1,720,964 research outputs found
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the metabolic syndrome
No full textAbstract
Negli ultimi 15 anni si è progressivamente affermato il concetto che vede nella steatosi epatica il momento iniziale di un danno epatico potenzialmente progressivo. La steatosi epatica nonalcolica (NAFLD) ha assunto quindi una notevole importanza, configurandosi come una via metabolica alla cirrosi ed al carcinoma epatocellulare. Altri agenti eziologici, in particolare il virus C dell’epatite, possono interagire con la malattia metabolica attraverso vie non interamente chiarite. Il diabete tipo 2, l’obesità e la dislipidemia rimangono i principali fattori di rischio della NAFLD, che viene ad essere considerata come l’espressione epatica della Sindrome Metabolica (SM). Una serie importante di studi ha messo in luce i rapporti tra NAFLD e SM, il rischio di malattia epatica associato alle varie condizioni che caratterizzano la SM, l’importanza dell’insulino resistenza come denominatore comune. Resta da chiarire il meccanismo di progressione del danno epatico dalla semplice steatosi alla steatoepatite ed infine alla cirrosi, e la ragione per la quale si giunge solo in alcuni casi alla malattia epatica terminale, in altri (la grande maggioranza) agli eventi cardiovascolari. L’epidemia di obesità e diabete del mondo occidentale prospetta un aumento significativo dei casi di malattia epatica su base metabolica per i prossimi anni. Progetti di prevenzione e di intervento basati sullo stile di vita divengono quindi particolarmente urgenti anche per quanto riguarda la epatopatia metabolica.
Riassunto
In the last 15 years evidence has been accumulating suggesting that hepatic steatosis may be the starting point for a progressive liver disease. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD) is now considered a metabolic pathway to advanced liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver disease of other etiology, namely hepatitis C virus, may interact with NAFLD, although the underlying mechanism(s) have not been fully elucidated. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and dyslipidemia are the principal factors associated with NAFLD, which is now considered the hepatic expression of Metabolic Syndrome (MS). Several studies have dealt with the relationship of NAFLD and MS, the risk of liver disease associated with the classical features of MS, the importance of insulin resistance as the common soil of different diseases. We still need to clarify the mechanism(s) responsible for liver disease progression from pure fatty liver, to steatohepatitis and to cirrhosis, and the reason(s) why only a few NAFLD cases progress to terminal liver failure while others (the majority) will have a cardiovascular outcome. The epidemics of obesity and diabetes of Western countries is expected to produce a significant increase of metabolic liver disease in the next years. Prevention and intervention programs based on lifestyle are therefore mandatory to reduce the burden of metabolic liver disease
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
NAFLD e cirrosi epatica
No full textLa NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease – Steatosi epatica non alcolica) è una condizione clinica di comune riscontro che comprende un ampio spettro di patologie epatiche che vanno dalla semplice steatosi, a prognosi generalmente benigna, a quadri più avanzati come la steatoepatite (NASH, Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis), caratterizzata da necroinfiammazione e fibrosi di vario grado, fino ad arrivare alla cirrosi criptogenetica ed al carcinoma epato-cellulare. Dal punto di vista anatomo-patologico, si caratterizza per una quadro simile alla steatosi alcol-indotta, ma si sviluppa in soggetti il cui consumo di alcol è nulla o molto modesto (il limite è arbitrariamente fissato a 20-30 g di alcol al giorno)
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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