743 research outputs found
Condensation of lower alcohols
No full textThe same markets products can be obtained by condensing both lower alcohols and the corresponding aldehydes and ketones. However, in some cases the industry lacking in necessary carbonyl compounds has only low molecular alcohols. In this case condensation reaction, can be the main technical method for these alcohols processing. The obtained alcohols with double and triple carbon number are used for the production of plasticizers, superficially active substances, flotation agents, solvents and others
Studium disrupcí plazmatu v tokamaku COMPASS
No full textNázev: Studium disrupcí plazmatu v tokamaku COMPASS Autor: Ekaterina Matveeva Katedra: Katedra fyziky povrchů a plazmatu Vedoucí: RNDr. Milan Tichý, Dr.Sc., Univerzita Karlova, Katedra fyziky povrchů a plazmatu Abstrakt: Disrupce plazmatu v tokamaku jsou důležitým fyzikálním jevem, kdy dochází k náhlé ztrátě udržení plazmatu a k prudkému poklesu proudu v plazmatu. Během disrupcí dochází k výraznému mechanickému namáhání konstrukčních struktur tokamaku a k tepelnému zatížení první stěny. Přípustný počet disrupcí při maximálních parametrech plazmatu bude v tokamaku ITER (mezinárodní termonukleární experimentální reaktor ve výstavbě) velmi omezený. Vyšetřování disrupcí a jejich následků je proto klíčovým problémem pro udržitelný provoz zařízení typu tokamak. Tato práce se zaměřuje na studium fáze poklesu proudu a souvisejících proudů tekoucích ve vakuové komoře na tokamaku COMPASS. Byla shromážděna rozsáhlá databáze disrupcí a byly stanoveny kritické parametry disrupcí. Proud plazmatu byl měřen v 5 toroidálních polohách díky vylepšenému systému sběru dat, který umožnil spolehlivá měření magnetickými cívkami bez analogových integrátorů. Byly instalovány speciální divertorové desky, aby bylo možné...Title: Studies of plasma disruptions in the COMPASS tokamak Author: Ekaterina Matveeva Department: Department of Surface and Plasma Physics Supervisor: RNDr. Milan Tichý, Dr.Sc., Univerzita Karlova, Katedra fyziky povrchů a plazmatu Abstract: Plasma disruption in a tokamak is an important physical phenomenon, when there is a sudden loss of plasma confinement and rapid drop of plasma current. During the disruptions, there is significant mechanical stress on the construc- tional structures of the tokamak and thermal stress on the first wall. Allowable number of disruptions with the maximum plasma parameters in the ITER toka- mak (international thermonuclear experimental reactor under construction) will be very limited. Therefore, investigation of disruptions and their consequences is a key problem for sustainable operation of tokamak devices. The thesis focuses on studies of current quench phase and related currents flow- ing in the vacuum vessel at the COMPASS tokamak. An extensive disruption database was collected and critical disruptions' parameters were determined. Plasma current was measured at 5 toroidal position as a consequence of data acquisition system improvement that allowed reliable measurements by magnetic coils without analogue integrators. Special divertor tiles were installed in or- der to...Department of Surface and Plasma ScienceKatedra fyziky povrchů a plazmatuMatematicko-fyzikální fakultaFaculty of Mathematics and Physic
Studies of plasma disruptions in the COMPASS tokamak
No full textTitle: Studies of plasma disruptions in the COMPASS tokamak Author: Ekaterina Matveeva Department: Department of Surface and Plasma Physics Supervisor: RNDr. Milan Tichý, Dr.Sc., Univerzita Karlova, Katedra fyziky povrchů a plazmatu Abstract: Plasma disruption in a tokamak is an important physical phenomenon, when there is a sudden loss of plasma confinement and rapid drop of plasma current. During the disruptions, there is significant mechanical stress on the construc- tional structures of the tokamak and thermal stress on the first wall. Allowable number of disruptions with the maximum plasma parameters in the ITER toka- mak (international thermonuclear experimental reactor under construction) will be very limited. Therefore, investigation of disruptions and their consequences is a key problem for sustainable operation of tokamak devices. The thesis focuses on studies of current quench phase and related currents flow- ing in the vacuum vessel at the COMPASS tokamak. An extensive disruption database was collected and critical disruptions' parameters were determined. Plasma current was measured at 5 toroidal position as a consequence of data acquisition system improvement that allowed reliable measurements by magnetic coils without analogue integrators. Special divertor tiles were installed in or- der to..
