282 research outputs found
An Evaluation of the Impact of Ignition Location Uncertainty on Forest Fire Ignition Prediction Using Bayesian Logistic Regression (Short Paper)
No full textThis study investigates the impact of location uncertainty on the predictive performance of Bayesian Logistic Regression (BLR) for forest fire ignition prediction in Austria. Historical forest fire ignitions are used to create a dataset for training models with the capability to assess the general forest fire ignition susceptibility. Each recorded fire ignition contains a timestamp, the estimated location of the ignition and a radius defining the area within which the unknown true location of the ignition point is located. As the values of the predictive features are calculated based on the assumed location, and not the unknown true location, the training data is biased due to input uncertainties. This study is set to assess the impact of input data uncertainty on the predictive performance of the model. For this we use a data binning approach that splits the input data into groups based on their location uncertainty and use them later for training multiple BLR models. The predictive performance of the models is then compared based on their accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) scores and brier scores. The study revealed that higher location uncertainty leads to decreased accuracy and AUC score, accompanied by an increase in the brier score, while demonstrating that the BLR model trained on a smaller high-quality dataset outperforms the model trained on the full dataset, despite its smaller size. The study’s contribution is to provide insights into the practical implications of location uncertainty on the quality of forest fire susceptibility predictions, with potential implications for forest risk management and forest fire documentation
The Mortimer M. Bortin lecture to destroy by the reaction of immunity: the search for separation of graft-versus-leukemia and graft-versus-host
No full textAbstractThe graft-versus-leukemia effect of allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation is a dramatic example of the power of the immune system to eradicate malignant disease. In this personal essay, adapted from the inaugural Mortimer M. Bortin Lecture presented at the 2004 Tandem BMT Meetings, the author recounts early efforts by Bortin and others to manipulate the graft-versus-leukemia effect and separate it from the potentially fatal complications of graft-versus-host disease
Magelona mackiei Mortimer & Kongsrud & Willassen 2022, SP. NOV.
No full textMAGELONA MACKIEI SP. NOV. (FIGS 16, 17) Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 92162557-7671-41A5-938A-332EA6AC397B. Type locality: Nigeria, 3.9828°N 6.2157°E, 41 m depth. Type material: Holotype, Nigeria: St. 5N–14, af in 96% Etoh (ZMBN107309, DNA-voucher). Paratypes: Sierra Leone: St. 7SL–06, 1af in 75% Etoh (ZMBN132189). Liberia: St. 7LI–01, 1af in 75% Etoh (NMW.Z.2021.001.0017, imaged); 6af in 75% Etoh (ZMBN132176); St. 7LI–07, 1af in 75% Etoh (NMW.Z.2021.001.0018, imaged). Ghana: St. 7GH– 05, 1af in 75% Etoh (ZMBN 132172); 2af in 75% Etoh (NMW.Z.2021.001.0019); St. 7GH–08, 1af in 96% Etoh (ZMBN115735, DNA-voucher); 1af in 75% Etoh (ZMBN132174); St. 2011404–GE1/249, 1af in 96% Etoh (ZMBN107341, DNA-voucher); St. 2009105– GE1/28, 14af in 75% Etoh (ZMBN107290); St. 2009105–GP1/28, 2af in 75% Etoh (ZMBN107288); St. 2009105–GW4/252, 5af in 75% Etoh (ZMBN107289). Nigeria: St. 5N–14, 1af in 96% Etoh (ZMBN115746, DNA-voucher); 11af in 96% Etoh (ZMBN107291); St. 6N–11, 3af, 3f, in 75% Etoh (NMW.Z.2021.001.0020). São Tomé and Príncipe: St. 2009-T2, 3af in 75% Etoh (NMW.Z.2021.001.0021). Gabon: St. 5G–03, 1af in 75% Etoh (ZMBN132180); St. 5G–16, 1af in 75% Etoh (ZMBN132181); St. 8G–01, 1af in 75% Etoh (ZMBN107292), 1af in 96% Etoh (ZMBN132118). Republic of Congo: St. 8CR–01, 1af in 96% Etoh (ZMBN115745, DNA-voucher); 4af in 75% Etoh (ZMBN107293); 9af in 96% Etoh (ZMBN132115); 17af in 75% Etoh (NMW.Z.2021.001.0022); St. 7CR–02, 1af in 96% Etoh (ZMBN107312, DNAvoucher); 3af in 96% Etoh (ZMBN132116); 1af in 96% Etoh (ZMBN132117, imaged); St. 7CR–05, 1af in 96% Etoh (ZMBN107310). Angola: St. 1997– 13, 1af in 75% Etoh (ZMBN132119); St. 1997–15, 1af in 75% Etoh (ZMBN132120); St. 1997–23, 1af in 75% Etoh (ZMBN132121); St. 1997–28, 1af in 75% Etoh (ZMBN132122); St. 1997–29, 2af in 75% Etoh (ZMBN132123). Etymology: This new species is named in honour of Dr Andrew Mackie, who has contributed much to our understanding of magelonids and who has provided advice and support to the first author during the last 20 years. Diagnosis: Prostomium wider than long, with rudimentary prostomial horns. Chaetigers 1–8 with slender sinuous postchaetal lamellae, those of the notopodia with minute superior dorsal lobes. Chaetiger 9, notopodia similar but without superior dorsal lobes, neuropodia with sinuous postchaetal lamellae and additional small triangular ventral processes. All thoracic chaetae capillary. Abdominal lateral lamellae triangular. Abdominal hooded hooks bidentate, in two groups, vis-à-vis. No pouches observed, pygidium unknown. Description: A large stout species; junction between thorax and abdomen (Fig. 17B), noticeable. Holotype, anterior fragment: prostomium 0.6 mm long, 0.8 mm wide; thorax 5 mm long (including prostomium), 1.0 mm wide; abdomen 0.75 mm wide; total length 7.75 mm for 14 chaetigers. Largest DNA-voucher specimen (ZMBN107312), anterior fragment: prostomium 0.90 mm long, 1.25 mm wide; thorax 5.25 mm long (including prostomium), 1.2 mm wide; abdomen 1.1 mm wide; total length approximately 13.5 mm for 23 chaetigers (width measurements not including parapodia). Thoracic chaetigers characteristically bulbous (Figs 16A, 17B), width greatest around chaetigers 5–6, body tapering towards chaetiger 9 (Fig. 17A, B). Other measured anterior fragments: 4.0– 18.5 mm for 8–30 chaetigers. Prostomium subtriangular (Fig. 16B), wider than long (L: W ratio 0.72–0.75). Rudimentary prostomial horns, anterior margin straight and square. Anterior prostomial margin of holotype with several minute notches, but not so distinct as crenulations, and otherwise smooth for remaining type material. Two pairs of prominent longitudinal, prostomial, dorsal muscular ridges, relatively thick; inner pair abutting for majority of length, diverging at distal tips. Outer pair, slightly shorter, abutting inners for entire length. Weak prostomial markings present either side of the muscular ridges (Fig. 16B), slightly more distinct in larger specimens. Burrowing organ, everted in four specimens, oval when partially everted. Nearly entirely everted in one specimen (ZMBN107312), heart-shaped, transversely ridged inferiorly, appearing smooth superiorly. Palps retained on several specimens, arising ventrolaterally from base of prostomium, short and thick, appearing ‘frilly’ with long numerous papillae. Specimens from the Republic of Congo (St. 8CR–01) with a short, nonpapillated region, reaching approximately chaetiger 1, but in larger specimens it reaches approximately chaetiger 3. Papillae short proximately but increasing rapidly in size, becoming extremely long and slender by chaetiger 2. Largest palp retained on Nigerian specimen (St. 6N–11, NMW.Z.2021.001.0020, left hand palp), approximately 0.4 mm wide and 9.0 mm long, reaching approximately chaetiger 20 (when folded backwards), other palps reaching approximately chaetigers 12–14. Proximally with three