197 research outputs found
Die politische Religion : Eine Untersuchung über den Ursprung des Verfalls in der Geschichte (1935). Herausgegeben und eingeleitet von Rainer Hering
No full textDer vierte Band der "Hamburger Historischen Forschungen" umfasst in erster Linie die Edition eines unveröffentlichten Textes. Autor ist der Theologe Prof. Dr. Dr. Paul Schütz (1891–1985), der von 1940 bis 1952 Hauptpastor an der Hamburger Hauptkirche St. Nikolai war und zugleich als hauptamtlicher Dozent und später als Professor der Theologie an der Kirchlichen Hochschule Hamburg lehrte. Er gehört zu den ersten, die ein Konzept der politischen Religion entwickelten. Sein 1935 verfasster Beitrag konnte damals nicht publiziert werden.
Heute ist eine Edition dieses Beitrages zum einen wichtig für die Theologie- und Kirchengeschichte. Zum anderen gibt es seit einigen Jahren in der historischen Forschung eine intensive Diskussion über die in den Dreißigerjahren des 20. Jahrhunderts entwickelte Interpretation des „Dritten Reiches“ als „politische Religion“. Dieses Modell, das Diktaturen, insbesondere den Nationalsozialismus, als „politische Religion“ versteht, wird im Allgemeinen Eric Voegelin und Raymond Aron zugeschrieben, die ihre Ansätze 1938 bzw. 1939 publizierten.
Dass Paul Schütz schon drei bzw. vier Jahre zuvor eine solche Konzeption entwickelt hatte, war bis vor Kurzem nicht bekannt. Die vorliegende Edition kann daher neue Impulse für die Debatte über die Geschichte und Tragfähigkeit dieses Ansatzes geben und sie inhaltlich bereichern.The fourth volume of the series "Hamburger Historische Forschungen" comprises primarily the edition of an unpublished text. The author is the theologian Prof. Dr. Dr. Dr. Paul Schütz (1891-1985) who was the main pastor at the Hamburg Main Church St. Nikolai from 1940 to 1952. At the same time he taught as a full-time lecturer and later as professor of theology at the Church University of Hamburg. Schütz was one of the first to develop a concept of political religion. His contribution, written in 1935, could not be published at that time.
Today, an edition of this article is important for the history of theology and church history. On the other hand, for some years now there has been an intensive discussion in historical research on the interpretation of the "Third Reich" as a "political religion" developed in the 1930s. This model, which sees dictatorships, especially National Socialism, as a "political religion", is generally attributed to Eric Voegelin and Raymond Aron, who published their approaches in 1938 and 1939 respectively.
It was not known until recently that Paul Schütz had already developed such a concept three or four years earlier. The present edition can therefore provide new impetus for the debate on the history and viability of this approach and enrich its content
Effects of Circulating and Local Uteroplacental Angiotensin II in Rat Pregnancy.