Биографии русских писателей-классиков, созданные эмиграцией: опыт прочтения в смысловом пространстве общерусской культуры 1920-30-х годов
No full textВ статье рассматривается важная для эпохи 1920-30-х годов проблема написания литературных биографий, как она ставилась и решалась в литературе и критике русского зарубежья и Советской России. Биографии русских писателей-классиков рассматриваются в качестве особой формы сохранения национальной культуры, особой формы мышления об этой культуре, особой формы идеологической и философской полемики. На примере биографических текстов В. Ходасевича, К. Мочульского, Б. Зайцева, В. Набокова выделяются характерные черты биографий русских писателей-классиков,Abstract. The author of article considers a problem of a writing of literary biographies which was important for an epoch of 1920-30th years. This problem is studied on an example of the literature and the literary criticism of Russian abroad and the Soviet Russia. Biographies of Russian writers are considered as the form of preservation of national culture, as the reflexion about culture, as the form of ideological and philosophical polemic. Characteristic lines of literary biographies are studied on an example of biographies of the Russian writers created by V. Khodasevich,Matveeva Julia. Биографии русских писателей-классиков, созданные эмиграцией: опыт прочтения в смысловом пространстве общерусской культуры 1920-30-х годов. In: Modernités Russes, n°14, 2014. L’émigration et l’héritage classique. pp. 103-116
Reduction theory for singular symplectic manifolds and singular forms on moduli spaces
No full text© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND licenseThe investigation of symmetries of b-symplectic manifolds and folded-symplectic manifolds is well-understood when the group under consideration is a torus (see, for instance, [25,21, 28] for b-symplectic manifolds and [12,14] for folded symplec-tic manifolds). However, reduction theory has not been set in this realm in full generality. This is fundamental, among other reasons, to advance in the “quantization commutes with reduction” programme for these manifolds initiated in [29,30].The project that gave rise to these results received the support of a fellowship from “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434) under the INPHINIT 2018 program for excellence centers. The grant is attached to the retained excellence project Interactions between symmetries and singularities in Geometry and Physics supervised by Eva Miranda. The fellowship code is LCF/BQ/DI18/11660046. Anastasia Matveeva and Eva Miranda are partially supported by the Spanish State Research Agency, through the grant PID2019-103849GB-I00 of AEI /10.13039/501100011033Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline scaffold in drug discovery: Advances in synthesis and medicinal chemistry
No full textPyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline (PIq) is a nitrogen heterocyclic scaffold of diverse alkaloids endowed with several biological activities, including antiretroviral and antitumor activities. Several 5,6-dihydro-PIq (DHPIq) alkaloids, belonging to the lamellarins' family, have proved to be cytotoxic to tumor cells, as well as reversers of multidrug resistance. In this review, we provide an overview of the main achievements over the last decade in the synthetic approaches to access libraries of PIq compounds along with a survey, as comprehensive as possible, of bioactivity, mechanism of action, pharmacophore and structure-activity relationships of synthetic analogs of DHPIq-based alkaloids. The focus is mainly on the potential exploitation of the (DH)PIq scaffold in design and development of novel antitumor drugs
Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of rotamers in the series of 2-(fluoroaryl)-4-substituted pyrroles
No full textA mild, simple and efficient method for the synthesis of ortho, meta and para-fluoroaryl substituted pyrroles was discovered. It was found by NMR spectroscopy, that ortho-fluoroaryl substituted pyrroles exist in the form of inhibited conformational isomers (rotamers). Intramolecular interaction of the hydrogen atom of the pyrrole ring and the fluorine atom in the ortho-position of the aryl substituent leads to the appearance of two sets of signals in the 1H and 13C NMR spectra. Based on the combination of 2D HMBC and HSQC NMR spectroscopy, as well as temperature dependent NMR experiments in DMSO and CDCl3 we conclude that the ratio of obtained rotamers is permanent and does not depend from the temperature
The Challenges of Vaccine Development against Betacoronaviruses: Antibody Dependent Enhancement and Sendai Virus as a Possible Vaccine Vector
No full textAbstract: To design an effective and safe vaccine against betacoronaviruses, it is necessary to use their evolutionarily conservative antigenic determinants that will elicit the combination of strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Targeting such determinants minimizes the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection. This phenomenon was observed in animal trials of experimental vaccines against SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV that were developed based on inactivated coronavirus or vector constructs expressing the spike protein (S) of the virion. The substitution and glycosylation of certain amino acids in the antigenic determinants of the S-protein, as well as its conformational changes, can lead to the same effect in a new experimental vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Using more conservative structural and accessory viral proteins for the vaccine antigenic determinants will help to avoid this problem. This review outlines approaches for developing vaccines against the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that are based on non-pathogenic viral vectors. For efficient prevention of infections caused by respiratory pathogens the ability of the vaccine to stimulate mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract is important. Such a vaccine can be developed using non-pathogenic Sendai virus vector, since it can be administered intranasally and induce a mucosal immune response that strengthens the antiviral barrier in the respiratory tract and provides reliable protection against infection. © 2020, The Author(s)
