329 research outputs found
Relationship between erosion resistance and the phase and chemical composition of PVD coatings deposited onto high-speed-steel
No full textThe influence of chemical composition of high-speed steels on the wear during cutting ad erosion tests
No full textThe paper presents the results of investigations of the 5% cobalt and 2% molybdenum additions in the W-Mo-V and W-V high-speed steels of the 9-2-2, 11-2-2 and 11-0-2 types with economically designed chemical composition on the wear mechanism during cutting and erosion tests. The 5% cobalt addition results in increasing the secondary hardness effect by 1.6 to 1.9 HRC, depending on a steel grade. Secondary hardness effect is caused by the dispersive carbides of the M4C3 type and martensite transformation of the retained austenite. The maximum secondary hardness effect about 66.3-67.6 HRC, depending on a grade of steel, occurs in each steel after tempering at 540oC and austenitizing at 1240oC. The 5% cobalt addition results in enhancing the working properties of tools, longer tool life and makes it possible to increase cutting speed by about 50%, compared with the steels of identical concentration of other alloying elements but without cobalt addition. Cobalt does not have any significant influence on erosion resistance, which is independent of the steel hardness but depends on molybdenum addition in steel
Cobalt effect on structure, cutting ability and erosion resistance of W-Mo-V high speed steels
No full textThe role of the state in creating voluntary retirement savings
No full textThis paper presents Polish solutions for voluntary individual and group retirement savings as a part of the entire pension system and the change in the system recently proposed by the state. It is evident that, facing deteriorating demographic situation, additional accumulation of pension capital becomes necessary. The article characterizes in detail the functioning of occupational pension schemes and individual retirement accounts, and presents some foreign solutions to this problem. It is emphasized that the role of the state is to create appropriate reliefs, exemptions and incentives for voluntary savings for future retirement benefits. The aforementioned project of changes in the legal regulations concerning the Polish pension system is also discussed, including the place of voluntary retirement savings sector. The article does not exhaust the large and controversial issue, outlined in its title, but rather contributes to further studies and discussion on the subject.Jan Adamiak: [email protected]żena Kołosowska: [email protected] Adamiak – Doctor of economic sciences, Department of Financial and Banking, WSB University in Toruń, Poland.Bożena Kołosowska – Professor of Finance companies, Department of Financial Management, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland.Jan Adamiak - WSB University in Toruń, PolandBożena Kołosowska - Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, PolanChybalski F. (2013), Dobrowolność przynależności do OFE a dywersyfikacja ryzyka w systemie emerytalnym w Polsce, [in:] F. Chybalski, E. Marcinkiewicz (eds.), Współczesne
zabezpieczenie emerytalne – wybrane aspekty ekonomiczne, finansowe i demograficzne, Politechnika Łódzka, Łódź.Indywidualne konta emerytalne oraz indywidualne konta zabezpieczenia emerytalnego w I półroczu 2016 roku, KNF [online], www.knf.gov.pl/Images/IKE_IKZE_06_2016_tcm75-48507.pdf (accessed 9.06.2017).Informacja dotycząca pracowniczych programów emerytalnych w 2016 r., KNF [online], www.knf.gov.pl/Images/informacja_PPE_2016_tcm75-49281.pdf (accessed 5.06.2017).Kawalec S., Błażuk K., Kurek M. (2015), Jak mobilizować dodatkowe oszczędności na emeryturę, Capital Strategy, Warszawa.Mikulec A. (2010), Porównanie efektywności systemów emerytalnych krajów UE i EFTA w 2005 i 2006 r., “Przegląd Statystyczny” Issue 2–3.Ministry of Labour and Social Policy [online], www.emerytura. gov.pl/system-emerytalny/reforma-systemu-1999 (accessed 5.06.2017).Ministry of Labour and Social Policy [online], www.mpips.gov.pl/ubezpieczenia-spoleczne/ubezpieczenie-emerytalne/ppe-limit/rok-2016 (accessed 3.06.2017).Ministry of Labour and Social Policy [online], www.mpips.gov.pl/ubezpieczenia-spoleczne/ubezpieczenie-emerytalne/indywidualne-konto-emerytalne/co-trzebawiedziec-o-ike (accessed 3.06.2017).Ministry of Labour and Social Policy [online], www.mpips.gov.pl/ubezpieczenia-spoleczne/ubezpieczenie-emerytalne/ikze/indywidualne-konto-zabezpieczenia-emerytalnego (accessed 3.06.2017).Pracownicze programy emerytalne w 2015 roku, KNF [online], www.knf.gov.pl/Images/RAPORT_PPE_2015_tcm75-47390.pdf (accessed 29.05.2017).Prognoza ludności na lata 2014-2050 (2014), Główny Urząd Statystyczny [online], www.stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/ludnosc/trwanie-zycia (accessed 11.06.2017).Reforma OFE od stycznia. 