No full textThe renin-angiotensin (Ang) system is important during placental development. Dysregulation of the renin-Ang system is important in preeclampsia (PE). Female rats transgenic for the human angiotensinogen gene crossed with males transgenic for the human renin gene develop the PE syndrome, whereas those of the opposite cross do not. We used this model to study the role of Ang II in trophoblast invasion, which is shallow in human PE but deeper in this model. We investigated the following groups: PE rats, opposite-cross rats, Ang II–infused rats (1000 ng/kg per day), and control rats. Ang II infusion increased only circulating Ang II levels (267.82 pg/mL), opposite cross influenced only uteroplacental Ang II (13.52 fmol/mg of protein), and PE increased both circulating (251.09 pg/mL) and uteroplacental (19.24 fmol/mg of protein) Ang II. Blood pressure and albuminuria occurred in the models with high circulating Ang II but not in the other models. Trophoblast invasion increased in PE and opposite-cross rats but not in Ang II–infused rats. Correspondingly, uterine artery resistance index increased in Ang II–infused rats but decreased in PE rats. We then studied human trophoblasts and villous explants from first-trimester pregnancies with time-lapse microscopy. Local Ang II dose-dependently increased migration by 75%, invasion by 58%, and motility by 282%. The data suggest that local tissue Ang II stimulates trophoblast invasion in vivo in the rat and in vitro in human cells, a hitherto fore unrecognized function. Conceivably, upregulation of tissue Ang II in the maternal part of the placenta represents an important growth factor for trophoblast invasion and migration
Formulação axiomática de uma política florestal: preservação das espécies arbóreas tropicais e desenvolvimento econômico
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.Este trabalho nasceu do duplo desafio de elaborar uma tecnologia de manejo da floresta tropical sem prejuízo de sua diversidade biológica original e, ao mesmo tempo, verificar sob que condições de política econômica e florestal esta tecnologia se poderia tornar economicamente viável. A tecnologia, denominada de manejo natural, foi gradativamente se cristalizando ao longo de mais de duas décadas de manejo comercial em propriedade situada na Mata Atlântica de Santa Catarina, com sua riqueza de mais de cem espécies arbóreas. Tendo sido estabelecidas determinadas normas de seleção de árvores para corte, se colocou a questão de como, formalmente, a elas se chegara. Verificou-se que as relações causais que caracterizam os conhecimentos técnico-científicos de engenharia florestal e de produção, como os organizados em modelo da dinâmica da floresta, eram somente um dos componentes de um processo decisório que culminava com o estabelecimento das regras de seleção. Com isto, o enfoque foi centrado na descrição do processo decisório em si. A formalização da sua estrutura conduziu à agregação de um componente adicional às relações causais e às normas, qual seja, o universo dos desejos individuais e dos valores sociais. O cerne formal do trabalho se constitui na formulação de uma axiomática do que se denominou uma práxis, integradora dos três componentes da estrutura de um processo decisório. Elementos da filosofia da linguagem e da lógica modal foram utilizados para se estabelecer uma forma única de expressão dos valores, das relações causais e das normas. Esta forma é a sentença intencional da filosofia continental da Europa, também denominada de propositional attitude pela filosofia inglesa. Uma vez descrito o processo decisório do manejo natural tout court, procedeu-se à sua integração ao processo decisório global de uma empresa florestal competitiva. O limitado conceito de função de produção da microeconomia neoclássica foi, inicialmente, revisto para abrigar os detalhes da engenharia da produção e, posteriormente, inserido em contexto mais amplo para coadunar o esforço de desenvolvimento da empresa e o estabelecimento de uma política florestal promotora do desenvolvimento macroeconômico. Conclui-se como Indispensável para a viabilização econômica do manejo natural o acesso ao mercado internacional de créditos de carbono, cuja institucionalização veio na esteira do Protocolo de Quioto
Organic Memory and the Perils of Perigenesis: The Helmholtz-Hering Debate
No full textThis paper will focus on a famous nineteenth century debate over the physiology of perception between Ewald Hering and Hermann von Helmholtz. This debate is often explained as a contest between empiricism (Helmholtz) and nativism (Hering) about perception. I will argue that this is only part of the picture. Hering was a pioneer of Lamarckian explanations, arguing for an early version of the biogenetic law. Hering explains physical processes, including perception, in terms of ‘organic memory’ that is supported by ‘vital forces’ located throughout the body. Helmholtz, on the other hand, argues that vital forces are in direct conflict with the results he and others proved in the 1840s and 50s on the conservation of force. The battleground of the debate was the interpretation of Johannes Müller’s ‘law of specific nerve energies’, which Hering interpreted in terms of vital forces, and Helmholtz interpreted using a naturalized neo-Kantian approach. In the end, the debate revealed deep fissures in nineteenth century accounts of scientific explanation, as well as in the conception of how physiology, psychology, physics, and philosophy are related
Organic Memory and the Perils of Perigenesis: The Helmholtz-Hering Debate
No full textThis paper will focus on a famous nineteenth century debate over the physiology of perception between Ewald Hering and Hermann von Helmholtz. This debate is often explained as a contest between empiricism (Helmholtz) and nativism (Hering) about perception. I will argue that this is only part of the picture. Hering was a pioneer of Lamarckian explanations, arguing for an early version of the biogenetic law. Hering explains physical processes, including perception, in terms of ‘organic memory’ that is supported by ‘vital forces’ located throughout the body. Helmholtz, on the other hand, argues that vital forces are in direct conflict with the results he and others proved in the 1840s and 50s on the conservation of force. The battleground of the debate was the interpretation of Johannes Müller’s ‘law of specific nerve energies’, which Hering interpreted in terms of vital forces, and Helmholtz interpreted using a naturalized neo-Kantian approach. In the end, the debate revealed deep fissures in nineteenth century accounts of scientific explanation, as well as in the conception of how physiology, psychology, physics, and philosophy are related
Inhibition of Trophoblast-Induced Spiral Artery Remodeling Reduces Placental Perfusion in Rat Pregnancy.
