170 research outputs found
The descent of Christ in Ephesians 4:7-11 : an exegetical investigation with special reference to the influence of traditions about Moses associated with Psalm 68:19.
No full textThis study attempts to demonstrate that the most probable interpretation of the descent of Christ in Eph. 4: 7-11 involves a descent of Christ as the Spirit who distributes gifts to his church subsequent to the ascent of Eph. 4: 8. The investigation begins with a history of the interpretation of Eph. 4: 7-11. Most modern interpreters favour either a descent to the under- world (or the grave) between Christ's death and resurrection or a descent from heaven to earth at the incarnation. Textual and grammatical problems relevant to the proposed exegesis are also discussed. A major portion of the study deals with the ascent-descent imagery associating Ps. 68: 19 (quoted in Eph. 4: 8) and Moses as found in Tg Psalms and the rabbinic literature. The author of Ephesians, had he been aware of these traditions associating Psalm 68 with Moses, would have been predisposed to think in terms of a subsequent descent, because Moses' ascent of Mt Sinai to receive the Torah was followed by his descent to distribute it as 'gifts' to men. Although it is clear that both Tg Psalms and the rabbinic literature are later than Ephesians, there is evidence from a number of early sources that such Moses-traditions were in circulation prior to the first century CE. The association of these traditions with Ps. 68: 19 as employed by the author of Ephesians appears to exist through the connection of Moses' ascent of Sinai to receive the Torah with the celebration of the Jewish feast of Pentecost on the one hand, and the Christian use of Psalm 68 in connection with Pentecost (described in Acts 2) on the other. Ps. 68: 19 was already understood to refer to the ascent of Christ and the gift of the Spirit in a layer of tradition older than Ephesians. Familiarity with the Moses-traditions connected with an ascent and descent of Sinai would have suggested a subsequent descent. Thus the author's innovation did not lie in the use of the psalm in a christological sense, nor in the introduction of a subsequent descent of Christ inferred from the ascent mentioned in Ps. 68: 19. The contribution of the author of Ephesians consisted in his identification of the ascended Christ as the Spirit who descended to distribute gifts to his church. Such an interpretation offers the best explanation of the passage in light of the evidence linking Moses-traditions of a heavenly ascent at Sinai with Pentecost and Psalm 68
Genetic characterization of Tanzanian indigenous chickens in relation to the worldwide spectrum of chicken diversity
No full textPhD ThesisPoultry production is the most dynamic sector that signified the rapid growth of all meat sectors
during the last decades (FAO. 2010). The global growth of poultry industry reflects an increase of
world meat demand and consumption (de Haan cl al.. 2001; Delego, 2003; Delgado el al., 2008;
Narrod ci al.. 2008; Trost le and Seeley. 2013; FAO 2014). Among the poultry species, chickens are
the humankind’s most common and widespread birds. Chicken meat represents 88% of poultry meat
output (Global Poultry Trends. 2014). Although the demand of chicken products has increased
tremendously due to not only the fast growth of world population but also the increase of per capita
global consumption of meal, nearly one third of chicken breeds are reported to be at risk of
extinction (Pym. 2010). This is alarming and thereby calls for an assessment of the existing genetic
resources, because many of the varieties which arc at risk may have trails that can be valuable in
future environmental challenges and marketing demands. Genetic variability in chickens is the best
insurance for the adaptation and sustainable production for the future unpredictable needs (Simianer
and Meyer. 2003). One of the important elements concerning sustainable use of animal genetic
resources is to ensure that locally adapted populations remain a functional part of production
systems.
Indigenous chickens are among the essential local assets of poor people living mainly in rural areas
in Africa, and who make up between 65% and 80% of the total population in sub-Saharan Africa
(Ndegwa et al, 2000). In sub-Saharan z\frica. 85% of all households keep chicken under free-range
system, with women owning 70% of these birds (Sonaiya et al., 2004; Abubakar et al.. 2007). In
Tanzania, which is one of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa about 80% of the human population
lives in the rural area where majority of the indigenous chicken arc kept. Since village chickens play
numerous important roles in the rural households and village social welfares in Tanzania, efforts
towards populations’ characterizations, improvements, proper utilisation and conservation of the
existing chicken genetic resources should be made.
