM SOC, V110, P4443 OTTO M, 2004, J AM CHEM SOC, V126, P1016 PERRY MC, 2003, TETRAHEDRON-ASYMMETR, V14, P951 PIETRO WJ, 1982, J AM CHEM SOC, V104, P5039 WAKAHARA T, 2002, J AM CHEM SOC, V124, P9465 WIBERG N, 2002, CHEM-EUR J, V8, P2730 WIN WW, 1994, J ORG CHEM, V59, P5817; NR: 43; TC: 1; J9: ANGEW CHEM INT ED; PG: 4; GA: 989STSource type: Electronic(1

    DÉVELOPPER LES LITTÉRATIES MULTIPLES – MULTILITTÉTARIES - AVEC LA LITTÉRATURE NUMÉRIQUE AU CÉGEP

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    Depuis la parution de l’article « Pedagogy of Multiliteracies » par le New London Group en 1996, plusieurs chercheurs, ainsi que des enseignants et professeurs, se sont intéressés au développement des « multilittératies » dans des contextes d’apprentissage. De plus, l’importance de la multimodalité dans plusieurs formes de communications met en évidence la nécessité de développer une littératie médiatique multimodale dans des contextes d’apprentissage (Lacelle et al., 2017; Lebrun et al., 2012). La littérature numérique offre un potentiel de développement d’une pensée critique concernant la technologie et les médias (Aarseth, 1997; Ensslin, 2014; Hayles, 2008; Simanowski et al., 2010). Le but de cet article est de démontrer les résultats d’une étude exploratoire menée dans un cégep anglophone où l’auteur a enseigné la littérature numérique à des étudiants. Durant cette étude, les étudiants ont également eu l’occasion de créer leurs propres récits en utilisant l’application numérique Twine. Ce qui ressort de l’analyse des données est la façon dont l’interprétation et la création des textes numériques et interactifs ont engendré une réflexion sur la technologie ainsi qu’une articulation de plusieurs littératies.Since the New London Group's "Pedagogy of Multiliteracies" was published in 1996, several researchers, as well as teachers and professors, have been interested in the development of multiliteracies in learning contexts. In addition, the importance of multimodality in several forms of communication highlight the need to develop multimodal media and critical literacy in learning contexts (Lebrun, Lacelle, & Boutin, 2012; 2017). To respond to this need, digital literature offers the potential for developing critical thinking about technology and media (Aarseth, 1997; Ensslin, 2014; Hayles, 2008; Simanowski et al., 2010). The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the results of an exploratory study conducted in an English-speaking CEGEP where the author taught digital literature to students. During this study, the students also had the opportunity to create their own digital narratives using the digital application, Twine. What emerges from the data analysis is how the interpretation and creation of digital and interactive texts engendered a reflection on technology, as well as an articulation of several literacies

    Prétraitement d'un isolat de protéines de lin par haute pression hydrostatique : impacts sur la structure protéique, l'hydrolyse enzymatique et les capacités antioxydantes des hydrolysats finaux

