1,721,208 research outputs found
Selective Migration Policy in the EU: Dream or Reality?
No full textSince the early 2000s, a new paradigm in labour migration policy has widespread in Europe and replaced 'zero-immigration' stances: "managed migration". This stresses the positive impact of certain types of migrants in economic, demographic and political terms. It entails that the states take an active role in designing migration policy, by selecting certain types of 'wanted' migrants (notably, high-skilled migrants) and restricting access to other types of less wanted migrants (notably, low skilled). Effectively managing migration means well selecting migrants.The EU action has embraced this paradigm, and in fact two directives concerning labour migrants have been adopted: the Blue Card Directive, for highly qualified workers, and the seasonal workers directive, for low skilled and temporary foreign workers.The hypothesis therefore is that there is convergence among member states in decoupling policies for labour migrants, by providing more open admission routes and more rights to highly skilled than to low skilled migrants. My question is i) whether this hypothesis is true and ii) whether competition for highly skilled prevails over national differences, or rather a spillover effect from a policy for one group to a policy for another group of migrants persists in MSs.I will answer these questions by building an 'openness migration policy index', drawing on existing literature (Cerna, Ruhs, Helbling), to analyse existing labour migration programmes. I build a graph that distinguishes between rights and admission and I locate policies for low- and high-skilled migrants in it. I present my preliminary results for 5 countries in different EU regions
Is there a competition for talent? : highly skilled migration policy in comparative perspective
No full textSince the early 2000s, a new paradigm in labour migration policy has widespread in Europe, replacing 'zero-immigration' stances: "managed migration". This stresses the positive impact of certain types of migrants in economic, demographic and social terms (Ruhs 2013, Duncan 2012, Chiswick 2011). The new approach entails that the states take an active role in designing labour migration policy, by facilitating the access to certain types of 'wanted' migrants (notably, high-skilled migrants - HS) and restricting access to other types of less wanted migrants (notably, low skilled - LS). Therefore, effectively managing migration means well selecting migrants.
A hypothesis that has been put forward in the literature is that, in designing migration policies, the states try to achieve different objectives, i.e. fostering competitiveness on the one hand and ensuring fair distribution and protecting the national identity on the other hand (Ruhs 2013, similarly Boswell 2007). If the first objective would lead to a very liberal migration policy, the second would require more restriction instead. To cope with these diverging demands, states trade off openness of the policy in terms of numbers (i.e. to what extent the access gate for migrants is open) against openness in terms of rights (i.e. to what extent migrants and natives are comparable). However, since HS migrants are expected to be welfare contributors and more incline to integrate, the trade-off is expected to be less apparent for HS migration policy compared to LS. At the same time, states are thought as competitors for the limited supply of HS foreign migrants, and therefore convergence towards attractive policy for highly qualified is expected.
So, the hypothesis is that there is convergence among member states in decoupling policies for labour migrants, by providing more open admission routes and more rights to HS than to LS migrants. My research question is i) whether this hypothesis is true and ii) whether competition for highly skilled prevails over national differences, or rather a spillover effect from a policy for one group to a policy for another group of migrants persists in MSs. I will answer these questions by building an 'openness migration policy index', drawing on existing literature (Cerna 2013, Ruhs 2012, Helbling et al. 2014), to analyse existing labour migration programmes.
By doing this, I will tackle the question of what does openness mean: on the numbers-side, which is the scope of talent, how general (e.g. education and or salary) or sectorally is defined, which role is reserved for young migrants, which relation talented migrants have with the EU labour force (they compete on equal foot or there is a priority check); on the rights-side, which is the involvement into the community that HS migrants are expected to have (e.g. accessibility to long-term residency and integration clauses).
I will present the data collected from 8 (IT, ES, FR, DE, UK, NT, SW, IR) countries in different EU regions and analysed through a principal component analysis, which allows to understand which dimensions prevail. I will measure the difference in terms of openness for HS ans LS and finally I will put forward some preliminary explanatory hypotheses
The Blue Card in the Context of EU Immigration Policy: A Comparison between Italy and Britain
No full textThe aim of the paper is to analyse the impact of the EU in labour migration policy. Ten years after a common migration policy was called for, the Blue Card Directive (2009) has been the first policy output in this area to be approved: it concerns the conditions of entry and residence of highly qualified third country nationals in EU countries and it is conceived as the European answer to the global competition for talents, in which the EU countries entered later than the US, Canada or Australia. However, the Directive has been quite unanimously considered a very disappointing answer, compared to the initial aspirations of the Commission, and the added value of the regional cooperation has been questioned (Peers 2009, Cerna 2010, Gumus 2010, van Riemsdijk 2012, Pascouau et al. 2013, Eisele 2013).
My aim is to analyse how competitive the Blue Card is as a tool for attracting qualified immigrants to the EU, and to do so I will compare high-skilled immigration policy in a country in which the Blue Card directive had a considerable effect on it, i.e. Italy, to a country that opted out of the Directive, still sharing the goal of attracting the 'best and the brightest', i.e. the UK. While member states that had already a policy to attract qualified migrants faced little potential benefit from this new entry route, member states that lacked such a policy, like Italy, had the most to gain. Moreover Italy, due to favourable political circumstances, has enacted the directive in a quite liberal fashion (Cerna 2013). On the contrary, the UK started earlier to divert its immigration policy in favour of the most qualified applicants (Spencer 2011). The literature has put forward some indices to compare highly skilled immigration policies (Lowell 2005, Cerna 2009); I will stem from them to design an index that measures the attractiveness of a policy both in terms of entry requirements and procedures, and in terms of entitlements granted to applicants and family members. The result of the comparison will be that, although Italy and the UK score equally in entry requirements and procedures, yet Italy scores considerably higher in terms of entitlements, and this is thanks to the Blue Card.
My contribution then supports the thesis (Roos 2014) that the added value of the regional cooperation in migration policy is the inclusion of rights rather than the expansion in numbers
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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