761 research outputs found
supplement_EFA_3.4 – Supplemental material for Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the German Version of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for <i>DSM-5</i>
No full textSupplemental material, supplement_EFA_3.4 for Psychometric Properties and Factor
Structure of the German Version of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for
DSM-5 by Meike Müller-Engelmann, Ulrich Schnyder,
Clara Dittmann, Kathlen Priebe, Martin Bohus, Janine Thome, Thomas Fydrich,
Monique C. Pfaltz and Regina Steil in Assessment</p
Laboratory-scale near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy with a laser-induced plasma source
No full textWhen decisions should be shared: a study of social norms in medical decision making using a factorial survey approach
No full textMüller-Engelmann M, Donner-Banzhoff N, Keller H, et al. When Decisions Should Be Shared: A Study of Social Norms in Medical Decision Making Using a Factorial Survey Approach. Medical Decision Making. 2013;33(1):37-47
Determinants of Household Vulnerability in Networks with Formal Insurance and Informal Risk-Sharing
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschafthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347 Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschun
The patient-physician relationship in different treatment situations. Chances and limits of shared decision making.
No full textDa die Gestaltung der Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung den Behandlungserfolg wesentlich mit be-stimmt, stellt sich die Frage, wie medizinische Entscheidungen getroffen werden sollten. Im Wesentlichen lassen sich drei Formen der medizinischen Entscheidungsfindung voneinander abgrenzen: die gemeinsame Entscheidungsfindung („shared decision making“ (SDM)), die ärztliche Entscheidung und die informierte Patientenentscheidung. Die gemeinsame Entschei-dungsfindung wird dabei in der Medizinethik häufig als Ideal betrachtet, da sie gewährleistet, dass die Meinung des Patienten ausreichend berücksichtigt wird. Es wurden vielfältige positi-ve Effekte einer gemeinsamen Entscheidungsfindung nachgewiesen, dennoch ist SDM in der medizinischen Alltagsversorgung bisher noch nicht breit implementiert. Fraglich ist, ob SDM überhaupt für alle Behandlungssituationen geeignet ist, oder ob Grenzen einer gemeinsamen Entscheidungsfindung definiert werden sollten, wie dies theoretische Modelle nahe legen.
Die vorliegende Dissertation hatte das Ziel, soziale Normen bezüglich der medizinischen Ent-scheidungsfindung in verschiedenen Behandlungssituationen durch die Befragung von Mit-gliedern unterschiedlicher Interessengruppen systematisch zu untersuchen.
In einem ersten Schritt wurden dazu qualitative Interviews mit Patienten, Ärzten und Experten des Gesundheitssystems geführt. In diesen Interviews wurden insgesamt 19 Faktoren identifi-ziert, die nach Ansicht von mindestens fünf befragten Personen einen Einfluss auf die Gestal-tung des medizinischen Entscheidungsfindungsprozesses haben sollten. Basierend auf den identifizierten Faktoren wurde im nächsten Schritt ein faktorieller Survey entwickelt. Dieser besteht aus den Beschreibungen verschiedener Behandlungssituationen, für die sieben rele-vante situative Merkmalen miteinander kombiniert wurden (der Anlass des Arztbesuchs, der Zeitpunkt negativer Konsequenzen, die verbleibende Zeit bis zum erforderlichen Behand-lungsbeginn, die Anzahl der Therapiemöglichkeiten, die Existenz von Nebenwirkungen, das Vorliegen wissenschaftlicher Belege für die Wirksamkeit der Behandlung sowie der Beteili-gungswunsch des Patienten). Mit dem faktoriellen Survey wurden im Rahmen einer größeren quantitativen Studie Allgemeinmediziner, Patienten und Mitglieder von Selbsthilfegruppen befragt. Diese wurden gebeten die ihnen vorgelegten Situationsbeschreibungen bezüglich der Frage, in welcher Form jeweils über die Behandlung entschieden werden sollte, einzuschät-zen. Die statistische Auswertung ergab, dass in den meisten Situationen eine gemeinsame Entscheidungsfindung als angemessen betrachtet wurde. Darüber hinaus zeigte sich, dass alle sieben untersuchten situativen Faktoren einen signifikanten Einfluss darauf haben, wie medi-zinische Entscheidungen getroffen werden sollten. Als besonders wichtig wurde hierbei be-wertet, den Beteiligungswunsch des jeweiligen Patienten zu berücksichtigen. Die stärkste Auswirkung auf die Beurteilung der Fallgeschichten hatte jedoch der persönliche Beteili-gungswunsch der Befragten im Falle einer eigenen Erkrankung.
