263,738 research outputs found
From<i>Partiinost'</i>to<i>Nauchnost'</i>and Not Quite Back Again: Revisiting the Lessons of the Lysenko Affair
No full textStalin's support for Trofim Lysenko in the late 1940s has come to exemplify Stalinist science and the deleterious effects of gross political intervention in scientific affairs. In this article, Ethan Pollock turns our attention to the harsh criticism of Lysenko that occurred in the Central Committee in the last years of Stalin's life and situates that criticism within a broader move in Soviet ideology towardnauchnost'or scientific truthfulness. In the later 1950s nauchnost' grew even stronger in nearly every other field of science. Still, Lysenko prolonged his hold on power in Soviet agricultural science as Nikita Khrushchev attempted to reassert the importance ofpartiinost’or partymindedness. Lysenko's promises of great agricultural rewards and plans to radically transform nature were only fully rejected by the party when Khrushchev himself was removed from office.</jats:p
Comparative Analysis of Sports Club Management Models
No full textLysenko I. Comparative Analysis of Sports Club Management Models. American Journal of Engineering and Technology Management. 2025. DOI:10.11648/j.ajetm.20251002.12The article explores contemporary models of sports club management functioning in different countries. It defines the essence of
the Anglo-American, German, community-based, mixed, and franchising models. A comparative analysis is conducted based on
ownership, objectives, funding sources, fan participation, and club autonomy. Conclusions are drawn regarding the applicability
of the models within the Ukrainian context
Heredity and Its Variability
No full textLysenko, T. Heredity and its variability, 1945
The classic of Stalinist aberrant genetic theory, horticulturist Lysenko rejected orthodox genetics in favor of the theories of those of the Russian horticulturist I. V. Michurin. Among his theories were that wheat raised under certain conditions produce seeds of rye and that theoretical biology must be fused with Soviet agricultural practice. He was the total autocrat of Soviet biology from 1948 through 1953, and believed that through inherited characteristics Stalinism would create a \u27new man\u27. Lysenko held that heredity can be changed by husbandry, a theory that had disastrous impact on Soviet agriculture. He was dismissed from his post as director of the Soviet Institute of Genetics.
See also Lysenkoism Against Genetics: The Meeting of the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences of August 1948, Its Background, Causes, and Aftermath
Translated from the Russian by Theodosius Dobzhanskyhttps://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/pamphlets-offprints-and-reprints/1114/thumbnail.jp
Stalinist geneticis: The constitutional rhetoric of T. D. Lysenko
No full textThis study focuses on the constitutional rhetoric of T. D. Lysenko, the founder of an agrobiological doctrine (Lysenkoism) in the Stalinist Soviet Union. As the result of using not only scientific, but also political and ideological arguments, the Lysenkoists achieved an official ban on Mendelian genetics in the Soviet Union. Though the ban was brief and Lysenkoism as a leading biological doctrine was eventually deposed in favor of Mendelianism, today Lysenkoism remains a paradigmatic example of the pernicious political interference in science.
My critical orientation in reading Lysenko's two major speeches is constitutional rhetoric. It combines Kenneth Burke's dialectic of constitutions, on the one hand, and rhetoric of the subject, on the other. My analysis shows that (1) Lysenko had to constitute his science against an enemy (Mendelism); (2) the Lysenkoist constitution depended on its context, but also on the arbitrary wishes of Lysenko and his followers; and (3) this constitution rhetorically invented its audience and got the people it addressed to identify with this invention. I also show that Lysenko's constitutional rhetoric created a space where scientific terms transformed into political and ideological ones, and vice versa. Contrary to Lysenko's intentions, his language also gave his opponents, Soviet Mendelians, grounds on which to defend their science and criticize Lysenkoism.
