1,721,144 research outputs found
Forward production of charged pions with incident protons on nuclear targets at the CERN PS
No full textForward production of charged pions with incident \pi^\pm on nuclear targets measured at the CERN PS
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Measurements of forward proton production with incident protons and charged pions on nuclear targets at the CERN Proton Synchroton.
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Wolf feeding ecology in a multi-ungulate system – investigating the effect of individual predator traits and abundance of co-occurring species
Full text linkPredation patterns by large carnivores are influenced by a combination of physical, behavioural, and environmental factors. With the recolonization of these apex predators reaching vast parts of their former ranges, there is a need to better understand carnivores’ ecology and effect on prey populations in human dominated landscapes. Data on individual traits of large carnivores are difficult to retrieve and even more to associate with individual feeding behaviour. Alongside cluster checks of GPS-collared wolves, the growing field of faecal DNA-based diet analysis in combination with individual genotyping has the potential to increase the feasibility of large-scale analyses of food use related to individual predator traits. However, the validation of prey DNA detection protocols is still lagging behind the methodological advances.
In this thesis, the development and empirical validation of a molecular method for prey DNA detection was followed by the analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting feeding ecology of wolves (Canis lupus). The method used nanofluidic array technology and a set of 80 multiple species-specific markers to detect DNA of 17 target prey from wolf scats. Through controlled feeding experiments with captive wolves, we estimated method sensitivity and accordingly calibrated the thresholds to reliably define a positive prey detection. The application of this methodology to the Scandinavian wolf population revealed variability at the landscape level in the use of the two main prey species, moose (Alces alces) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), indicating a dietary response of wolves to changes in wild ungulates relative abundance. In addition, GPS-data showed how scavenging constituted only a minor proportion of wolves’ feeding behaviour, related to season and with moderate support to bear and human density. By taking advantage of the long-term wolf monitoring, we showed that wolf feeding patterns (i.e. prey use and extent of scavenging) were affected by social status, sex, and level of inbreeding. These innovative patterns underline the relevance of considering predator individual traits when studying carnivore feeding ecology.
The development and validation of our molecular method highlighted the overlooked relevance of assessing method sensitivity and including it in the evaluation of optimal thresholds for binary detection of prey species in predator scats. As the molecular method can be easily customized to different ecological settings, it may be further developed and applied to other areas and large carnivores. The knowledge gained in this study has the potential to help understanding the impact of recolonizing wolf populations on prey communities and inform the adaptive management of such predator and prey species living in a landscape highly managed by humans
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