84 research outputs found
doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00119-7
No full textAbstract Time changes in electrical resistivity were observed before the 1986 eruption of Izu^Oshima volcano, Japan. The aim of this paper is to try to interpret these observed changes in terms of the evolution of a conducting body that simulates the ascending magma by finite difference numerical modeling. Before the time changes were examined, it had been shown that the present numerical model well reproduces the spatial characteristics of the observed apparent resistivities. After some trials involving forward calculation, the time changes, observed during a few months before the eruption, were found to correspond to the formation of a small magma reservoir several hundred meters below the summit. The volume of this reservoir was estimated to be 5U10 6 m 3 , which is in good agreement with the volume of magma drained back from the conduit after the eruption, as estimated from repeated gravity surveys. By comparing the modeling results and observations, the mean ascending velocity of the magma head was estimated to be about 100 m per month during the ten months before the eruption.
Difficulty of statistical evaluation of an earthquake prediction method - Reply
No full textSeveral remarks of Utada [1996] are in agreement with the points discussed by Varotsos et al. [1996a]. Simple examples show that Mulargia and Gasperini’s [1992] main conclusion (i.e., that ‘’VAN predictions can be ascribed to chance”) is not due to ‘’ambiguities” of the VAN method, but to obvious mistakes in their calculation. These mistakes are also responsible for the paradox we revealed in the Appendix of Varotsos er al. [1996a]. The paradox (i.e., if we apply the procedure of Mulargia and Gasperini [1992], we ‘’conclude” that the results of an Ideally Perfect Earthquake Prediction Method, IPEPM, can be ascribed to chance) vanishes after correcting some of their mistakes
Sedimentary Petrology of DSDP Cores from Sites 362 and 363, the Walvis Ridge, and Site 364, the Angola Basin, Drilled on Leg 40
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Effectiveness of waste management endeavours managed by The Association for the Collection and Distribution of Recyclable Waste in Vingunguti in Ilala Municipal, Dar Es Salaam
No full textAfrica is currently undergoing rapid change. In most Africa countries a major population redistribution process is occurring as a result of rapid urbanization at the time when the economic performance of these countries is generally poor. Besieged by a plethora of problems, urban authorities are generally seen as incapable of dealing with the problems of rapid urbanization. One major area in which urban authorities appear to have failed to fulfill their duties is in waste management.
All African countries have Laws requiring urban authorities to manage waste. Yet, in most urban areas only fraction of waste generated daily is collected and safely disposed of by authorities. Collection of solid waste is usually confined to the city centre and high-income neighborhoods, and even there the service is usually irregular. Most parts of the city never benefit from public solid waste disposal.
Only a tiny fraction of urban households or firms are connected to a sewer network or to local septic tanks, and even for these households and firms, emptying or treatment services hardly exist. Industrial waste is usually disposed of, untreated, into the environment.
This report looks at whole the problems and opportunities of collection and recyclable of waste management in Dar es Salaam through community groups, private waste collectors, scavengers and institutions connected with waste management.
Therefore, the association for the collection and distribution of recyclable waste (UTADA) which is a community based organization. UTADA has started composing organic wastes as means of improving community environmental condition and generating income through recyclable solid waste.
In terms of appropriate roles of CBOs and Local authorities the research provides evidence that communities are more than willing to provide for themselves urban service like waste management which Local Authorities are unable to do so, also in providing advice, training and credit to these CBOs is very important. While the resource of local authorities are best employed in regulating, coordinating and advising CBO and NGO efforts in the provision of urban service like waste management.