75 proc. aktywów trafi na konta w III filarze [online], www.serwisy.gazetaprawna.pl/emerytury-i-renty/artykuly/1047383,reforma-ofe-odstycznia-iii-filar.html (accessed 5.06.2017).Rutecka J. (2014), Dodatkowy system emerytalny w Polsce. Diagnoza i rekomendacja zmian, TEP, Warszawa [online], www.czelnia.sgh.waw.pl/pl/uczelnia/badania/grupy_badawcze/ppg/Documents/Raport-DSE-TEP_Rutecka-www.pdf (accessed 2.06.2017).Samoń D. (2012), Kiwi na emeryturze poleci wyżej niż orzełek, “Analiza FOR”, volume 27.Skłonność Polaków do dodatkowego oszczędzania na emeryturę – mit czy rzeczywistość? (2014), Report of TNS Polska [online], http://www.tnsglobal.pl/coslychac/files/2016/03/Sklonnosc-do-oszczedzania-na-emeryture-pdf (accessed 11.06.2017).Szwedo Ł. (2016), Ewolucja i struktura systemu emerytalnego w Szwecji a konstrukcja zabezpieczenia emerytalnego w Polsce, „Rozprawy Ubezpieczeniowe. Konsument na rynku usług finansowych” volume 21.World Population Ageing 2015 (2015), Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division, United Nations [online], www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/WPA2015_Report.pdf (accessed 11.06.2017).Wykowska J. (2014), III filar dla początkujących – poradnik przyszłego emeryta, KNF, Warszawa.Zmiany w powszechnym systemie emerytalnym [online], www.mpips.gov.pl/ubezpieczenia-spoleczne/zmiany-w-powszechnym-systemie-emerytalnym (accessed 5.06.2017).10152
Innate immunity orchestrates the mobilization and homing of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells by engaging purinergic signaling—an update
No full textBone marrow (BM) as an active hematopoietic organ is highly sensitive to changes in body microenvironments and responds to external physical stimuli from the surrounding environment. In particular, BM tissue responds to several cues related to infections, strenuous exercise, tissue/organ damage, circadian rhythms, and physical challenges such as irradiation. These multiple stimuli affect BM cells to a large degree through a coordinated response of the innate immunity network as an important guardian for maintaining homeostasis of the body. In this review, we will foc++us on the role of purinergic signaling and innate immunity in the trafficking of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) during their egression from the BM into peripheral blood (PB), as seen along pharmacological mobilization, and in the process of homing and subsequent engraftment into BM after hematopoietic transplantation. Innate immunity mediates these processes by engaging, in addition to certain peptide-based factors, other important non-peptide mediators, including bioactive phosphosphingolipids and extracellular nucleotides, as the main topic of this review. Elucidation of these mechanisms will allow development of more efficient stem cell mobilization protocols to harvest the required number of HSPCs for transplantation and to accelerate hematopoietic reconstitution in transplanted patients
The influence of chemical composition of coated and uncoated HSS using PVD on the wear mechanism during cutting and erosion tests
No full text
Historische Uberlegungen zur Bedeutung von Freundschaft, insbesondere im frühen Altkatholizismus des 19. Jahrhunderts
No full textThe history of 19th century Old Catholicism can be described as a history of networking whereby friendship played a key role. After giving a short survey of the historical development of the understanding of friendship since antiquity, the author offers two case studies; the first describes the understanding of friendship as a relation with humans and with God, as it was held by Sr. Augustine (Amalie von Lasaulx), a Sister of Charity of St Charles Borromeo in Bonn. The second case study deals with the correspondence of two protagonists within early Old Catholicism, Bishop Joseph Hubert Reinkens (Germany) and Bishop Eduard Herzog (Switzerland). The article considers the question how friendship is expressed in writings, rituals and exchange of gifts and how notions of equality, reciprocal support and gender play a role. Recent research has detected women as friends and shows how friendship in history has included male and female bonding
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