'The general objective of this study is to assess the genetic characterization of Tanzanian indigenous
chickens in relation to the worldwide spectrum of chicken diversity. The specific objectives were to:
(>) Investigate the maternal lineages and genetic diversity of Tanzanian indigenous chicken
(ii) Investigate the genealogical patterns of chicken breeds sampled in Europe
(Hi) Evaluate global diversity and genetic contributions of chicken populations from African,
Asian and European regions
Key words: Farm animal genetic resources. Global chicken diversity. Chicken population structure.
Genetic contribution, Tanzanian indigenous chickens, Microsatellite markers.
Mitochondrial DNA. Nucleotide diversity. Haplotype diversity. Phenotypic traits
xvIn the first objective of this study (Chapter 2), the genetic diversity and maternal lineages of five
Tanzanian indigenous chickens (Chiny'wekwe. Kuchi. Moroyoro-mcdium, Pemba and Unyuja) were
examined. Phenotypic measurements and blood samples were collected in 1% individual chickens
from eight regions of Eastern Zone. Central Zone. Lake Zone and Zanzibar islands. A principal
component analysis of morphological measurements distinguished individuals most by body sizes
and body weight. Moroyoro Medium, Pemba and Unyuja were grouped together, while Chiny'wekwe
stood out because of their disproportionate short shanks and ulna bones. Kuchi formed an
independent group owing to their comparably long body sizes. Individual chickens were genolyped
at 29 microsatellile loci. 28 of them taken from the 30 that have been suggested for biodiversity
studies in chickens. From molecular genetic marker analyses, the expected (0.62±0.028) and
observed (0.62±0.017) heterozygosity estimates in Tanzanian indigenous chickens, were more or less
similar with other African chicken populations. Genetical differentiation between Tanzanian chicken
ecotypes (F\r 0.048) was found to be smaller than between commercial chicken lines. Both
STRUCTURE analysis and phylogenetic neighbour-net revealed three clusters of Tanzanian chicken
populations. These clusters comprised i) Moroyoro-mcdium and Chiny ’uv.(uv from Eastern and
Central Zones ii) Unyuja and Pemba from Zanzibar Islands and iii) Kuchi from Lake Zone regions,
which formed an independent cluster. Sequence polymorphism of D-loop region was analyzed to
disclose the likely maternal origin of Tanzanian chickens. According to Liu et al., (2006) reference
mtDNA haplotypes, the Tanzanian chickens that were sampled encompass two haplogroups of
different genealogical origin. The haplotype network analysis indicates that Tanzanian chickens
probably originated from the Indian subcontinent and from Southeast Asia.
In the second study (Chapter 3). sequencing data of455bp fragment size of the control region (D-
loop) in the mitochondrial genome was studied in 1256 individuals collected from 55 European
chicken breeds. The 55 chicken breeds studied were categorized into six groups according to their
historical background; Mediterranean type. East European type, Northwest European type, breeds
based on introgression of Asian breeds into European breeds during their foundation 100 to 150
years ago (Intermediate types and Game birds), and breeds with recent Asian origin (Asian type).
Median-joining networks were constructed to establish the evolutionary relationships based on the
classification of haplotypes given by Liu et al. (2006) nomenclature. From the Median-joining
network, haplogroup E was the predominant clade among the European chicken breeds. Genetic
variation was assessed within breed categories using DnaSP v.5.10.01 program. Wide ranges of
haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity in European chickens (0.442 < II < 0.761 and 0.0030 < it
< 0.0104 respectively) suggest that European breeds have relative high genetic variation between
them. High average haplotype number, haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were observed
for Asian type breeds followed by intermediate type. East European and Northwest European breeds
have lower haplotype and nucleotide diversity compared to Mediterranean type, intermediate type.
Game bird, and Asian type breeds. This study revealed that haplogroup of Clade E are predominant
xviin European breeds, and might have their roots mainly from the Indian subcontinent and some shown
to have traces from East Asia.
In the third study (Chapter 4). global genetic diversity and genetic contributions of chicken
populations from African. Asian and European regions were investigated by using multilocus
microsatellitc genotypes. A total of 3314 individuals from 113 chicken populations, which were
sampled in different geographical regions, climatic conditions and population management were
assessed using 29 autosomal microsatellitc loci for estimating diversity and genetic contributions.