to six rows of papillae either side of an inconspicuous mid-palp line, devoid of papillae, medially four or five rows either side and distally one or two rows. Exact number of rows extremely difficult to count due to length of papillae and the overlapping of neighbouring rows. Achaetous region behind the prostomium, roughly twice the length of chaetiger 1 (Fig. 16A). Chaetigers 1–8 similar (Fig. 16C–M); parapodia biramous. Notopodia with low prechaetal lamellae confluent with slender smooth-edged sinuous postchaetal lamellae with pointed tips, of similar size throughout the thorax. Small to minute prechaetal superior dorsal lobes present on all thoracic chaetigers (except chaetiger 9) in a slightly prechaetal position (NB these are more difficult to see on more bulbous specimens, due to parapodia occurring in furrows, or on smaller specimens). Neuropodia with low prechaetal lamellae, confluent with long slender triangular, ventral lamellae with pointed tips, which reduce in size along the thorax. Postchaetal expansion, triangular and adjoining ventral lamellae (e.g. Fig. 16D–F) approximately halfway along their length (postchaetal expansion greater in larger specimens). Ventral lamellae initially slightly prechaetal but becoming more postchaetal by chaetiger 7. Chaetiger 9 (Figs 16A, 17B): shorter and narrower than preceding chaetigers. Notopodial prechaetal lamellae low, confluent with slender, triangular, postchaetal lamellae, slightly larger than on preceding chaetigers (Fig. 16N). No superior dorsal lobes observed. Neuropodia similar to notopodia, however, postchaetal lamellae slightly larger; chaetae emerging below lamella, from a definite ridge that terminates in a small triangular process. Chaetae of chaetigers 1–9 simple bilimbate, winged capillaries, those of chaetiger 8, slightly longer and characteristically splayed. Parapodia of abdominal chaetigers (Fig. 16O) with long, triangular, lateral lamellae with pointed tips (NB tips easily broken). Lamellae slightly constricted basally, but with no obvious postchaetal expansion behind chaetal rows. Tiny sporadic processes (DML, VML) observed at inner margins of chaetal rows. Abdominal chaetae bidentate hooded hooks (Fig. 16P– Q) of a similar size, one superior fang above main fang. Hooks in two approximately equal groups for each ramus, main fangs vis-à-vis (Fig. 16O). Approximately ten to 14 hooks per ramus in the anterior abdomen. No abdominal pouches observed, although posterior chaetigers unknown (no specimens with more than 30 chaetigers examined). Posterior region and pygidium unknown. Distinct sediment covered, layered tubes present on several specimens (Fig. 17I), inner layers often difficult to remove from specimens. Colour: No living material observed. Preserved specimens creamy orange in colour with faint reddish pigment in the posterior thorax (Fig. 17C, D). Pigment strongest between chaetigers 5–7 but not as strong as other magelonid species in the MIWA region. However, the majority of material examined has been preserved for over 10 years, and personal observations have shown pigmentation in magelonids can fade within a similar time frame. Observation of live or freshly preserved specimens is needed to clarify whether this species has darker pigmentation. Many specimens have an orange tint (Fig. 17A, B). Light dorsal speckles (glandular?) present between chaetigers 2–5 (Fig. 16A, F, H), more obvious in stained specimens. Staining with methyl green (Fig. 17F–H) shows a weak overall stain, with no distinct pattern. Distribution: Collected from 23 stations in the Gulf of Guinea (from Sierra Leone in the north to northern Angola in the south, Fig. 1), at depths of 8– 340 m. Remarks: Of all the pigmented species in the MIWA region, Magelona mackiei differs from M. alleni, M. guineensis, M. nanseni and M. picta by possessing bidentate and not tridentate abdominal hooded hooks. As noted above, M. mackiei differs from M. fasciata in terms of prostomial shape, pigmentation patterns (although note fading of pigmentation) and the nature of the thoracic neuropodial lamellae. Although the two species share many similarities, they can be easily separated in samples by observing the neuropodial lamellae of chaetigers 1–3, being broad almost scoopshaped in M. fasciata and distinctly slender and pointed in M. mackiei. Of the other magelonid species known to carry posterior thoracic pigmentation, M. mackiei differs from M. cincta, M. equilamellae, M. japonica, M. variolamellata, M. symmetrica and M. polydentata in the nature of the hooded hooks, which are bidentate as opposed to tridentate or polydentate. It further differs from M. symmetrica in possessing neuropodial lamellae in a distinctly ventral position, as opposed to a postchaetal position. The pigmentation of M. mackiei is noticeably faint in comparison to other MIWA magelonid material. Whilst it is unclear, at present, whether pigmentation is darker in live or freshly preserved specimens, M. symmetrica is a species in which pigmentation was similarly observed to be pale and sporadic, even in freshly preserved specimens (Mortimer et al., 2012). KEY TO ADULT SPECIMENS OF MAGELONA FROM WESTERN AFRICA CARRYING POSTERIOR THORACIC PIGMENTATION The geographical region included within the following key runs from Morocco in the north to Algoa Bay, South Africa in the south (Fig. 1). 1. Thoracic superior dorsal lobes absent to minute............................................................................................. 2 – Distinct thoracic superior dorsal lobes clearly developed............................................................................... 5 2. Abdominal hooded hooks bidentate.................................................................................................................. 3 – Abdominal hooded hooks tridentate................................................................................................................ 4 3. Ventral neuropodial lamellae of anterior thorax scoop-shaped, distinct stripy pigmentation along length of animal (NB this may fade over time)................................................................................................... M. fasciata – Ventral neuropodial lamellae of anterior thorax not scoop-shaped. Pigmentation light and limited to posterior thorax..................................................................................................................................... M. mackiei 4. Abdominal lateral lamellae of roughly equal size in each ramus...................................................... M. cincta – Abdominal lateral lamellae subequal, notopodial being noticeably larger than the neuropodial.... M. alleni 5. Thoracic superior dorsal lobes short, thoracic notopodial lamellae slender and in a slightly subchaetal position. Small, triangular processes below neurochaetae on chaetiger 9..................................... M. guineensis – Thoracic superior dorsal lobes long, thoracic notopodial lamellae more foliaceous, postchaetal. No processes below neurochaetae on chaetiger 9...................................................................................................................... 6 6. Foliaceous abdominal lateral lamellae heavily pigmented (NB this may fade over time), with only a slight basal constriction. Thoracic notopodial lamellae foliaceous, neuropodial lamellae of a similar length along the thorax (only marginally shorter towards posterior thorax). Abdominal lamellae with obvious postchaetal expansion behind chaetal rows, distinct, triangular................................................................................ M. picta – Spatulate abdominal lateral lamellae without pigmentation, basal constriction distinct. Thoracic notopodial lamellae slender foliaceous, marked reduction in the length of neuropodial lamellae along the thorax. Abdominal lamellae without postchaetal expansion behind chaetal rows in the abdomen............. M. nanseni The minimum, maximum and mean depths from which all MIWA pigmented species were collected are given in Table 6. The results indicate that whilst M. mackiei can be found in shallow waters, it appears to more abundant in waters over 100 m deep. The remaining five pigmented species in the region were encountered more frequently at depths of 26– 58 m. Of all the other previously described African Magelona species, M. mackiei shares some similarities with M. cepiceps and M. mahensis. However, it differs from M. cepiceps, which has an onion-shaped prostomium and tridentate abdominal hooded hooks, and from M. mahensis in which thoracic superior dorsal lobes are absent. Magelona mackiei shares affinities with Magelona capax Hartman, 1965 described off the mouth of theAmazon River. However, it differs in the shape of the prostomium, having a more distinct anterior prostomial margin, which is almost horn-like for M. capax.Published as part of Mortimer, Kate, Kongsrud, Jon Anders & Willassen, Endre, 2022, Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation, pp. 1134-1176 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4) on pages 1166-1170, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab070, http://zenodo.org/record/645940
Waldbrand-Dokumentation und Analyse von durch Blitzschlag ausgelösten Waldbränden als Beitrag für ein integriertes System zur Abschätzung der Waldbrandgefahr in Österreich
No full textDie vorliegende Arbeit hat sich auf verschiedene Aspekte des Waldbrandmanagements im Alpenland Österreich konzentriert. Seit der im Jahr 2008 begonnenen zentralen Dokumentation von Waldbrandereignissen sind etwa 7000 Waldbrände erfasst, beschrieben und in eine Datenbank eingespielt worden. Zum ersten Mal ermöglichte diese Datenbank eine Beschreibung des österreichischen Waldbrandregimes. Im Detail wurde die Rolle von Waldbränden, welche durch Blitzschläge ausgelöst werden, untersucht. Dabei wurde festgestellt, dass 15% aller jährlichen Waldbrände in Österreich durch Blitzschläge verursacht werden. Das räumliche und zeitliche Auftreten von Blitzschlagbränden in Bezug auf den Jahres- und Tagesgang, topographische Parameter und die betroffenen Vegetationstypen wurde untersucht. Eine Analyse der Blitzschlag-Charakteristiken zeigte, dass positiv geladene Wolke-Erde-Blitze relativ mehr Brände entzündeten als negative Entladungen. Höhere Werte meteorologischer Waldbrandindizes korrelierten mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit der Entzündung, was die Bedeutung lokal auftretender Trockenheit unterstreicht. Als Ergebnis der Analyse konnte eine räumlich hochauflösende (100 x 100 m) Karte der Entzündungsgefahr durch Blitzschläge erstellt werden. Diese Karte wurde gemeinsam mit anderen Datensätzen zur Entwicklung des Prototyps eines integrierten Systems zur Abschätzung der Waldbrandgefahr (IFDS) für Österreich verwendet. Die meteorologischen Bedingungen wurden durch täglich berechnete Waldbrandindizes dargestellt. Zusätzliche Datenebenen zum menschlichen Einfluss auf die Brandentstehung und eine hochaufgelöste Karte der Vegetationstypen und der Topographie wurden ebenfalls in den Prototyp eingebettet. Unterschiedliche Gewichtungen der verwendeten Datenebenen erlaubten ein Variantenstudium. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass einige dieser Varianten signifikant bessere Vorhersageergebnisse lieferten als Waldbrandindizes, die ausschließlich auf meteorologischen Parametern basierten.The research work has focused on several aspects of forest fire management in the Alpine country of Austria. Since the beginning of the documentation of forest fire events in 2008 about 7000 wildfires have been described and recorded in a database. For the first time, this database allowed a characterisation of the Austrian forest fire regime. Especially the role of forest fires caused by lightnings was analyzed. It was found that 15% of all annual forest fires in Austria are caused by lightning strikes. The spatial and temporal occurrence of lightning caused fires in terms of annual and diurnal variation, topographic parameters, and main vegetation types affected was evaluated. An analysis of the lightning characteristics showed that positively charged cloud-to-ground lightnings ignited relatively more fires than negative discharges. Higher values of meteorological fire weather indices correlated with a higher chance of lightning fire ignition, which underscores the importance of local drought effects. Based on these findings a spatial high-resolution (100 x 100 m) map of the lightning fire hazard was developed. This map together with other datasets was used for the design of a prototype of an Integrated Fire Danger assessment System (IFDS) for Austria. The meteorological conditions were represented by fire weather indices calculated on a daily basis. Data layers on the human influence on fire ignition and a high-resolution map of the vegetation types and topography were also embedded in the prototype. Different weighting approaches of the used data layers allowed to analyze different scenarios. It was shown that some of these scenarios performed significantly better than fire weather indices based solely on meteorological parameters.Mortimer M. MüllerDissertation Universität für Bodenkultur Wien 2021Mit englischer Zusammenfassun
Waldbrand-Dokumentation und Analyse von durch Blitzschlag ausgelösten Waldbränden als Beitrag für ein integriertes System zur Abschätzung der Waldbrandgefahr in Österreich
No full textDie vorliegende Arbeit hat sich auf verschiedene Aspekte des Waldbrandmanagements im Alpenland Österreich konzentriert. Seit der im Jahr 2008 begonnenen zentralen Dokumentation von Waldbrandereignissen sind etwa 7000 Waldbrände erfasst, beschrieben und in eine Datenbank eingespielt worden. Zum ersten Mal ermöglichte diese Datenbank eine Beschreibung des österreichischen Waldbrandregimes. Im Detail wurde die Rolle von Waldbränden, welche durch Blitzschläge ausgelöst werden, untersucht. Dabei wurde festgestellt, dass 15% aller jährlichen Waldbrände in Österreich durch Blitzschläge verursacht werden. Das räumliche und zeitliche Auftreten von Blitzschlagbränden in Bezug auf den Jahres- und Tagesgang, topographische Parameter und die betroffenen Vegetationstypen wurde untersucht. Eine Analyse der Blitzschlag-Charakteristiken zeigte, dass positiv geladene Wolke-Erde-Blitze relativ mehr Brände entzündeten als negative Entladungen. Höhere Werte meteorologischer Waldbrandindizes korrelierten mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit der Entzündung, was die Bedeutung lokal auftretender Trockenheit unterstreicht. Als Ergebnis der Analyse konnte eine räumlich hochauflösende (100 x 100 m) Karte der Entzündungsgefahr durch Blitzschläge erstellt werden. Diese Karte wurde gemeinsam mit anderen Datensätzen zur Entwicklung des Prototyps eines integrierten Systems zur Abschätzung der Waldbrandgefahr (IFDS) für Österreich verwendet. Die meteorologischen Bedingungen wurden durch täglich berechnete Waldbrandindizes dargestellt. Zusätzliche Datenebenen zum menschlichen Einfluss auf die Brandentstehung und eine hochaufgelöste Karte der Vegetationstypen und der Topographie wurden ebenfalls in den Prototyp eingebettet. Unterschiedliche Gewichtungen der verwendeten Datenebenen erlaubten ein Variantenstudium. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass einige dieser Varianten signifikant bessere Vorhersageergebnisse lieferten als Waldbrandindizes, die ausschließlich auf meteorologischen Parametern basierten.The research work has focused on several aspects of forest fire management in the Alpine country of Austria. Since the beginning of the documentation of forest fire events in 2008 about 7000 wildfires have been described and recorded in a database. For the first time, this database allowed a characterisation of the Austrian forest fire regime. Especially the role of forest fires caused by lightnings was analyzed. It was found that 15% of all annual forest fires in Austria are caused by lightning strikes. The spatial and temporal occurrence of lightning caused fires in terms of annual and diurnal variation, topographic parameters, and main vegetation types affected was evaluated. An analysis of the lightning characteristics showed that positively charged cloud-to-ground lightnings ignited relatively more fires than negative discharges. Higher values of meteorological fire weather indices correlated with a higher chance of lightning fire ignition, which underscores the importance of local drought effects. Based on these findings a spatial high-resolution (100 x 100 m) map of the lightning fire hazard was developed. This map together with other datasets was used for the design of a prototype of an Integrated Fire Danger assessment System (IFDS) for Austria. The meteorological conditions were represented by fire weather indices calculated on a daily basis. Data layers on the human influence on fire ignition and a high-resolution map of the vegetation types and topography were also embedded in the prototype. Different weighting approaches of the used data layers allowed to analyze different scenarios. It was shown that some of these scenarios performed significantly better than fire weather indices based solely on meteorological parameters.Mortimer M. MüllerDissertation Universität für Bodenkultur Wien 2021Mit englischer Zusammenfassun
Magelona japonica Okuda 1937
No full textMagelona japonica Okuda, 1937 [Japanese name: Morote-gokai] Figs 6–9 Magelona japonica Okuda, 1937b Type locality: Incheon, Korean Archipelago; Onagawa, Miyagi Prefecture Material examined. SOUTH KOREA, Incheon, syntypes (ZIHU 2789, 9 af, 18 f, pf) from soft, muddy sediments, July 1936, collector unknown. JAPAN (NMW.Z.2022.001.0001, af), R. V. Toyoshiomaru Stn 4 (34.3098, 133.2260 to 34.3088, 133.2294), dredge, 05/11/2014, collected by NJ, sandy sediments, 13–14 m depth. Diagnosis. Prostomium wider than long, horns present. Chaetigers 1–9 with slender triangular lamellae, neuropodia distinctly scoop-shaped on chaetigers 1–4. Distinct pigment band on posterior thorax. All thoracic chaetae capillary. Abdominal lateral lamellae roughly equal in size, triangular to foliaceous with pointed tips. Abdominal hooks tridentate, in two groups, vis-à-vis. No pouches observed. Dimensions. A large, stout species; with a slight constriction between thorax and abdomen (Figs 6A; 7A, C), thorax dorsoventrally flattened, much thinner (when viewed laterally, Fig. 8C), but wider than the rounded abdomen (when viewed dorsally). Chaetigers 5–7 marginally wider than anterior and posterior thorax (when viewed dorsally). Japanese specimen, anterior fragment: prostomium 0.6 mm long, 1.1 mm wide; thorax 3.9 mm long (including prostomium), 0.98 mm wide (between chaetigers 6 and 7); total length 6.1 mm for 15 chaetigers (last chaetiger dissected and slide mounted). Twenty-eight fragments of suspected syntype material observed, including nine anterior fragments ranging from 3–34 chaetigers and 1.5–11.5 mm in length (N.B. syntype material has previously dried out, so measurements approximate given condition). Lateral margins of thoracic chaetigers characteristically rounded and bulbous (Figs 6A; 7A–C, E; 8E). Description. Prostomium triangular (Figs 6B; 7D), wider than long (L:W ratio 0.55). Distinct prostomial horns, anterior margin triangular, not entirely smooth but not as marked as crenulations. Lateral prostomial margins slightly rounded, base clearly expanded. Prostomium with two pairs of prominent longitudinal dorsal muscular ridges, inners abutting for a third of the length, diverging at both ends. Outer pair of ridges abutting inner pair for majority of length. Markings either side of the ridges fairly weak, not as distinct as in other species. Burrowing organ partially everted (Figs 7C, F, G; 8C, F) on Japanese specimen and on four syntypes, oval (shape of full eversion unknown). Longitudinally ridged inferiorly, superior surface not observed. Palp stubs (showing signs of regeneration) on Japanese specimen, arising ventrolaterally from base of prostomium, thick (Figs 6A; 7) (now detached, present in vial). Palps reaching approximately chaetigers 1–2. A few short papillae present on distal portion of left-hand palp. Exact number of papillae and rows indeterminable. Palps retained partially on three syntype specimens (Fig. 8C) (one loose palp present in vial), reaching chaetigers 12–16, non-papillated region reaching chaetiger 2. Papillae long; one row either side of indistinct longitudinal line on distal portion, two rows either side medially, and three rows either side proximally. Achaetous region behind prostomium, roughly one and a half times the size of chaetiger 1 (Figs 6A; 7D, E; 8D). Chaetigers 1–8 similar (Figs 6A, C–J; 7A, E, F); parapodia biramous. Notopodia with low triangular, prechaetal lamellae confluent with slender, smooth-edged, triangular postchaetal lamellae. Lamellae decrease in size towards mid thorax, those of chaetiger 5 and 6 much smaller than preceding chaetigers, but lamellae increase again on chaetigers 7 and 8 (although not as large as anterior thorax). No superior dorsal lobes present on thoracic chaetigers. Neuropodial lamellae distinctly scoop-shaped on chaetigers 1–4 (Figs 6C–F; 7F), tips pointed, situated directly under chaetal bundle. Neuropodial lamellae of mid and posterior thorax (Fig. 6G–J) digitiform to slender triangular, becoming distinctly postchaetal by chaetiger 7 (Fig. 6I). Lamellae decrease in size to mid thorax, but increase from chaetiger 6, initially similar in size to notopodia, but becoming longer than notopodia by chaetiger 4. Chaetiger 9 (Figs 6A; 8A, B): shorter and narrower than preceding chaetigers. Noto- and neuropodial lamellae similar, triangular postchaetal, smaller than on preceding chaetigers (Fig. 6K). No superior dorsal lobes. Notopodial lamellae below chaetal bundle, neuropodial lamellae above neurochaetae (Fig. 6K). Chaetae of chaetigers 1–9 simple, unilimbate winged capillaries with smooth blades, limbations slight (Fig. 6M). Neuropodial chaetae longer than notopodial ones, chaetal bundles of posterior thorax distinctly splayed (e.g., Fig. 6I–K). No thoracic ventral swellings observed. Parapodia of abdominal chaetigers (Figs 6L; 8A, B) with approximately equal lateral lamellae in both rami. Lamellae marginally foliaceous to triangular in shape with pointed tips, slight basal constriction but with no obvious postchaetal expansion of lamellae behind