No full textRats harboring the human angiotensinogen and human renin genes develop preeclamptic features in pregnancy. The preeclamptic rats exhibit a deeper trophoblast invasion associated with a reduced resistance index by uterine
Doppler. Doxycycline inhibits matrix metalloproteinase activity. We tested the hypothesis that matrix metalloproteinase inhibition reduces trophoblast invasion with subsequent changes in placental perfusion. Preeclamptic and pregnant control Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with doxycycline (30 mg/kg of body weight orally) from gestational day 12 until day 18. Placental perfusion was assessed using a micromarker contrast agent. The animals were euthanized on day 18 of pregnancy; biometric data were acquired, and trophoblast invasion was analyzed. Doxycycline resulted in intrauterine growth retardation and lighter placentas in both groups. Maternal body weight was not affected. As shown earlier, preeclamptic rats exhibited a deeper endovascular trophoblast invasion. However, doxycycline treatment reduced trophoblast invasion in the preeclamptic rats. The physiological spiral artery remodeling, as assessed by the deposition of fibrinoid and α-actin in the spiral artery contour, was significantly reduced by doxycycline. The vascularity index, as assessed by perfusion measurement of the placenta, was reduced after doxycycline treatment in preeclamptic rats. Thus, matrix metalloproteinase inhibition with doxycycline leads to reduced trophoblast invasion and associated reduced placental perfusion. These studies are the first to show that reducing trophoblast-induced vascular remodeling decreases subsequent placental perfusion. Our model allows the study of dysregulated trophoblast invasion and vascular remodeling in vivo to gain important insights into preeclampsia-related mechanisms
Vorwort
No full textDer vierte Band der "Hamburger Historischen Forschungen" umfasst in erster Linie die Edition eines unveröffentlichten Textes. Autor ist der Theologe Prof. Dr. Dr. Paul Schütz (1891–1985), der von 1940 bis 1952 Hauptpastor an der Hamburger Hauptkirche St. Nikolai war und zugleich als hauptamtlicher Dozent und später als Professor der Theologie an der Kirchlichen Hochschule Hamburg lehrte. Er gehört zu den ersten, die ein Konzept der politischen Religion entwickelten. Sein 1935 verfasster Beitrag konnte damals nicht publiziert werden.
Heute ist eine Edition dieses Beitrages zum einen wichtig für die Theologie- und Kirchengeschichte. Zum anderen gibt es seit einigen Jahren in der historischen Forschung eine intensive Diskussion über die in den Dreißigerjahren des 20. Jahrhunderts entwickelte Interpretation des „Dritten Reiches“ als „politische Religion“. Dieses Modell, das Diktaturen, insbesondere den Nationalsozialismus, als „politische Religion“ versteht, wird im Allgemeinen Eric Voegelin und Raymond Aron zugeschrieben, die ihre Ansätze 1938 bzw. 1939 publizierten.
