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Is transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation triggered by phasic contractions or tonic changes of the proximal stomach?
No full textEffect of prolonged gastric distension on motor function of LES and of proximal stomach
No full textGastric distension is a potent stimulus of transient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation. To investigate the time effect of prolonged gastric distension on the rate of transient LES relaxations, LES pressure, and the motor and sensory functions of the proximal stomach, we performed a continuous isobaric distension of the proximal stomach at the 75% threshold pressure for discomfort for 2 h in seven healthy subjects. A multilumen assembly incorporating a sleeve and an electronic barostat was used. The rate of transient LES relaxations (n/30 min) was constant during the first hour [4.1 ± 1.2 (0-30 min) and 5.4 ± 1.1 (30-60 min)] but markedly decreased (P < 0.05) in the second hour [2.1 ± 0.5 (60-90 min) and 2.3 ± 0.9 (90-120 min)], whereas LES pressure, baseline volume and volume waves within the gastric bag, hunger, and fullness did not change throughout the experiment. It is concluded that the rate of transient LES relaxations decreases with time during prolonged gastric distension, thus suggesting that this type of stimulus should not be used in sequential experimental conditions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Effect of loperamide on gastro-oesophageal reflux
No full textBackground: We have recently shown that morphine reduces gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) by stimulating opioid receptors. Our aim was therefore to investigate the effect of loperamide, a peripheral opioid agonist, on GOR. Methods: Nine patients with GOR disease underwent two ambulatory 24-h intra-oesophageal pH monitoring sessions separated by a period of at least 7 days under double-blind randomized conditions during the administration of placebo or loperamide solution p.o. (8 mg + 4 mg + 4 mg, 12 h and 2 h before, and 7 h after the start of the recording). Results: Twenty-four-hour oesophageal acid exposure and the number of reflux episodes/hour were similar under the two experimental conditions: a median (IQ range) of 6.2% (3.3%-11.0%) of the time at pH <4 and 2.6 (1.6-3.5)/h during placebo versus 8.8% (3.7%-14.8%) and 2.8 (2.3-4.9)/h during loperamide (P= ns). Acid clearance time was also similar: 1.8±0.3 min versus 1.6±0.2 min (P=ns). Conclusions: Loperamide did not decrease GOR, thus suggesting that an opioid agonist may not be useful in the treatment of GOR disease
The effect of steam on calcium looping: performance of an Italian limestone-based sorbent
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Rate of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations during prolonged gastric distension
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