chaetal rows. Minute to sporadic triangular dorsal (DML) and ventral (VML) processes present at inner margins of chaetal rows (Fig. 6L). Abdominal chaetae tridentate hooded hooks (Fig. 6N) of similar size, superior two fangs parallel, above, but not majorly distinct from main fang. Hooks in each ramus in two groups, main fangs vis-à-vis, group at inner margin with approximately twice as many hooks (Fig. 6A, L). Roughly ten hooks per ramus in anterior abdomen. No abdominal support chaetae (‘aciculae’) or abdominal pouches observed. Posterior of Japanese specimen unknown. One posterior fragment observed in syntype material, pygidium conical and devoid of anal cirri (as noted by Okuda, likely damaged) (Fig. 8G). Several ovigerous syntype specimens observed. Sand balls and foraminifera additionally observed in the gut of syntypes, and evidence of a tube on two specimens, as noted by Okuda. Colour. No living material observed, although a photograph of the freshly preserved specimen, provided by third author, shows a pale-yellow colouration with a dark reddish-brown pigment band (Fig. 7B) in the posterior thorax (now faded to a large extent, Fig. 7A, C). Band strongest between chaetigers 5–9, but with smaller pigmented regions adjacent to parapodia on chaetigers 3–4. Pigment band extends around the body from dorsal to ventral surface. Syntypes have darkened to a yellow-brown colour, perhaps as a consequence of drying out previously. Staining with Methyl Green (Fig. 7E, F) fairly indistinct, showing no clear pattern. Although, speckled areas from chaetigers 1–4, and abdominal interparapodial patches more distinct in stained specimens (Figs 6A; 8A, B). Thoracic staining retained on Japanese specimen for some time after staining. Transverse lines of white speckles apparent on chaetigers 1–4, and evenly spread across surface of chaetigers 5–9. Dense white speckles between chaetigers 8–10, particularly either side of mid ventral line, and as interparapodial patches in the abdomen present. Distribution and habitat. Type specimens were collected from soft, muddy sediments off Incheon, Korean Archipelago and Onagawa, Miyagi Prefecture. The current Japanese specimen was collected at a depth of 13–14 m off Innoshima Island, Seto Inland Sea, Japan (34.3098, 133.2260 to 34.3088, 133.2294) in sandy sediments (Fig. 1, Table 1). Further records from muds and sands from estuarine, intertidal flats, continental shelf and shallow sublittoral sediments exist from Korea (Okuda 1937a & b; Oh & Kim 1976; Choi & Koh 1986; Park 1991; Choi & Koh 1994; Hong & Yoo 1996; Lim & Hong 1997; Hong et al. 1999; Hong & Yoo 2001; Lim & Choi 2001; Hyun et al. 2002; An et al. 2006; Lim et al. 2006; Paik et al. 2007; Yoo et al. 2007; Cha et al. 2009; Yoon et al. 2009a –c; Seo et al. 2009; Choi et al. 2010; Yoon et al. 2010; Jung et al. 2011; Kim et al. 2011; Yoon et al. 2011; Yu et al. 2011; Yu et al. 2013; Park et al. 2014; Seo et al. 2014; Kim et al. 2016a & b; Lim et al. 2016; Seo et al. 2016; Kwon et al. 2017a & b; Jeong & Shin 2018; Seo et al. 2019; Kim et al. 2019; Khim et al. 2021; Kim et al. 2021; Youn et al. 2021), Japan (Imajima 1968; Kawabe 1975; Imajima & Takeda 1975; Yokoyama & Hayashi 1980; Imajima 1982; Lin 1983; Okanishi et al. 2016; Nishijima et al. 2015), South Viet Nam (Gallardo 1968; Paxton & Chou 2000), China (Wu et al. 1980; Yang & Sun 1988; Paxton & Chou 2000), South China Sea (Glasby et al. 2016), Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal and Palk Bay, India (Tampi & Rengarajan 1964) (Fig. 9). Berkeley & Berkeley (1950, 1952) suggested the presence of M. japonica in the Canadian Pacific and off Washington, USA, however noted doubts of their identification suggesting M. longicornis as an alternative. Jones (1971) concurred with the authors, later synonymising the records with the latter species. The records of the species from the Indo-Pacific region (Andaman Islands, India, and South Viet Nam) do not mention the distinct pigment band which is present in M. japonica. Given the lack of such a distinctive character in the notes of both records, and their distance from the type locality, further verification is warranted to ascertain whether M. japonica really occurs in these regions. The authors suggest that M. japonica is predominantly a Temperate Northern Pacific (sensu Spalding et al. 2007) species (Fig. 9). Many of the above records suggest the species dominates at shallower depths, however, several occurrences at more than 30 m have been noted (Choi & Koh 1986; Paik et al. 2007). The species has been reported as dominant in sediments with low organic content (Lim & Hong 1997) and a sensitivity to organic enrichment was also additionally noted by Nishijima et al. (2015). Remarks. The original description of M. japonica does not disclose the holding institution of the type material, although does state that the specimens originally came from the Hokkaido Fishery Station. Brasil (2003) stated the holotype was originally deposited at the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo (NSMT), however, reported the holotype to be lost. Discussions with NSMT, suggested the type material may have been deposited at the Hokkaido University Museum. Personal communications by the second author with Hiroshi Kajihara revealed putative syntypes held at the latter institution. The specimen label noting “ Magelona japonica ”, “Okuda”, and “Incheon”, fitting well with the type material. Unfortunately, the material has dehydrated at some point, although, the condition is sufficient to corroborate Okuda’s observations and many of the identifying characteristics. Examination revealed several specimens which have been previously dissected (Fig. 8D), possibly prior to drawing, and one specimen bears close resemblance to that originally drawn by Okuda (1937a: fig. 23) and herein imaged (Fig. 8C). A posterior fragment devoid of anal cirri (Fig. 8G) as described by Okuda is additionally present. Whilst slight discrepancies in the sizes of specimens exist between the original description and the redescription herein, this is likely due to desiccation of the syntype material. Okuda’s longest specimen was 42 chaetigers, and although the syntypes are marginally shorter, this may be due to dissection, or fragmentation. The current authors are content that the Hokkaido University Museum material represents the syntype material of the species. There are several differences noted between the original description and the redescription given herein, particularly in relation to the parapodia. The original description notes “the eight anterior chaetigers bear slender dorsal and ventral postchaetal lobes”, however, the figures show distinctly ventral neuropodia for the first and fifth parapodia, which is in agreement with the current findings, in which they only become postchaetal at chaetigers 7 to 9. Okuda (1937a) made no mention of scoop-shaped thoracic neuropodia; however, they can be observed on the syntype material, even in their dried state (Fig. 8C–E). Okuda also noted the lamellae of chaetiger 9 to be subequal, however, they are relatively similar in length in both rami, as he originally drew. The pigment bands of the type specimens have now faded to a large extent, but this is consistent with that seen in other magelonid specimens after more than ten years in preservatives (pers. obs. of second author). Okuda noted scattered brown spots on the lateral sides of the thorax, just behind the parapodia. Although