The set of populations studied included 101 local populations with the breed history from three
continents of Africa. Asia and Europe. Three populations of red and nine commercial purebred lines
were included and used as reference populations in the analyses. The mean number of alleles per
locus and population was higher in African (5.2010.17) and Asian chickens (5.1210.16), than in
European breeds (3.2010.11) and commercial lines (3.2810.26). Higher estimates of expected
hetcrozAgosily were calculated for African (0.60410.016) and Asian (0.60310.015) chickens
compared to European (0.45510.011) and commercial (0.45310.026) breeds. Traditional farming
system in Africa of free-range management may have contributed to this higher genetic variation
within the population. African and Asian chickens showed lower genetic differentiation (l-\r
0.10810.004 and 0.12010.005, respectively) compared to European and commercial breeds
(0.32010.011 and 0.32710.022, respectively). The wider variation in diversity between European
chicken populations is to some degree related to a varying degree of population sizes and isolation.
NcighbourNet phylogenetic network based on a kinship distances of 113 chicken populations
revealed two main clusters of Asian and Northwestern European breeds at opposite ends of
geographical representation. African populations were clustered with breeds from Eastern Europe,
and Mediterranean regions. Broilers and Brown egg layers in between of these two main clusters.
Among the commercial breeds. White egg layers were clustered with Northwestern European
chickens. Red junglcfowl populations provide a high contribution (0.019) in the optimal core set,
followed by Asian chicken populations (0.0115). On average, European chicken population
contributed least to the core set (0.007), whereas the average contributions of commercial line
(0.009) is very similar to that of African chicken populations (0.009). Higher genetic differentiation
and low genetic contributions have been observed in European breeds.
In general. Tanzania chickens are as highly diverse as other African chicken ecotypes. In terms of
genetic compositions. Tanzania village chickens have the admixture of genetic material that is found
in Asian and European chicken populations. However, the current efforts for improving productivity
and disease resistance of Tanzania village chickens should go along with conservation efforts and
Smallholder farmers’ empowerment in rural areas in operating small-scale chicken breeding while
retaining the diversity would help in implementing the conservation of chicken genetic resources.
This study can potentially contribute to generating information on population structure and genetic
diversity of the Tanzanian indigenous chickens, with regard to the appropriate utilization and
conservation efforts of the existing chicken genetic resources.The Germany Academic Exchange (DAAD) and Tanzania Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEVT) through Tanzania Commission for Universities (TCU
Genetic characterization of Tanzanian indigenous chickens in relation to the worldwide spectrum of chicken diversity
No full textPoultry production is the most dynamic sector that signified the rapid growth of all meat sectors during the last decades (FAO, 2010). The global growth of poultry industry reflects an increase of world meat demand and consumption (de Haan et al., 2001; Delego, 2003; Delgado et al., 2008; Narrod et al., 2008; Trostle and Seeley, 2013; FAO 2014). Among the poultry species, chickens are the humankind’s most common and widespread birds. Chicken meat represents 88% of poultry meat output (Global Poultry Trends, 2014). Although the demand of chicken products has increased tremendously due to not only the fast growth of world population but also the increase of per capita global consumption of meat, nearly one third of chicken breeds are reported to be at risk of extinction (Pym, 2010). This is alarming and thereby calls for an assessment of the existing genetic resources, because many of the varieties which are at risk may have traits that can be valuable in future environmental challenges and marketing demands. Genetic variability in chickens is the best insurance for the adaptation and sustainable production for the future unpredictable needs (Simianer and Meyer, 2003). One of the important elements concerning sustainable use of animal genetic resources is to ensure that locally adapted populations remain a functional part of production systems
The biune Corpus-Christi /
No full textThe purpose of this booklet is the renewal and better understanding of the Christ Mysteries.Mode of access: Internet.U.W. copy signed by Charles Moses, occult researcher, with his annotations
Phædon; or, The death of Socrates. By Moses Mendelssohn, a jew, late of Berlin. Translated from the German [electronic resource].