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    Les graines de lin sont des oléagineux largement cultivés au Canada. Cependant, les résidus générés suite au processus d’extraction de l’huile contiennent une importante quantité de protéines et peuvent être valorisées dans l’alimentation humaine en raison, principalement, de certaines fractions peptidiques possédant des propriétés bioactives. Dans le cadre de ce travail, l’influence des hautes pressions hydrostatiques (HPH) sur un isolat de protéines de lin a été étudiée concernant les modifications de la structure protéique, l’hydrolyse enzymatique ainsi que l’activité antioxydante des hydrolysats. Ainsi, des solutions protéiques de lin (1% m/v) ont été soumises à un traitement de HPH à 600 MPa pendant 5 et 20 minutes, à 20°C et comparés à des échantillons non-pressurisés. Deux traitements subséquents d’hydrolyse ont été effectués suite au traitement ou non de pressurisation : une première hydrolyse trypsique suivie d’une deuxième par la pronase. Dans un premier temps, la caractérisation de l’isolat protéique de lin pressurisé et non pressurisé a été réalisée par spectrofluorimétrie et par une analyse de la taille des particules afin d’étudier l’effet de la pressurisation sur les HPH la matrice protéique végétale. Par la suite, les hydrolysats protéiques ont été caractérisés par HPLC-MS et leur capacité antioxydante a été déterminée par ORAC. Les résultats ont démontré que le niveau de pressurisation et la durée du traitement ont un impact sur la structure protéique en induisant la dissociation des protéines, et la formation d’agrégats. Ceux-ci seraient occasionnés par la décompression ou créés durant l’entreposage des isolats. Suite à l’hydrolyse enzymatique des solutions protéiques pressurisées ou non par la trypsine seule et par la trypsine-pronase, les analyses chromatographiques ont révélé que la concentration de certains peptides a été modifiée lorsque la trypsine seule était utilisée après un traitement à HPH. Enfin, les HPH ont amélioré la capacité antioxydante des hydrolysats obtenus lors de l’hydrolyse trypsine-pronase comparativement au contrôle non-pressurisé.Flaxseed is an oilseed widely cultivated in Canada. However, residues generated after oil extraction contains large amount of proteins and then can be much-valued in human diet due to its bioactive peptide fractions. The influence of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on flaxseed protein isolate was studied especially in terms of protein structures, enzymatic hydrolysis and final hydrolysate antioxidant activity. Flaxseed protein solutions (1% w/v) were subjected first to 600 MPa HHP treatments during 5 and 20 minutes at 20°C and were compared to non-pressurized samples. Two subsequent hydrolysis treatments were performed on pressure or non-pressure treated samples: tryptic hydrolysis was carried out and another hydrolysis was performed using pronase on tryptic hydrolysates. Firstly, the characterization of treated and untreated flaxseed protein isolates was done by spectrofluorometric and particle size analyses. Thereafter, flaxseed hydrolysates were analyzed by HPLC-MS and antioxidant capacity by ORAC. These results demonstrated that the pressurizing level and duration had an impact on proteins structure, inducing the dissociation of protein leading subsequently to aggregates. These aggregates were formed by decompression or during further storage. After enzymatic hydrolysis of pressurized or non-pressurized samples by trypsin and trypsin-pronase, chromatographic analyses showed that HHP treatments modified the concentration of certain peptides of the tryptic hydrolysates only. Finally, HHP increases antioxidant capacity (ORAC) of final trysin-pronase hydrolysates when compared to a control

    La Fanfare STE Cecile (Ste. Cecilia’s Band) Photograph

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    Ste. Cecilia’s Band was founded in 1897 by the Dominican Lay Brother Aymon under the auspices of L’Association St Dominique. As a boys band, members were accepted from the ages of seven. The band produced many accomplished musicians who went to perform locally with the Dominican Band as well as pursuing professional music careers. In 1947, the band became the Montagnard Band. First row, L to R: Charles Dube, Victor Vaillancourt, Osias Gagnon, Josaphat Morin, Albert Christman, Elmo Tremblay, J. Dauphin, Eudene Bazinet. Second row, L to R: M. Cailler, Armand Poliquin, Charles Gagne, Lucien Lebel, Eustache N. Giguere (later Dr. Giguere), le Frere Aymond (founder), Herve Jacques, M. Firois, Eugene Poliquin, Dominique Fortier Third row, L to R: Albert Barriault, Fernand Despins, W. Belanger, J.B. Nadeau, Amedee Morel, Adrien Fournier, John Plourde.https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/franco-music-traditions/1013/thumbnail.jp