not observed by the current authors, white spots scattered over the thorax can be seen. Six to eight abdominal hooded hooks per rami were described by Okuda, although there are approximately ten for the Japanese specimen. On examination of one of Okuda’s syntypes eight hooks were seen per ramus, not dissimilar from the current specimen. The subspecies Magelona japonica var. koreana Okuda, 1937 was elevated to species level (Magelona koreana) by Jones in 1971. However, it has been largely ignored in the literature outside of a few sporadic records (e.g., Gallardo 1968; Glasby et al. 2016). The two species share many morphological similarities, but M. koreana differs in possessing small ventral lamellae on chaetiger 9, and sub-equal abdominal lamellae. The original description of M. koreana is ambiguous in terms of pigmentation, stating “no marked pigmentation”, this requires further verification. It is entirely possible that some records of M. japonica may actually represent M. koreana. The type material of Magelona koreana is believed lost and no further information can be added at this time. In their phylogenetic hypotheses under Magelonidae, Mortimer et al. (2021a) highlighted a group containing the species Magelona fasciata Mortimer, Kongsrud & Willassen, 2021 and M. cincta. The group (Group F) was characterised by the presence of scoop-shaped thoracic neuropodial lamellae, and a pigmented band in the thorax. Magelona japonica was not included in that analysis, but it is highly likely to belong to this ‘ Magelona cincta ’ group of species. Magelona fasciata, a species described off Western African, differs from M. japonica in possessing bidentate, not tridentate, hooded hooks as in the latter species. The prostomial horns of M. fasciata are rudimentary, and pigmentation runs throughout the entire body, whilst in M. japonica prostomial horns are more distinct and pigmentation is limited to the posterior thorax. Similarly, M. cincta differs from M. japonica in possessing rudimentary prostomial horns. A further eight species are recorded to possess a thoracic pigment band: M. alleni; Magelona equilamellae Harmelin, 1964; Magelona sp. I of Uebelacker & Jones (1984); Magelona variolamellata Bolívar & Lana, 1986; Magelona guineensis Mortimer, Kongsrud & Willassen, 2021; Magelona picta Mortimer, Kongsrud & Willassen, 2021; Magelona nanseni Mortimer, Kongsrud & Willassen, 2021; and Magelona mackiei Mortimer, Kongsrud & Willassen, 2021. They all differ from M. japonica in not possessing scoop-shaped neuropodial thoracic lamellae, and in lacking distinct prostomial horns. Magelona alleni further differs in possessing sub-equal abdominal lamellae (as seen in M. koreana), M. mackiei in possessing bidentate hooded hooks, and lastly Magelona sp. I in possessing polydentate hooded hooks. Two morphologically similar species known from an adjacent ecoregion are Magelona mickminni Nateewathana & Hylleberg, 1991, and Magelona petersenae Nateewathana & Hylleberg, 1991. Magelona mickminni differs from M. japonica in lacking scoop-shaped lamellae. Whilst M. petersenae shares many morphological similarities with M. japonica the thoracic lamellae are slightly less scoop-shaped and the prostomium frontal margin is crenulate.Published as part of Taylor, Abbie, Mortimer, Kate & Jimi, Naoto, 2022, Unearthing the diversity of Japanese Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae); three species new to science, and a redescription of Magelona japonica, pp. 451-491 in Zootaxa 5196 (4) on pages 460-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/723561
Circulando sentidos, pela escrita nas aulas de ciências: com interlocuções entre Fritz Muller, Charles Darwin e um coletivo de estudantes
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Científica e Tecnológica, Florianópolis, 2012.O funcionamento da escrita na ciência e em aulas de ciências, por coletivos de cientistas e estudantes, foi objeto de nosso estudo. Para formulação do problema, o seu enfrentamento e as interpretações realizadas na pesquisa nos orientamos pelo diálogo com autores dos aportes teóricos da Sociogênese do Conhecimento, especialmente o epistemólogo Ludwik Fleck, e da Análise de Discurso da linha francesa. Destas perspectivas, enunciamos a nossa compreensão para as relações entre ciência e linguagem e formulamos a pergunta de pesquisa: "Quais condições de produção da escrita de cientistas podem ser constitutivas do desenvolvimento de conhecimentos científicos e de que modo seus condicionantes podem orientar o funcionamento e/ou análise da escrita de estudantes em aulas de ciências na escola?" O estudo foi realizado por meio de dois percursos, uma pesquisa bibliográfica e uma pesquisa de campo em um contexto escolar. Por conseguinte, tomando, por exemplo, uma análise da interlocução entre Fritz Müller e Charles Darwin, na investigação do movimento das plantas trepadeiras, interpretamos que a circulação escrita de sentidos entre e com outros coletivos de pensamento, no enfrentamento dos problemas de pesquisas, é condicionante fundamental no desenvolvimento de conhecimentos científicos e do próprio modo de conhecer na ciência. Na sequência, propomos aproximações e relações desta conclusão com o contexto escolar a fim de orientar o funcionamento e/ou análise da escrita de estudantes em aulas de ciências. Com base nisso, vivenciamos com um coletivo de estudantes e seu professor de uma escola da rede pública de ensino, da cidade de Blumenau/SC, o estudo de um projeto cujo tema era os insetos. Neste contexto, a partir da proposição de um problema de investigação significativo aos estudantes buscamos analisar como funcionou a circulação escrita de sentidos entre os sujeitos do coletivo e com outros coletivos distintos do seu, mais próximos do círculo esotérico (cientistas), na busca de soluções para as suas perguntas. Nossas interpretações permitiram formular a tese de que a circulação escrita de sentidos intracoletiva e intercoletiva em aulas de ciências é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos científicos e a transformação de um estilo de pensamento dos estudantes, contribuindo para seus gestos de interpretação na função de sujeitos-autores e, com isso, favorecendo a complexificação das suas explicações e relações com mundo, no mundo e com os outros em uma cultura tecnocientífica e letrada. No estudo também organizamos um estado da arte da investigação em Educação Científica, caracterizando quais são as compreensões e as práticas de pesquisadores brasileiros que têm sido mediadoras do desenvolvimento de conhecimentos científicos sobre as relações entre a escrita e aprender ciências. Além do circulo esotérico, esta análise também podem ser de utilidade para professores e formadores de professores, quando situados no circulo exotérico, uma vez que se pode ampliar o debate dos resultados das pesquisas e as suas relações com a prática docente, potencializando perspectivas para o funcionamento da escrita em aulas de ciências, pelo ensino e pela pesquisa
Magelona obockensis Gravier 1905