No full textTranslated by Charles Cullen.With a half-title.Electronic reproduction.English Short Title Catalog,Reproduction of original from British Library
A Vietnamese Moses
No full textA Vietnamese Moses is the story of Philiphê Bình, a Vietnamese Catholic priest who in 1796 traveled from Tonkin to the Portuguese court in Lisbon to persuade its ruler to appoint a bishop for his community of ex-Jesuits. Based on Bình’s surviving writings from his thirty-seven-year exile in Portugal, this book examines how the intersections of global and local Roman Catholic geographies shaped the lives of Vietnamese Christians in the early modern era. The book also argues that Bình’s mission to Portugal and his intense lobbying on behalf of his community reflected the agency of Vietnamese Catholics, who vigorously engaged with church politics in defense of their distinctive Portuguese-Catholic heritage. George E. Dutton demonstrates the ways in which Catholic beliefs, histories, and genealogies transformed how Vietnamese thought about themselves and their place in the world. This sophisticated exploration of Vietnamese engagement with both the Catholic Church and Napoleonic Europe provides a unique perspective on the complex history of early Vietnamese Christianity. “Makes a significant contribution to a growing body of international research that brings Asian Christianity into the global domain.” -BARBARA WATSON ANDAYA, coauthor of A History of Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1400–1830 “Like the life this book traces, A Vietnamese Moses crosses borders and genres. A remarkable achievement.” -CHARLES KEITH, author of Catholic Vietnam: A Church from Empire to Nation GEORGE E. DUTTON is Professor of Vietnamese History in the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures and Director of the Center for Southeast Asian Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles
A Vietnamese Moses
No full textA Vietnamese Moses is the story of Philiphê Bình, a Vietnamese Catholic priest who in 1796 traveled from Tonkin to the Portuguese court in Lisbon to persuade its ruler to appoint a bishop for his community of ex-Jesuits. Based on Bình’s surviving writings from his thirty-seven-year exile in Portugal, this book examines how the intersections of global and local Roman Catholic geographies shaped the lives of Vietnamese Christians in the early modern era. The book also argues that Bình’s mission to Portugal and his intense lobbying on behalf of his community reflected the agency of Vietnamese Catholics, who vigorously engaged with church politics in defense of their distinctive Portuguese-Catholic heritage. George E. Dutton demonstrates the ways in which Catholic beliefs, histories, and genealogies transformed how Vietnamese thought about themselves and their place in the world. This sophisticated exploration of Vietnamese engagement with both the Catholic Church and Napoleonic Europe provides a unique perspective on the complex history of early Vietnamese Christianity. “Makes a significant contribution to a growing body of international research that brings Asian Christianity into the global domain.” -BARBARA WATSON ANDAYA, coauthor of A History of Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1400–1830 “Like the life this book traces, A Vietnamese Moses crosses borders and genres. A remarkable achievement.” -CHARLES KEITH, author of Catholic Vietnam: A Church from Empire to Nation GEORGE E. DUTTON is Professor of Vietnamese History in the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures and Director of the Center for Southeast Asian Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles
Assessing Genetic Diversity of Five Tanzanian Chicken Ecotypes Using Microsatellite Markers and Mitochondrial DNA D-loop Sequencing
No full textReturn to Sodom and Gomorrah Bible stories from archaeologists
No full textCharles Pellegrino is an acclaimed author, scientist, and adventurer who is often called the real Indiana Jones. In Return to Sodom and Gomorrah, Pellegrino takes us on a revelatory scientific adventure, telling the true story of archaeologists who retraced the steps of Moses and found important evidence to support the basis of biblical stories, including the destruction of the ancient cities of Sodom and GomorrahReturn to Sodom and Gomorrah traces the archaeological sites of the Old Testament from the Nile to the Jordan and Tigris-Euphrates rivers. This is the first book ever to bring archaeologists, scientists, and theologians together to look at the same evidence, and the most fascinating surprise in the end is how closely they all agree with one anothe
Gertrude Stein's Lively Habits
No full textThis essay examines biological discourses alongside literary and philosophical discussions on the concept of habit from author Gertrude Stein. This was aimed at demonstrating the nonexclusivity of scientific models and using humanistic frameworks in recontextualing habit. Works of Stein were featured to highlight Charles Darwin's views on contemporary biological discourses and sociopolitical ones. The author placed emphasis on the continuum between biology and culture in Stein's writings, which oppose biological essentialism and social constructivism
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