243,850 research outputs found
Stalinist geneticis: The constitutional rhetoric of T. D. Lysenko
No full textThis study focuses on the constitutional rhetoric of T. D. Lysenko, the founder of an agrobiological doctrine (Lysenkoism) in the Stalinist Soviet Union. As the result of using not only scientific, but also political and ideological arguments, the Lysenkoists achieved an official ban on Mendelian genetics in the Soviet Union. Though the ban was brief and Lysenkoism as a leading biological doctrine was eventually deposed in favor of Mendelianism, today Lysenkoism remains a paradigmatic example of the pernicious political interference in science.
My critical orientation in reading Lysenko's two major speeches is constitutional rhetoric. It combines Kenneth Burke's dialectic of constitutions, on the one hand, and rhetoric of the subject, on the other. My analysis shows that (1) Lysenko had to constitute his science against an enemy (Mendelism); (2) the Lysenkoist constitution depended on its context, but also on the arbitrary wishes of Lysenko and his followers; and (3) this constitution rhetorically invented its audience and got the people it addressed to identify with this invention. I also show that Lysenko's constitutional rhetoric created a space where scientific terms transformed into political and ideological ones, and vice versa. Contrary to Lysenko's intentions, his language also gave his opponents, Soviet Mendelians, grounds on which to defend their science and criticize Lysenkoism.
This study of Lysenko's constitutional rhetoric contributes to a better understanding of modern science. I argue for a blurriness of the boundaries between what is scientific and political in the discourse of contemporary scientific controversies. I also argue that scientific language reveals more plasticity and capability to adapt to the political situation than has hitherto been assumed
Comparative Analysis of Sports Club Management Models
Get PDFLysenko I. Comparative Analysis of Sports Club Management Models. American Journal of Engineering and Technology Management. 2025. DOI:10.11648/j.ajetm.20251002.12The article explores contemporary models of sports club management functioning in different countries. It defines the essence of
the Anglo-American, German, community-based, mixed, and franchising models. A comparative analysis is conducted based on
ownership, objectives, funding sources, fan participation, and club autonomy. Conclusions are drawn regarding the applicability
of the models within the Ukrainian context
From<i>Partiinost'</i>to<i>Nauchnost'</i>and Not Quite Back Again: Revisiting the Lessons of the Lysenko Affair
No full textStalin's support for Trofim Lysenko in the late 1940s has come to exemplify Stalinist science and the deleterious effects of gross political intervention in scientific affairs. In this article, Ethan Pollock turns our attention to the harsh criticism of Lysenko that occurred in the Central Committee in the last years of Stalin's life and situates that criticism within a broader move in Soviet ideology towardnauchnost'or scientific truthfulness. In the later 1950s nauchnost' grew even stronger in nearly every other field of science. Still, Lysenko prolonged his hold on power in Soviet agricultural science as Nikita Khrushchev attempted to reassert the importance ofpartiinost’or partymindedness. Lysenko's promises of great agricultural rewards and plans to radically transform nature were only fully rejected by the party when Khrushchev himself was removed from office.</jats:p
Heredity and Its Variability
No full textLysenko, T. Heredity and its variability, 1945
The classic of Stalinist aberrant genetic theory, horticulturist Lysenko rejected orthodox genetics in favor of the theories of those of the Russian horticulturist I. V. Michurin. Among his theories were that wheat raised under certain conditions produce seeds of rye and that theoretical biology must be fused with Soviet agricultural practice. He was the total autocrat of Soviet biology from 1948 through 1953, and believed that through inherited characteristics Stalinism would create a \u27new man\u27. Lysenko held that heredity can be changed by husbandry, a theory that had disastrous impact on Soviet agriculture. He was dismissed from his post as director of the Soviet Institute of Genetics.