No full textMagelona obockensis Gravier, 1905 Figures 1–4 Magelona obockensis Gravier, 1905: 44 –45; 1906: 163–166, pl. 2, figs 186–192 Magelona heteropoda Mohammed, 1973 (see below) Magelona papillicornis (not F. Müller, 1858)— Amoureux 1983; 738, fig. 7 (see below) Material examined. Obock, Djibouti, Gulf of Arden, Red Sea—in the sands of Balanoglossus with Cymodoce, low tide, 7 syntypes (MNHN Type 1357; 7 af, 1 pf, 9 f), 5 th March 1904 (note Gravier examined 12 specimens for the original description, the largest being 66 mm in length for 131 chaetigers, however this specimen does not appear to be present in the syntype material, and is somewhat larger than the other syntypes).—Locality and collector information unknown (MNHN A 172) from general collection; 1 c (posteriorly regenerating), 1 af (heavily dissected). Diagnosis. Prostomium longer than wide, slender triangular, anteriorly rounded without prostomial horns. Notopodia of chaetigers 1–8 with large foliaceous postchaetal lamellae, upper edges minutely crenulate, bilobed on several chaetigers. Slender cirriform dorsal processes on all thoracic chaetigers. Neuropodia with slender cirriform ventral processes that become shorter and broader along thorax. Neuropodia of chaetiger 8 with distinct digitiform prechaetal processes, in addition to subtriangular postchaetal lamellae. Chaetiger 9 with broadly rounded low postchaetal lamellae, and small papilliform processes present at the inner margins of chaetal rows in both the noto– & neuropodia. Chaetigers 1–8 with capillary chaetae, chaetiger 9 with mucronate chaetae. Abdominal lateral lamellae spatulate, bluntly pointed, basally constricted. Hooded hooks tridentate, in two groups, vis–à–vis. Anteriorly and posteriorly open pouches present on abdominal chaetigers. Description. A moderately stout species; abdomen markedly wider than thorax (Fig. 1 A). Syntypes all incomplete, condition generally poor. Dimensions of broadest specimen: Prostomium 1.87 mm long, 1.15 mm wide; thorax (including prostomium) 7.05 mm long, 0.83 mm wide; abdomen 1.1 mm wide; total length 19.85 mm for 39 chaetigers. Longest specimen, 22.1 mm for 53 chaetigers. Other syntypes 11.4 mm – 17.2 mm with 22–36 chaetigers. Complete specimen (MNHN A 172) ~ 31 mm for 81 chaetigers (4–5 posteriormost chaetigers regenerating), with marked difference between thorax and abdomen, constricted at chaetiger 9. Prostomium elongate, much longer than wide (L:W ratio 1.4–1.88), slender triangular, without prostomial horns, anterior margin smooth, rounded (sometimes formed into a blunt tip); lateral edges minutely wavy; eyes absent. Two pairs of prominent longitudinal dorsal muscular ridges, outer pair (slightly shorter) abutting inners for entire length, inner pair reaching the distal tip of prostomium, where they diverge only very slightly (Fig. 1 B). Indistinct quadrangular areas (poorly preserved) either side of muscular ridges, distinct in general collection specimens (MNHN A 172). Proboscis everted in four specimens, heart–shaped when fully everted, oval when partially everted; inferiorly longitudinal ridged, appearing smooth superiorly but with light transverse ridging. Palps arising ventrolaterally from base of prostomium, robust, tapering to fine translucent tips in figured specimen (Fig. 1 A) (although not observed in other specimens), reaching at least chaetigers 14– 17, non–papillated region reaching chaetigers 2–3. Papillae very short proximally, increasing gradually in size, papillae long at distal tip. Initially 3–4 rows of papillae either side of inconspicuous ventral groove, distally 2 rows. Palps of complete specimen (MNHN A 172) more slender, although still robust, with 1–2 papillae either side of groove, reaching about chaetiger 12 (possibly regenerating?). Peristomium achaetous, roughly twice the size of chaetiger 1. Chaetigers 1–7 similar; parapodia biramous. Notopodia with well–developed, thick, low prechaetal lamellae confluent with large delicate foliaceous postchaetal lamellae, latter with pointed tips, of similar size throughout thorax (Figs 1 C–E, 2 A–G). Upper edges of notopodial postchaetal lamellae crenulated, degree of crenulation variable between specimens, with a discrete notch usually present by the fourth or fifth chaetigers (Figs 2 C–D), developing into distinct bilobed lamellae from at least chaetiger 6 (Figs 2 F–G). Most notopodial thoracic lamellae of syntype material either damaged or missing (due to delicate nature of the postchaetal lamellae, particularly when bilobed), thus position of first appearance of bilobed lamellae often impossible to state. However, broadest syntype with bilobed lamellae from chaetiger 1 (Figs 1 C–E), although not present until posterior thoracic chaetigers in other specimens. Single long, slender, tapering cirriform prechaetal superior process (DML) present on notopodia of all thoracic chaetigers, gradually increasing in size to chaetiger 5 but decreasing towards the posterior thorax. Neuropodia of chaetigers 1–7 with single long slender cirriform processes ventrally (VNL), directly under chaetae but becoming distinctly prechaetal by chaetiger 7, distal tips pointed. Longest on chaetiger 2, becoming shorter and broader, towards posterior thorax. Pre– and postchaetal lamellae well–developed, encircling chaetae cuff–like. Chaetiger 8 (Fig. 2 H): Notopodial lamellae noticeably bilobed, distal portion subtriangular, prechaetal superior processes small (DML). Neuropodial processes prechaetal, rounded and digitiform. Low prechaetal lamellae confluent with subtriangular postchaetal lamellae, encircling chaetae superiorly, cuff–like (Fig. 2 I). Chaetae of chaetigers 1–8 simple winged capillaries. Chaetiger 9 (Fig. 1 A): shorter and narrower than preceding chaetigers. Notopodial prechaetal lamellae low, minutely crenulated and broadly rounded, confluent with higher postchaetal lamellae (Figs 1 F, 2 J) (crenulate/pectinate in some specimens, degree of crenulation often varying between notopodia on both sides of same example); lamellae encircling chaetae underneath as lateral expansions. Superior processes (DML) very small to minute, obscured/missing(?) on several specimens. Neuropodia similar to notopodia, without lateral expansions, small ventral prechaetal processes present (VML of some authors). Chaetae spatulate (Fig. 1 H), arranged in arcs; chaetae longer but with narrower distal tips towards margins of each fan (Fig. 1 I). A conspicuous, oval swelling present ventrally on all specimens, level with the lamellae of chaetiger 8 (Fig. 3). Additional ventral swellings observed on earlier chaetigers, as two oblique anterior facing structures (often reniform) (Fig. 3), initially poorly developed at chaetiger 1, increasing in development along thorax. Those of chaetiger 7 show some variation in size/shape, sometimes similar to preceding chaetigers or more well–developed, almost abutting. Swellings with sporadic white speckles. An occasional oval dorsal swelling, observed (Fig. 1 A) between parapodia of chaetiger 8. Abdominal chaetigers (Figs 2 K–M) with broad, spatulate lateral lamellae, of about equal size in both rami, basally constricted, bluntly pointed. Lamellar shape shows some variation (even within space of several segments along a specimen, and between rami of same parapodium); from rounded, subrectangular to slightly reniform. Postchaetal extension of lateral lamellae, behind chaetal rows well–developed, especially in anterior abdomen, apex forming a distinct rounded tip in some specimens (Fig. 2 L), similar to that figured by Gravier (1906: fig. 331). Small triangular processes (DML & VML) present at inner margins of chaetal rows. Lamellae of posterior fragment (Fig. 1 G) (syntype, 21 chaetiger pf) much reduced, initially still fairly broad and basally constricted around 20 chaetigers from pygidium, reducing to cirriform. Abdominal chaetae (Figs 1 J–L) tridentate hooded hooks of similar