Basierend auf den durchgeführten Studien wurden Situationen beschrieben, in denen SDM als besonders wichtig angesehen wurde, und solche, in denen die Entscheidung nach Ansicht der Befragten am ehesten dem Arzt oder am ehesten dem Patienten überlassen werden könnte. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studien sollen Ärzten ermöglichen, die Gestaltung der Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung den situativen Erfordernissen anzupassen. Darüber hinaus zeigen sie, wann eine patientenorientierte medizinische Versorgung als besonders wichtig zu betrachten ist, was vor allem vor dem Hintergrund vielfältiger Barrieren, die einer breiten Umsetzung einer gemeinsamen Entscheidungsfindung bisher im Weg stehen, relevant ist.Shared decision making (SDM) has to be distinguished from paternalistic decision making and informed patient choice. In bioethics SDM is often advocated as an ideal for medical decision making. However, up to now there has been no systematic investigation in which treatment situations SDM is suitable. This dissertation addresses this question by investigating social norms on the appropriateness of SDM in different situations.
Using a problem-centered focus in a first step, qualitative expert interviews with patients, general practitioners and professionals in health administration and research were conducted. Based on these interviews, in a second step, a factorial survey consisting of 7 factors (e.g. the reason for consultation) with 2-3 levels (e.g. one reasonable option vs. more than one option) was constructed. In total 101 family physicians, 115 patients and 113 members of self-help groups participated in the factorial survey study.
This dissertation reveals that there is a general desire for SDM from a normative point of view. Findings allow for definition of situations where SDM is especially important. Furthermore, results show that norms in medical decision making are highly influenced by personal preferences
Laser microdissection of small tissue samples - Application to chronic pancreatitis tissues
No full textLaser microdissection is considered to be the gold standard of tissue sampling, especially if a defined small tissue area consisting of single or few cells within a heterogeneous tissue compartment is of interest. This sophisticated technique offers the opportunity of rapid and contamination-free tissue sampling for RNA- or DNA-based molecular genetic studies. We have applied laser microdissection to a molecular genetic study of pancreatic intraductal lesions (PanINs) in tissues of chronic pancreatitis, where an exact microdissection of small ducts within a dense fibrous tissue is of paramount importance for following analysis. From nine patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens were laser microdissected, and a total of 202 normal ducts and PanINs of grade PanIN-1A to grade PanIN-2 were harvested. After whole genome amplification by improved primer extension and preamplification PCR (I-PEP-PCR), microsatellite-PCR based loss of heterozygosity analysis (LOH) of the tumor suppressor gene loci TP53, p16INK4, and DPC4 was performed. One of 85 informative duct lesions (1.2%) had LOH of TP53, I of 76 duct lesions (1.3%) had LOH of DPC4, and 2/29 duct lesions (6.9%) showed LOH of p16INK4. Microsatellite instability (MSI) was seen in 2 of 178 duct lesions (1.1%). Immunohistochemical staining of p53 protein and DPC4 protein revealed no aberrant expression. These preliminary data indicate that LOH of tumor suppressor genes, important in pancreatic cancer genesis or MSI, can be found in chronic pancreatitis tissues, but their incidence is low
Situations- und Potenzialanalyse Handwerk in Hamburg - Kurzfassung
No full textDas Handwerk stellt einen wichtigen Bestandteil der Hamburger Wirtschaft dar. Um die Stärken und Schwächen einerseits und Chancen und Potenziale andererseits für die zukünftige Entwicklung des Handwerks in der Hansestadt zu erkennen und daraus konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für Betriebe, Handwerksorganisation und das Land Hamburg abzuleiten, haben die Wirtschaftsbehörde Hamburg und die Handwerkskammer Hamburg eine Studie 'Situations- und Potenzialanalyse Handwerk in Hamburg' beim ifh Göttingen und beim CIMA Institut für Regionalwirtschaft Hannover in Auftrag gegeben. Diese Kurzfassung fasst die wichtigsten Ergebnisse dieser 'Situations- und Potenzialanalyse Handwerk in Hamburg' zusammen
Emancipation in the net : theatre spectators and the "agency" of network
No full textIn a lecture given during the 49th Counterpoint Review of Small Theatrical Forms in Szczecin, Meike Wagner focuses on the emancipation of the theater viewer and the “agency of the Web.” The author's point of departure are some of Jacques Rancière's theses concerning the viewer as a “storyteller” and a “translator,” as well as a theory of the Internet by Bruno Latour. Using these concepts, Wagner performs an insightful analysis of the audience protests at Covent Garden in 1809 (the Old Price Riots) and the Situation Rooms project (2013) by the Rimini Protokoll group. The author considers the course and efficiency of the emancipation process in institutionalized theaters open to this sort of initiative, or the contrary, those which block the viewers' striving toward freedom
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In vitro analysis of promoter activity in Müller cells.