See also Lysenkoism Against Genetics: The Meeting of the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences of August 1948, Its Background, Causes, and Aftermath
Translated from the Russian by Theodosius Dobzhanskyhttps://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/pamphlets-offprints-and-reprints/1114/thumbnail.jp
Study of the processes of carbonization and oxidation of porous silicon by Raman and IR spectroscopy
No full textImpedance spectroscopy of single graphene layer at gas adsorption
No full textImpedance spectroscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy were applied for analysis of single graphene layer. Despite that Raman spectra showed the high quality of studied layers (ratio of intensities of the D and G peaks ID/IG is better than <0.01), two semicircles on the Nyquist curve of the Ni-graphene-Ni structure suggest the existence of inhomogeneous regions. Exposure in ethanol and acetone vapors by different degrees affects the reactive and active resistance of graphene film. Moreover, the dynamic response behavior of impedance differs in the vapor of ethanol, acetone, and phenol. It ensures that impedance spectroscopy of graphene is a useful tool for detection of different gases
La polémica en la biología del siglo xx N. I. Vavílov y T. D. Lysenko
Get PDFA brief history and interpretation of one of the most important polemics in the XX Century Biology is presented: the Vavílov-Lysenko Controversy, in the then (1935-48) Soviet Union, and it is reflected how Lysenko was imposing his points of view, despite not having scientific support. The development of the discussions on Genetics in the USSR between 1936 and 1939 is described and the philosophical conceptions of both characters are analyzed and how this finally led to the infamous VASKHNIL Session of 1948. The consequences of this session on the Biology of the USSR are described. The aim of the work is to provide researchers with a tool to know and analyze interesting, sometimes dramatic, stages of the History of Science, in whose mirror they may be reflected.Se presenta una breve historia e interpretación de una de las polémicas más importantes en la biología del siglo xx: la polémica Vavílov-Lysenko, en la entonces (1935-1948) Unión Soviética, y se refleja cómo Lysenko fue imponiendo sus puntos de vista, pese a no contar con soporte científico. Se describe el desarrollo de las discusiones sobre genética en la URSS entre los años 1936 y 1939 y se analizan las concepciones filosóficas de ambos personajes y cómo esto, finalmente, condujo a la tristemente célebre sesión de VASKHNIL (siglas de la Academia de Ciencias Agrícolas), de 1948. Se describe las consecuencias de esta sesión para la biología de la URSS. El trabajo tiene por objetivo poner a disposición de los investigadores una herramienta para conocer y analizar etapas interesantes, a veces dramáticas, de la historia de la ciencia, en cuyo espejo es posible que se encuentren reflejados
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Les biblioteques universitàries i el suport a la recerca
Get PDFThe European Higher Education Area and the European Research Area are currently two key objectives for university learning, teaching and research in all European universities. University libraries must meet the challenges by offering the best library services to the academic community. In drafting the second strategic plan, Rebiun (Network of University Libraries) gathered comments and suggestions from professionals in Spanish university libraries. This article presents the reflections and suggestions contributed by the author regarding the support services that university libraries could offer for university research.L'espai europeu d'educació superior i l'espai europeu d'investigació són actualment dos objectius clau per a l'aprenentatge, la docència i la recerca de totes les universitats europees. Les biblioteques universitàries han de contribuir a aquests reptes, oferint els millors serveis bibliotecaris a la comunitat acadèmica. En la fase d'elaboració del seu segon Pla estratègic, la REBIUN (Red de Bibliotecas Universtarias) va recollir reflexions i suggeriments de diferents professionals de les biblioteques universitàries de l'Estat espanyol. En l¿article següent es presenten les reflexions i els suggeriments aportats per l'autora sobre el suport que les biblioteques universitàries poden oferir a la recerca universitària
Mykola Lysenko's sonata in A minor, op.16: a discussion of musical elements and companion recording
No full textAccess to thesis restricted until 05/2022.Mykola Lysenko (1842−1912) is recognized as a founding figure of Ukrainian classical
music. In 1875, he wrote the Sonata in A minor, Op. 16. This study, complements and expands
the author’s recording of the Sonata in A minor by providing a theoretical analysis of the piece.
Its findings argue that Lysenko used Classical form to present Ukrainian folk elements in the
Sonata in A minor, Op. 16 to create a distinct sound. The study is divided into three chapters.
Chapter 1 introduces the study by outlining the historical context in which Lysenko wrote the
Sonata in A minor, Op. 16, followed by a literature review and summary of the study’s goals. In
Chapter 2, I analyze the work to show how Lysenko composed in the Classical genre and uses
Classical structure to organize this piece. Chapter 3 applies Yakov Soroker’s framework for
understanding musical motives found in Ukrainian music to show how the Sonata in A minor,
Op. 16 syncretizes Ukrainian folk elements with Classical form. In sum, my investigation finds
Lysenko integrated Ukrainian motives in the work, thus creating a nationalistic expression within
the piece. The study complements the author’s recording of Sonata in A minor, Op. 16,
completed in partial fulfillment of the Doctor of Arts degree.Thesis (D.A.
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