This study of Lysenko's constitutional rhetoric contributes to a better understanding of modern science. I argue for a blurriness of the boundaries between what is scientific and political in the discourse of contemporary scientific controversies. I also argue that scientific language reveals more plasticity and capability to adapt to the political situation than has hitherto been assumed
La polémica en la biología del siglo xx N. I. Vavílov y T. D. Lysenko
No full textA brief history and interpretation of one of the most important polemics in the XX Century Biology is presented: the Vavílov-Lysenko Controversy, in the then (1935-48) Soviet Union, and it is reflected how Lysenko was imposing his points of view, despite not having scientific support. The development of the discussions on Genetics in the USSR between 1936 and 1939 is described and the philosophical conceptions of both characters are analyzed and how this finally led to the infamous VASKHNIL Session of 1948. The consequences of this session on the Biology of the USSR are described. The aim of the work is to provide researchers with a tool to know and analyze interesting, sometimes dramatic, stages of the History of Science, in whose mirror they may be reflected.Se presenta una breve historia e interpretación de una de las polémicas más importantes en la biología del siglo xx: la polémica Vavílov-Lysenko, en la entonces (1935-1948) Unión Soviética, y se refleja cómo Lysenko fue imponiendo sus puntos de vista, pese a no contar con soporte científico. Se describe el desarrollo de las discusiones sobre genética en la URSS entre los años 1936 y 1939 y se analizan las concepciones filosóficas de ambos personajes y cómo esto, finalmente, condujo a la tristemente célebre sesión de VASKHNIL (siglas de la Academia de Ciencias Agrícolas), de 1948. Se describe las consecuencias de esta sesión para la biología de la URSS. El trabajo tiene por objetivo poner a disposición de los investigadores una herramienta para conocer y analizar etapas interesantes, a veces dramáticas, de la historia de la ciencia, en cuyo espejo es posible que se encuentren reflejados
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Zobellia amurskyensis Nedashkovskaya, Suzuki, Vancanneyt, Cleenwerck, Lysenko, Mikhailov & Swings, 2004, sp. nov.
No full textDescription of Zobellia amurskyensis sp. nov. Zobellia amurskyensis (a.mur.sky.en9sis. N.L. fem. adj. amurskyensis of Amursky Bay, in which the type strain was isolated). Cells range from 0·4 to 0·5 µm in width and from 1·2 to 1·4 µm in length. On marine agar, colonies are 2–4 mm in diameter, circular, shiny with entire edges, pigmented dark orange and sunken in the agar. Growth occurs at 4–32 °C, with the optimum at 23–25 °C, and at 1–6 % NaCl, with the optimum at 2 % NaCl. Decomposes agar, gelatin, starch, alginate, DNA, Tween 20 and Tween 80. Does not hydrolyse casein, cellulose (CM-cellulose and filter paper), chitin or Tween 40. Forms acid from D-glucose, L-fucose, D-maltose, L-rhamnose and D-sucrose, but not from L-arabinose, Dcellobiose, D-galactose, D-lactose, D-melibiose, L-sorbose, Lraffinose, DL-xylose, N -acetylglucosamine, citrate, adonitol, dulcitol, glycerol, inositol or mannitol. Utilizes L-arabinose, D-lactose, D-mannose and mannitol, but not inositol, sorbitol, malonate or citrate. Nitrate is reduced. H2S, indole and acetoin (Voges–Proskauer reaction) are not produced. Susceptible to carbenicillin, lincomycin, oleandomycin and streptomycin, but resistant to ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, polymyxin B and tetracycline. The predominant fatty acids are 15: 0 (14·4 %), i15: 0 (22·5 %), i15: 0 3 -OH (4·6 %), i15: 1 (10·4 %) and i17: 0 3 -OH (15·1 %). The major lipoquinone is MK-6. The G+C content of the DNA is 37·1 mol%. The type strain is KMM 3526T (= LMG 22069T = CCUG 47080T). Isolated from sea water.Published as part of Olga I. Nedashkovskaya, Makoto Suzuki, Marc Vancanneyt, Ilse Cleenwerck, Anatoly M. Lysenko, Valery V. Mikhailov & Jean Swings, 2004, Zobellia amurskyensis sp. nov., Zobellia laminariae sp. nov. and Zobellia russellii sp. nov., novel marine bacteria of the family Flavobacteriaceae, pp. 1643-1648 in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54 on page 1647, DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63091-