    Two Sides to a Drum: Duality in Trinidad Orisha Music and Culture

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    This dissertation presents an ethnographic and historical study of music and culture in the Yoruba-derived Trinidad Orisha religion in Trinidad and New York City. Its objectives are: (1) to provide description and documentation of Trinidad Orisha music, an understudied music genre in the African diaspora; (2) to shed light on the historical, cultural, and demographic factors contributing to the development of Trinidad Orisha music by its practitioners; and (3) to provide substance for meaningful comparisons between Trinidad Orisha music and other Yoruba-derived musics. Based on four years of fieldwork (2008-2012) in Trinidad and in Brooklyn, NY, the study explores Trinidad Orisha as a neo-African musical and religious practice at a crossroads of often oppositional transnational and postcolonial forces. The history of the religion includes criminalization, ridicule, and recent valorization as part of a middle class revival, and is emblematic of larger social and political transformations that have occurred since Trinidad\u27s independence and the development of New York as an essential locale within the Trinidadian diaspora. The analysis is based on data gathered from field recordings of Trinidad Orisha ceremonies; formal interviews and informal conversations with Trinidad Orisha musicians, priests and others; and the author\u27s own observations made while drumming during Trinidad Orisha rituals, including subjective insights into his experiences of the music, as both performer and listener. Musical performance is the main context for the practice of the Trinidad Orisha religion, and so the dissertation privileges music, and the experiences of musicians, as a central means of understanding the religion\u27s history and present. The thesis of the dissertation invokes the physicality of a Trinidad Orisha drum - double-sided and thus approachable from more than one angle - as a metaphor for a basic duality in a complex cultural practice that is simultaneously Yoruba and Trinidadian. The conception of duality in Trinidad Orisha music and culture also refers to the push and pull between preservation and innovation; marginalization and revivalism; diaspora and homeland. The dialogue between these various forces is at the heart of understanding Trinidad Orisha music and its contextualization among musics of the African diaspora

    Data used for the analysis of CoMeta program

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    The data used in the experiments reported in the paper doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121453 Due to the continuous updating of data on the NCBI website, we provide the data that we have used in our research. ### Taxonomy linked data: ### * taxdump.tar.gz - this file was downloaded on August 6, 2012 from ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/pub/taxonomy It includes 2 files: * nodes.dmp - represents taxonomy nodes * names.dmp - includes taxonomy names * gi_taxid_nucl.dmp.gz - this file was downloaded on December 19, 2012 from ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/pub/taxonomy. It contains two columns: the GenBank identifier (gi) and taxonomy identifier (taxid). ### Reference sequnces: ### nt.xx.tar - xx: from 00 to 12. Compressed data included reference sequences. These files was downloaded from ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast/db/. The update was Jul 27, 2012. ### Metagenomic sets: ### Each metagenomic set contains added tax number (taxid) by us. * facs_full.fa - contains 100,000 reads of an average 269 bp length. These reads were acquired from the FACS web site http://facs.scilifelab.se/, originally used by Stranneheim et al. [Str]. * facs_reduced.fa - FACS_full set after reduction, which contains 93,653 reads of an average 269 bp length. * carma.fa - contains 25,000 reads of an average 265 bp length. These reads were acquired from the WebCARMA web site http://wwww.cebitec.uni-bielefeld.de/webcarma.cebitec.uni-bielefeld.de/ and originally used by Gerlach and Stoye [GeSt]. * metaphyler.fa - contains 66,841 reads of a 300 bp length. It was originally used by Liu et al. [Liu] and contained 73,086 reads from which some had no information about their origin. * phylopythia.fa - contains 114,457 unique reads of an average 961 bp length. Originally this set was used by Patil et al. [Pat] and contained 124,941 reads from which some were repeated. MetaPhyler and PhyloPythia sets courtesy of Adam Bazinet, who used them in his paper [BaCu]. HiSeq and MiSeq datasets were downoladed from https://ccb.jhu.edu/software/kraken website. These data were originally used by Wood and Salzberg [WoSa]. ### References ### [GeSt] Gerlach W, Stoye J (2011) Taxonomic classification of metagenomic shotgun sequences with CARMA3. Nucleic acids research 39. [Str] Stranneheim H, Käller M, Allander T, Andersson B, Arvestad L, Lundeberg J (2010) Classification of DNA sequences using Bloom filters. Bioinformatics 26: 1595-1600. [Liu] Liu B, Gibbons T, Ghodsi M, Pop M (2010) MetaPhyler: Taxonomic profiling for metagenomic sequences. In: Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2010. pp. 95-100. [Pat] Patil KR, Haider P, Pope PB, Turnbaugh PJ, Morrison M, Scheffer T, McHardy AC (2011) Taxonomic metagenome sequence assignment with structured output models. Nature Methods 8: 191-192. [BaCu] Bazinet A, Cummings M (2012) A comparative evaluation of sequence classification programs. BMC Bioinformatics 13: 1-13. [WoSa] Wood DE, Salzberg SL: Kraken: ultrafast metagenomic sequence classification using exact alignments. Genome Biology 2014, 15:R46
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