This study has also demonstrated the importance of preparing training manual for association in order to facilitate them on improve the health and well being of participants who live and work in dump areas. (Author abstract)Ngonyani, Z. P. (2005). Effectiveness of waste management endeavours managed by The Association for the Collection and Distribution of Recyclable Waste in Vingunguti in Ilala Municipal, Dar Es Salaam. Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.eduMaster of Science (M.S.)School of Community Economic Developmen
Temporal variation in the resistivity structure of the first Nakadake crater, Aso volcano, Japan, during the magmatic eruptions from November 2014 to May 2015, as inferred by the ACTIVE electromagnetic monitoring system
No full text阿蘇山マグマ噴火に伴う地下熱水系時間変化の可視化に成功. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2018-08-23.During the last magmatic eruption period of Aso volcano (November 2014 to May 2015), a controlled-source electromagnetic volcano monitoring experiment (ACTIVE) was conducted. Here, we interpret the temporal variations in the electromagnetic responses. The ACTIVE system installed at the first Nakadake crater, the only active crater of Aso, consisted of a transmitter located northwest of the crater and four (before the eruptions) or three (after the eruptions) vertical induction coil receiver stations. The ACTIVE system succeeded in detecting temporal variations in the resistivity structure during the latest magmatic eruption period. The response amplitude started to increase in November 2014, peaked in February 2015, and decreased slightly in August 2015. An unstructured tetrahedral finite element three-dimensional inversion that accounted for topographic effects was used to interpret temporal variations in the ACTIVE response. The 3-D inversion results revealed that temporal variations in the ACTIVE response are attributed mainly to (1) a broad increase in resistivity at elevations from 750 to 850 m, not only directly beneath the crater bottom but also outside the crater, and (2) a thin layer of decrease in resistivity at the elevation of ~ 1000 m on the western side of the crater. The increase in resistivity can be ascribed to a decrease in the amount of conductive groundwater in the upper part of an aquifer located below the elevation of 800 m, while the decrease in resistivity implies that enhanced fluid temperature and pressure changed the subsurface hydrothermal system and formed a temporal fluid reservoir at the shallow level during the magmatic eruption period
Age effects on radiation response: summary of a recent symposium and future perspectives
No full textOne of the principal uncertainties when estimating population risk of late effects from epidemiological data is that few radiation-exposed cohorts have been followed up to extinction. Therefore, the relative risk model has often been used to estimate radiation-associated risk and to extrapolate risk to the end of life. Epidemiological studies provide evidence that children are generally at higher risk of cancer induction than adults for a given radiation dose. However, the strength of evidence varies by cancer site and questions remain about site-specific age at exposure patterns. For solid cancers, there is a large body of evidence that excess relative risk (ERR) diminishes with increasing age at exposure. This pattern of risk is observed in the Life Span Study (LSS) as well as in other radiation-exposed populations for overall solid cancer incidence and mortality and for most site-specific solid cancers. However, there are some disparities by endpoint in the degree of variation of ERR with exposure age, with some sites (e.g., colon, lung) in the LSS incidence data showing no variation, or even increasing ERR with increasing age at exposure. The pattern of variation of excess absolute risk (EAR) with age at exposure is often similar, with EAR for solid cancers or solid cancer mortality decreasing with increasing age at exposure in the LSS. We shall review the human data from the Japanese LSS cohort, and a variety of other epidemiological data sets, including a review of types of medical diagnostic exposures, also some radiobiological animal data, all bearing on the issue of variations of radiation late-effects risk with age at exposure and with attained age. The paper includes a summary of several oral presentations given in a Symposium on “Age effects on radiation response” as part of the 67th Annual Meeting of the Radiation Research Society, held virtually on 3–6 October 2021
Relationship quality, well-being and, externalizing problems : The prospective importance of behavior profiles among young women who experienced care in special residential homes
No full textThis study examined the adjustment of a sample of adolescent girls and young women (N = 228) who were in compulsory care in Sweden between 1999 and 2000. Using person-oriented analyses, participants’ responses to the Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis Instrument (Friedman & Utada, 1989; ADAD) at intake yielded five externalizing problem configurations. The main analyses focused on examining whether problem configuration at intake was important to participants’ adjustment at a four-year follow-up. Overall, results indicated that problem configuration can be important to later adjustment (less life satisfaction, more drug use, and problems controlling violent behavior), particularly if the problem configuration involves multiple problems at elevated levels and/or drug use. The implications of the study results are discussed in light of efforts to improve the tailoring of care and treatment for diverse youth who experience multiple problems
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