No full textPurposeRational modification of promoter architecture is necessary for manipulation of transgene activity and requires accurate deciphering of regulatory control elements. Identification of minimally sized promoters is critical to the design of viral vectors for gene therapy. To this end, we evaluated computational methods for predicting short DNA sequences capable of driving gene expression in Müller cells.MethodsWe measured enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expression levels driven by "full-length" promoters, and compared these data with computationally identified shorter promoter elements from the same genes. We cloned and screened over 90 sequences from nine Müller cell-associated genes: CAR2, CD44, GFAP, GLUL, PDGFRA, RLBP1, S100B, SLC1A3, and vimentin (VIM). We PCR-amplified the "full-length" promoter (~1500 bp), the proximal promoter (~500 bp), and the most proximal evolutionarily conserved region (ECR; 95-871 bp) for each gene, both with and without their respective 5' untranslated regions (UTRs), from C57BL/6J mouse genomic DNA. We selected and cloned additional ECRs from more distal genomic regions (both 5' and 3') of the VIM and CD44 genes, using both mouse and rat (Sprague-Dawley) genomic DNA as templates. PCR products were cloned into the pFTMGW or pFTM3GW lentiviral transfer vectors. Plasmid constructs were transfected into rat (wMC) or human (MIO-M1) Müller cells, and eGFP expression levels were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Selected constructs were also examined in NIH/3T3 and Neuro-2a cells.ResultsSeveral ECRs from the nine Müller cell-associated genes were able to drive reporter gene expression as well as their longer counterparts. Preliminary comparisons of ECRs from the VIM and CD44 genes suggested that inclusion of UTRs in promoter constructs resulted in increased transgene expression levels. Systematic comparison of promoter activity from nine Müller cell-expressed genes supported this finding, and characteristic regulation profiles were evident among the different genes tested. Importantly, individual cloned promoter sequences were capable of driving distinct levels of transgene expression, resulting in up to eightfold more cells expressing eGFP with up to 3.8-fold higher mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). Furthermore, combining constructs into single regulatory "units" modulated transgene expression, suggesting that secondary gene sequences provided in cis may be used to fine-tune gene expression levels.ConclusionsIn this study, we demonstrate that computational and empirical methods, when used in combination, can efficiently identify short promoters that are active in cultured Müller cells. In addition, the pFTM3GW vector can be used to study the effects of combined promoter elements. We anticipate that these methods will expedite the design and testing of synthetic/chimeric promoter constructs that should be useful for both in vitro and in vivo applications
Scholarly Rights and Responsibilities in the Digital Age
No full textThis panel discussion session was about author and creator rights from the faculty and graduate student perspective. John Willinsky is a Khosla Family Professor of Education at Stanford University, as well a part-time professor in the UBC Faculty of Education. Reilly Yeo has an MA in comparative politics from McGill University and is currently pursuing an academic career in literature, in addition to her role as a Strategic Consultant with OpenMedia.ca and coordinating social media for the Red Tent campaign. She is a specialist in online communications on complex issues. Meike Wernicke is an SFU graduate with an M.A. in French linguistics currently pursuing a doctoral degree in the Department of Language and Literacy Education at UBC. Her research focuses on multi- and plurilingualism, French language education in Canada, and language teacher professional development. Meike heads the German Department at Capilano University and teaches in the French language MEd cohort program at UBC. This session took place on October 20, 2010 in the Lillooet Room of the Irving K. Barber Learning Centre at the University of British Columbia.Education, Faculty ofOther UBCNon UBCLanguage and Literacy Education (LLED), Department ofUnreviewedOthe
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