Measuring the Energy of a Text
No full textThis article examines the issue of introducing the term “energy” into the practice of specific linguistic studies. It is argued that this concept is useful for comprehending the subjective modal content of a speech work. The traditional linguistic interpretation of speech impact is based on the functionalsemantic concept of the expressivity of language units conveying the speaker’s emotions and evaluations. With the development of text linguistics, a broader view of the content of speech works and of impact-ensuring tools has become relevant. The author puts forward the term “energy” as a concept which synthesises speech and text, including categories of movement (changes, dynamics) and volition (goal-setting) of the subject of speech and the category of expressivity (intentionality). This idea is proved with reference to the extrapolation of philosophical interpretations of the concept of energy. The author describes the functional-semantic content of the energy component of the text and its structure. In terms of expression, the category of energy is a functional-semantic field which is realised as a set of expressive and nonexpressive language means belonging to different levels and verbal techniques aimed at impact. A separate tool or technique like this can be termed energema. The composition of text energemas is defined on lexical-semantic, grammatical, and prosodic grounds. This article considers energemas of two energy subfields: movement and volition. The author poses the problem of the statistical interpretation of text energy, which is particularly important for comparative studies of this phenomenon. Referring to a comparison of speech works of different genres united by one theme, the author demonstrates the energetic difference between a lecture and an encyclopaedic article. She also establishes groups of speech tools, providing dynamism and volition instruments as opposed to the static and abstract character of the text. It is proved that the intensity of the energy text field is directly proportional to the impact the text makes on the addressee.Рассматривается проблема внедрения в практику конкретных лингвистических исследований термина «энергетика». Утверждается, что данное понятие целесообразно при осмыслении субъективно-модального содержания речевого произведения. Традиционная лингвистическая трактовка речевого воздействия опирается на функционально-семантическую концепцию экспрессивности языковых единиц, выражающих эмоции и оценки говорящего. С развитием лингвистики текста становится актуальным более широкий взгляд на воздействующее содержание речевого произведения и средства обеспечения воздействия. Автор предлагает термин «энергетика» как синтезирующее речетекстовое понятие, включающее в себя категории движения (изменения, динамики), волеизъявления (целеполагания) субъекта речи и экспрессивности (интенциональности). Этот тезис доказывается на основе экстраполяции философской трактовки понятия «энергия» в сферу текста. Показано функционально-семантическое наполнение текстового компонента энергетики и его структура. В плане выражения категория энергетики представляет собой функционально-семантическое поле, которое реализуется в виде совокупности экспрессивных и неэкспрессивных языковых средств различной уровневой принадлежности, а также речевых приемов, нацеленных на воздействие. Отдельное такое средство или прием может быть обозначено термином «энергема». Состав энергем текста определяется на лексико-семантическом, грамматическом, просодическом основаниях. В статье рассматриваются энергемы двух субполей энергетики: движения и волеизъявления. Автор ставит также проблему статистической интерпретации энергетики текста, особенно важной для сопоставительного исследования названного феномена. На материале сопоставления речевых произведений разного жанра на одну тему демонстрируется энергетическая разница лекции и энциклопедической статьи. Выявлены группы речевых средств, обеспечивающих динамизм и волевую оснащенность изложения в противовес статичности и абстрагированности текста. Доказывается, что плотность текстового поля энергетики прямо пропорциональна силе воздействия текста на адресата
Mechanical characteristics of a multilayer composite material
No full textМатвеева Мария Андреевна, аспирант кафедры общей металлургии, Южно-Уральский государственный университет, филиал в г. Златоусте. 456209, Челябинская обл., г. Златоуст, ул. Тургенева, 16. Тел.:
(3513)665829. E-mail: [email protected].
Аникеев Андрей Николаевич, аспирант кафедры общей металлургии, Южно-Уральский государственный университет, филиал в г. Златоусте. 456209, Челябинская обл., г. Златоуст, ул. Тургенева, 16. Тел.:
(3513)665829. E-mail: [email protected].
Чуманов Илья Валерьевич, доктор технических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой общей металлургии, Южно-Уральский государственный университет, филиал в г. Златоусте. 456209, Челябинская
обл., г. Златоуст, ул. Тургенева, 16. Тел.: (3513)665829. E-mail: [email protected]. M.A. Matveeva, South Ural State University, Zlatoust Branch, Zlatoust, Chelyabinsk region,
Russian Federation, [email protected],
A.N. Anikeev, South Ural State University, Zlatoust Branch, Zlatoust, Chelyabinsk region,
Russian Federation, [email protected],
I.V. Chumanov, South Ural State University, Zlatoust Branch, Zlatoust, Chelyabinsk region, Russian Federation, [email protected]Описаны технологические параметры получения композиционного материала с многослойной структурой методом электрошлакового переплава с введением углеродсодержащего
компонента. Приведены данные механических испытаний многослойной литой композиции.
Проанализированы механические свойства материала. The technological parameters of production of a composite material with a multilayer structure
by electro-slag remelting with the introduction of the carbon component are described. The data of
mechanical tests of multilayer cast composition are presented. Mechanical properties of the material are analyze
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