1,720,970 research outputs found
Single-centre comparative study of laparoscopic versus open right hepatectomy
No full textBackgroundExpansion of laparoscopic major hepatectomy is still limited mainly due to the well-recognised technical difficulties compared to open surgery, and doubts regarding the oncological efficiency when major resections are required.MethodsPatients undergoing open right hepatectomy (ORH) were matched with patients undergoing laparoscopic right hepatectomy (LRH) and compared for perioperative outcomes.ResultsSeventy patients were included: 36 patients underwent LRH and 34 ORH. Operative time was significantly longer for LRH (median, 300 min vs. 180 min for ORH; p?<?0.0001). Intensive care unit (median, 2 days for LRH vs. 4 days for ORH; p?<?0.0001) and postoperative length of stay (5 days for LRH vs. 9 days for ORH; p?<?0.0001) were significantly shorter for LRH. Four laparoscopic cases were converted to open surgery. No significant difference in postoperative complications and mortality was observed between LRH and ORH. Among patients with colorectal carcinoma liver metastases, R0 resection was obtained in 20/21 (95%) cases after LRH, and in 20/25 (80%) after ORH (p?=?0.198). Mid-term overall survival did not significantly differ between the laparoscopic and the open group.ConclusionsLRH can be a safe, effective, and oncologically efficient alternative to open resection in selected cases. Extensive experience in hepatic and laparoscopic surgery is required
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Effect on intracranial pressure of abdominal compartment syndrome
No full textIntroduction: Mainly clinical studies have reported the increase in intracranial pressure (ICP), during intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). Increased ICP has been reported during IAH up to 25mmHg ( intra-abdominal pressure IAP) by few experimental studies. However, there is no evidence for IAH more than 25mmHg regarding ICP, cerebral-spinal fluid pressure (CSFP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and spinal perfusion pressure (SPP). In our prospective experimental study, we investigated the effect of the IAH on the ICP, CFSP, CPP,SPP and we measured the lactate (lac) as an metabolic index of CNS ischaemia.
Materials and methods: 11 pigs have been studied. After the preparation with the placement of the catheters for pressure monitoring and sample collection, pneumoperitoneum was established with helium. Initially we created pneumoperitoneum with IAP 25mmHg for 1 h, after that we increased the IAP to 40mmHg for another 1h and finally we released the helium and decompressed the abdomen. The pressures were monitored during the experiment and cerebral-spinal fluid sample were collected. Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis.
Results: The results of IAP were the statistically significant increase of ICP (18,7mmHg to 25,4mmHg p=0,005), CSFP (13mmHg to 25mmHg p=0,007), and decrease of CPP (67,1mmHg to 54,4mmHg p=0,008), SPP (72,6mmHg to 54,4mmHg p=0,008) with elevation of the lactate (CSF) 1,5 to 2,17 p=0,011, during the phase T2 of the experiment. During T3 phase a paradoxical increase of CPP and SPP were observed, no statistically significant but above the critical level of 60mmHg and a decrease of the lactate (CSF), despite the further increase in the ICP and CSFP.
Conclusion: The results of IAH are an increase of ICP, CSFP and a decrease of CPP,SPP. The low CPP and SPP, especially below the crucial level of the 60mmHg , will develop an elevation of lactate in CSF, because of the decrease cerebral blood flow- CNS ischaemia, irrespective of the level of ICP and SPP.Εισαγωγή: Από κλινικές κυρίως μελέτες έχει αναφερθεί, ότι η αυξημένη ενδοκοιλιακή πίεση(IAP) και το σύνδρομο κοιλιακού διαμερίσματος(ACS), προκαλεί αύξηση της ενδοκράνιας πίεσης(ICP), ενώ μερικές πειραματικές μελέτες σε πειραματόζωα δείχνουν αύξηση της ICP σε συνθήκες ενδοκοιλιακής πίεσης έως 25mmHg. Ωστόσο δεν υπάρχουν δεδομένα τι γίνεται σε συνθήκες πέραν των 25mmHg τόσο στις πιέσεις ενδοκράνια(ICP)- εγκεφαλονωτιαίου υγρού(CSFP), όσο και στις πιέσεις εγκεφαλικής(CPP) και νωτιαίας αιματικής ροής(SPP).
Μέθοδος: συνολικά 11 χοίροι μελετήθηκαν στο πείραμα. Μετά τη προετοιμασία με τη τοποθέτηση καθετήρων για τη μέτρηση των πιέσεων και λήψη δειγμάτων, εφαρμόστηκε πνευμοπεριτόναιο με ήλιο, δημιουργώντας συνθήκες ενδοκοιλιακής υπέρτασης. Αρχικά εφαρμόσθηκε ενδοκοιλιακή πίεση 25mmHg, για 1 ώρα και κατόπιν ενδοκοιλιακή πίεση 40mmHg για άλλη 1 ενώ τελικά ακολούθησε αποσυμπίεση της κοιλιάς. Μετρήσεις έγιναν σε όλες τις φάσεις του πειράματος, ενώ δείγματα εγκεφαλονωτιαίου υγρού-αίματος ελήφθησαν για μέτρηση το γαλακτικού οξέως, ως δείκτης εγκεφαλικής ισχαιμίας. Μη παραμετρικές δοκιμασίες χρησιμοποιήθηκαν κατά την στατιστική ανάλυση.
Αποτελέσματα: η αύξηση της ενδοκοιλιακής πίεσης είχε ως αποτέλεσμα τη στατιστικά σημαντική αύξηση της ICP (18,7mmHg σε 25,4mmHg p=0,005) και της CSFP (13mmHg σε 25mmHg p=0,007), με ταυτόχρονη μείωση της CPP (67,10mmHg σε 54,4 mmHg p=0,008)και της SPP (72,6mmHg σε 54,4mmHg p=0,008) με αύξηση του γαλακτικού οξέως στο ΕΝΥ( 1,5 σε 2,17 p=0,011) κατά την φάση Τ2 του πειράματος, ενώ κατά την φάση Τ3 παρατηρείται παράδοξη αύξηση τόσο της CPP και της SPP μη στατιστικά σημαντικής αλλά πάνω από το κριτικό όριο των 60mmHg, με ταυτόχρονη μείωση του γαλακτικού οξέως στο ΕΝΥ, παρά τη περαιτέρω μη στατιστικά σημαντική αύξηση της ICP και CSFP.
Συμπεράσματα: Η ενδοκοιλιακή υπέρταση προκαλεί αύξηση της ICP και CSFP με συνοδό μείωση της CPP και της SPP,οι οποίες με τη σειρά τους λόγω μειωμένης αιμάτωσης του κεντρικού νευρικού συστήματος οδηγούν σε αύξηση του γαλακτικού οξέως στο ΕΝΥ, ως δείκτης ισχαιμίας, μόνο όταν μειωθούν κάτω από το κριτικό όριο των 60mmHg, ανεξαρτήτως τιμών ICP και CSFP
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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