The works of Mykola Lysenko in Galina Lewicka’s performing and journalistic activity
No full textThe article analyses the achievements of Galina Lewicka (1901–1949) in the fields of piano performance and journalism. She promoted the artistic output of Mykola Lysenko (1842–1912) – a Ukrainian composer, teacher, pianist, conductor and folklorist. As one of the greatest Galician pianists, Lewicka took part in a series of concerts held in the years 1930–1940 to honour Lysenko, during which she performed his First rhapsody – a remarkably difficult piece created on the basis of folk dumas. In 1937, her interpretation of this work performed in Lviv was enthusiastically received by several critics. She wrote about the experience of performing the piece in the article Lysenko’s “First rhapsody.” Lewicka also performed other works written by the composer, including vocal-instrumental pieces played with the famous singer Michaił Gołyński. The pianist is also the author of a book for young people entitled Mykola Lysenko, which she published under the pseudonym of Oksana Piatygorskaya for the 100th anniversary of Lysenko’s birth, which was held in Lviv in 1942, and a review of a concert that took place in an opera theatre as part of the event. Lewicka’s promoting activity is an expression of her sincere respect for Mykola Lysenko – the founder of the Ukrainian school of composition, an activist and a patriot. The pianist’s achievements in performing drew the attention of numerous authors: Oleg Krysztalski, Tetiana Worobkewycz, Natalia Kaszkadamowa, Oksana Ditczuk and others. None of them, however, paid attention to her accomplishments in the field of promoting Lysenko’s activity and works ject. The aim of this article is, therefore, to present Lewicka’s achievements in the field of perform- ing Lysenko’s pieces and to determine the degree to which she contributed to popularizing the knowledge of the composer in Galicia.W artykule przeprowadzono analizę osiągnięć z zakresu wykonawstwa fortepianowego i działalności publicystycznej Galiny Lewickiej (1901–1949), która propagowała dorobek artystyczny Mykoły Łysenki (1842–1912) – ukraińskiego kompozytora, pedagoga, pianisty, dyrygenta i folklorysty. G. Lewicka – jako jedna z najwybitniejszych pianistek galicyjskich – w latach 1930–1940 brała udział w koncertach ku czci M. Łysenki, na których wykonywała jego Pierwszą rapsodię – utwór niezwykle trudny, stworzony w oparciu o stylizację ludowych dum. W 1937 roku jej interpretacja tego dzieła we Lwowie zdobyła entuzjastyczną ocenę kilku krytyków. Doświadczenie, które było jej udziałem w związku z wykonaniem utworu, opisała w artykule „Pierwsza rapsodia” Łysenki. G. Lewicka wykonywała też inne utwory kompozytora, między innymi wokalno-instrumentalne, wspólnie ze znanym wokalistą Mychajłem książki popularnonaukowej dla młodzieży pt. Mykoła Łysenko, którą opublikowała pod pseudonimem Oksana Piatygorskaya . Napisała ponadto artykuł o wystawie jubileuszowej z okazji 100. rocznicy urodzin M. Łysenki, obchodzonej we Lwowie w roku 1942, oraz recenzję koncertu, który odbył się w teatrze operowym z tejże okazji. Działalność propagatorska Lewickiej jest wyrazem szczerego szacunku dla Mykoły Łysenki – założyciela ukraińskiej szkoły kompozytorskiej oraz aktywnego działacza i patrioty. Osiągnięciami wykonawczymi pianistki interesowali się liczni autorzy: Oleg Krysztalski, Tetiana Worobkewycz, Natalia Kaszkadamowa, Oksana Ditczuk i inni.
Nie zwrócono jednakże uwagi na jej dorobek z zakresu popularyzowania działalności i twórczości M. Łysenki . Stąd wypływa potrzeba kompleksowego pogłębienia tego zagadnienia. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zatem wykazanie osiągnięć G. Lewickiej w zakresie wykonawstwa utworów fortepianowych M. Łysenki oraz określenie jej udziału w pogłębieniu galicyjskiej wiedzy na temat kompozytora
Protecting Animals 36: Author Witi Ihimaera
No full textIn this very special episode of Knowing Animals I am joined by beloved New Zealand author Witi Ihimaera. Witi has written many books featuring nonhuman animals. He offers us a non-colonial lens through which to think about the human/nonhuman relationship
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
