1,721,005 research outputs found
Redo Tracheal Resection and Laryngotracheal Reconstruction for Recurrent Subglottic Cicatricial Stenosis
No full textA 19-year-old male was referred to the authors’ department from another hospital because of a tight recurrent subglottic stenosis following tracheal resection and reconstruction for subglottic post-intubation stenosis. Several rigid bronchoscopies had already been performed without any effective result. The patient presented with left vocal cord palsy, probably due to previous treatments.
On admission, a rigid bronchoscopy was attempted to dilate the stenosis by laser-assisted mechanical resection. Due to the extent and hardness of the lesion no effective dilation was obtained, preventing placement of a Dumon stent or Montgomery tube.
Following orotracheal intubation with a 5.0 mm tube, the patient underwent redo cervicotomy, as normal subplatysmal anatomy had been modified by previous surgical approaches, a tracheal stoma, and a severe inflammatory reaction. Dissection was carried out along the surface and border of the sternocleidomastoid muscles on either side. Initial dissection was carried up to the level of the cricoid cartilage; inferiorly, cutaneous and platysmal flaps were raised to the sternal notch. The medial margins of the sternohyoid muscles were identified and elevated laterally for a short distance, followed by the sternothyroid muscles. The anterior surface of the trachea was then dissected.
The thyroid was dissected away from the tracheal wall on either side; the substernal plane was bluntly dissected to maximize tracheal mobilization, but without the need for sternal or manubrium division. In the area of stenosis, dissection was kept very close to the scarred portion of the trachea to avoid damaging the recurrent laryngeal nerves. Circumferential dissection of the trachea was performed only at the level of the stenosis, and for no more than 1 to 2 cm above and below that level, to avoid injury to the blood supply that could result in subsequent tracheal necrosis and severe restenosis.
Once the tracheal stenosis was completely isolated, the anesthetist was asked to deflate the cuff on the endotracheal tube. A flexible endotracheal tube with its connectors and sterile anesthesia tubing were clipped into place at the level of the incision, and the proximal anesthesia tubes were passed through the drapes to the anesthetist. The trachea was then divided transversely. The distal trachea was intubated across the operative field, inflating the cuff just enough to obtain a seal. Dissection was completed in areas of difficult scarring until the proximal end of the area of stenosis was reached. Great care was taken proximally when approaching the cricoid cartilage with its severe inflammatory reaction.
Following complete excision of the stenotic tracheal tract, the patient’s neck was put in flexion with the chin approaching the upper sternum. An anastomosis with interrupted 4-0 PDS stitches was commenced with an initial suture posteriorly in the midline of the membranous wall, which passed from outside into the lumen, in either the upper or the lower segment of the trachea, and then from inside to outside in the opposite segment. Sutures were placed approximately 4 mm apart and 3 to 4 mm away from the cut edge of the trachea. When all posterior anastomotic sutures were placed, the endotracheal tube across the field was removed. The orotracheal tube was drawn into the field and positioned beyond the anastomosis, and a guiding catheter was then removed. The anterior defect was sutured. A leak test was performed.
A suction drain was placed in the pretracheal space, and strap muscles were sutured in the midline. The platysma was closed and the skin sutured with subcuticular stitches. Two heavy “guardian” sutures were placed to prevent excessive extension of the neck in the immediate postoperative period. This suture passed transversely through a generous bit of skin in the submental crease and then through the presternal skin. Postoperative flexible bronchscopy confirmed the full patency of the anastomosis.
The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful and he was discharged on postoperative day 14
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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