size, superior two fangs parallel, above main fang. Hooks in two groups in each ramus, main fangs vis–à–vis; group at the inner margins of chaetal rows with around twice number of chaetae (Fig. 2 K). Initially around 10–14 hooks per rami, decreasing to approximately 8–10 hooks per rami on posterior fragment. Paired anteriorly open pouches between chaetigers 11 and 12 (Σ configuration of Fiege et al. 2000 —see discussion), well–developed, large membrane, often extruded, bounded between two cuticular flaps. Unpaired posteriorly open pouches (C configuration of Fiege et al. 2000 —see discussion) present in posterior abdomen, generally on alternate chaetigers. Pouches differing from previously described C configuration pouches, often quite large, more expanded both dorsally and ventrally, often convoluted. On longest observed syntype (53 chaetiger af) pouches observed on 11, 16L, 18 R, 20 L, 21 R, 23 L, 25 R, 27 L, 29 R, 31 L, 32 R, 34 L, 36 R, 38 L, 40 R, 43 L, 44 R, 45 L, 47 R, 49 L, 50 L, 51 R, 52 L; exact position of pouches often difficult to discern due to condition of material. On this specimen, unpaired anteriorly open pouches observed on chaetigers 16 L, 18 R, 20 L, 21 R, 25 R, differing from the paired pouches seen between chaetigers 11 and 12 and more closely resembling the posteriorly open pouches of later chaetigers. On other syntype material where pouches could be observed, all pouches after the initial pair, open posteriorly. Posteriorly open pouches observed on posterior fragment (14 th & 17 th chaetiger from pygidium). No anal cirri observed on posterior fragment (Fig. 1 G), although Gravier originally described two short sub–terminal anal cirri as present. Several fragments (1.8 mm fragment for 4 chaetigers, 14 mm (aprox.) fragment for 40 chaetigers) ovigerous, eggs appearing to be compartmentalized and associated with ‘pouches’ (Fig. 4). These structures are similar to posteriorly open pouches as seen on anterior fragments, and there appears on several to be an ‘opening’. However, the poor condition of these fragments makes it difficult to ascertain whether these are pouches, or whether they are simply ‘swellings’ of the body wall where the epidermis has split. The larger of the two fragments also contains several different sizes of eggs. Due to the condition of the specimens, nothing more can be interpreted from them. No eggs observed in anterior fragments. Colour. The colouration originally described by Gravier was pale pink in the anterior, with a brownish posterior. He noted brown pigmentation on the palps, which increased towards the distal tip, and dark tinted band outside and in immediate contact with the external row of papillae. This pigmentation has been lost in the preserved material, which is now generally pale, with light brown/yellow colouration. Staining with methyl green shows no clear pattern, but an overall diffuse stain. However, after staining, when much of the stain has dissipated, green speckled areas associated with the ventral swellings can be observed as well as, a parallel longitudinal stripe either side of the mid–dorsal line in thorax (at the level of the superior processes), strong particularly between chaetigers 1–4. Some staining evident abdominally between the parapodia. Habitat. Type specimens found in sand, at low tide at Obock. Also recorded in sand, intertidally from the Red Sea: Na’ma Bay, Israel (Amoureux 1983: 737–738, Table 1, fig. 7, specimens unavailable for verification). Other specimens identified as M. papillicornis in the same study have been shown to be M. obockensis, see below). Remarks. Several features observed differ from those of the original description of this species, in particular, the bilobed nature of the lamellae of the thorax. Gravier (1906: fig. 327) described and drew the 7 th chaetiger, however, both the description and drawings differ from the observed syntype material. The bilobed lamellae are particularly delicate, and are prone to splitting along the junction between the two lamellar regions. As a consequence, many of the specimens have lost the distal portion of these lamellae, making a complete set of drawings from one specimen difficult. It is entirely possible that his figure was drawn from a parapodium in which the lamella was incomplete, or drawn from a parapodium in the anterior thorax. Gravier also stated that dorsal cirri, above the lamellae, were not present on the 1 st or the 9 th chaetigers. Small superior prechaetal processes (DML) have been observed to be present on these chaetigers within the syntype material. However, these are small, especially on chaetiger 9, and maybe obscured or sometimes missing? Magelona obockensis belongs to the ‘ Magelona mirabilis group’ of species, all having a prostomium lacking frontal horns, and possessing spatulate chaetae on the chaetiger 9. Members of this group are: M. mirabilis (Johnston, 1865), M. johnstoni Fiege, Licher & Mackie, 2000, M. crenulata Bolívar & Lana, 1986, M. pitelkai Hartman, 1944, M. sacculata Hartman, 1961, M. riojai Jones, 1963, M. conversa Mortimer & Mackie, 2003, M. pectinata Nateewathana & Hylleberg, 1991, M. sachalinensis Buzhinskaja, 1985, and two unnamed species (M. sp. A and M. sp. B) from the Gulf of Mexico (Uebelacker & Jones 1984). A further two species, M. heteropoda and M. tinae will be discussed further (see below). Magelona obockensis differs from M. conversa, M. sachalinensis and M. sp. A in possessing tridentate and not bidentate hooded hooks. It differs from M. pectinata, M. riojai, M. sacculata and M. mirabilis in possessing hooded hooks in two groups vis–à–vis, and not one unidirectional facing group. This is assumed from the drawings in M. pectinata as it was not stated, however M. pectinata further differs in possessing pectinate processes on the upper edges of the thoracic postchaetal lamellae rather than crenulated. It differs from M. pitelkai (see Jones 1978) and M. johnstoni in possessing bilobed notopodial lamellae of the posterior thorax. Magelona obockensis shares similarities with M. crenulata and M. sp. B in the shape of the thoracic lamellae (see Bolívar & Lana 1986, fig. 44; Uebelacker & Jones 1984, fig. 7 – 4). However, both differ in possessing both postchaetal and ventral neuropodial lamellae in the thorax. Magelona papillicornis, originally described from Brazil was reported as being present in the Red Sea by Amoureux (1983). A single specimen of M. papillicornis (MNHN A 895) labelled Na’ama Bay (22 nd July 1979) Sinaï Golfe d’Aqaba, was borrowed from the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Amoureux described finding two specimens of M. papillicornis from Na’ama Bay, although only one specimen was present in this museum vial. However, the location details of this specimen agree well with those recorded, and is herein considered as that described by Amoureux. Detailed examination of this specimen shows that it is actually M. obockensis and shows no similarity with M. papillicornis F. Müller as redescribed by Jones (1977). Unfortunately, the specimens which Amoureux identified as M. obockensis could not be located for cross–comparison.Published as part of Mortimer, Kate, 2010, Magelonidae (Polychaeta) from the Arabian Peninsula: a review of known species, with notes on Magelona tinae from Thailand, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 2628 on pages 2-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19826
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