Dass Paul Schütz schon drei bzw. vier Jahre zuvor eine solche Konzeption entwickelt hatte, war bis vor Kurzem nicht bekannt. Die vorliegende Edition kann daher neue Impulse für die Debatte über die Geschichte und Tragfähigkeit dieses Ansatzes geben und sie inhaltlich bereichern.The fourth volume of the series "Hamburger Historische Forschungen" comprises primarily the edition of an unpublished text. The author is the theologian Prof. Dr. Dr. Dr. Paul Schütz (1891-1985) who was the main pastor at the Hamburg Main Church St. Nikolai from 1940 to 1952. At the same time he taught as a full-time lecturer and later as professor of theology at the Church University of Hamburg. Schütz was one of the first to develop a concept of political religion. His contribution, written in 1935, could not be published at that time.
Today, an edition of this article is important for the history of theology and church history. On the other hand, for some years now there has been an intensive discussion in historical research on the interpretation of the "Third Reich" as a "political religion" developed in the 1930s. This model, which sees dictatorships, especially National Socialism, as a "political religion", is generally attributed to Eric Voegelin and Raymond Aron, who published their approaches in 1938 and 1939 respectively.
It was not known until recently that Paul Schütz had already developed such a concept three or four years earlier. The present edition can therefore provide new impetus for the debate on the history and viability of this approach and enrich its content
Vorwort
No full textAm 13. Oktober 2000 starb der Historiker Peter Borowsky, ein "Schüler" Fritz Fischers, im Alter von 62 Jahren. Nahezu vier Jahrzehnte hat er an der Universität Hamburg gewirkt: als Student, Wissenschaftlicher Assistent, Wissenschaftlicher Oberrat und Privatdozent für Neuere und Neueste Geschichte. Im Jahre 1996 wurde ihm der Titel "Professor" verliehen; eine Professorenstelle jedoch blieb ihm verwehrt. Als Autor auflagenstarker Geschichtswerke erreichte Peter Borowsky ein großes Publikum. Die gemeinsam mit Barbara Vogel und Heide Wunder verfasste, 1975 erstmals erschienene Einführung in die Geschichtswissenschaft ist bis heute ein wissenschaftlicher "Bestseller"; Borowskys Hitler-Biographie für Jugendliche und seine Überblicksdarstellungen zur Deutschen Geschichte nach 1945 erlebten ebenfalls zahlreiche Auflagen. Der Schwerpunkt seines Wirkens aber lag in der akademischen Lehre, in der er Herausragendes leistete. Generationen von Geschichtsstudierenden wurden von ihm unterrichtet, betreut und geprägt – an der Universität Hamburg wie am Smith College, Northampton/Massachusetts, wo der Gelehrte seit 1974 regelmäßig eine Gastprofessur wahrnahm. Die Partnerschaft zwischen diesen beiden Hochschulen wurde von Peter Borowsky geradezu verkörpert. Die akademischen Gedenkveranstaltungen zu seinen Ehren – im Februar 2001 an der Universität Hamburg und im folgenden Monat am Smith College – vermittelten davon einen bewegenden Eindruck. Eine Auswahl der dort sowie zuvor bei der Trauerfeier auf dem Friedhof Nienstedten gehaltenen Reden ist in diesem Heft zusammengefasst. Zeitgleich ist am 3. Juni 2003, dem 65. Geburtstag Peter Borowskys, eine umfangreiche Gedenkschrift erschienen, deren Titel Lebendige Sozialgeschichte Borowskys Forschungsfelder inhaltlich wie methodisch andeuten und zugleich seine besondere Art, Geschichte zu vermitteln, akzentuieren soll.On October 13, 2000 the historian Peter Borowsky, a "pupil" of Fritz Fischer, died at the age of 62. He has worked at the University of Hamburg for almost four decades: as a student, research assistant, senior scientific officer and private lecturer for modern and contemporary history. In 1996, he was awarded the title of "Professor"; however, he was denied a professorship. As an author of high-circulation historical works, Peter Borowsky reached a large audience. Written jointly with Barbara Vogel and Heide Wunder, the introduction to history first published in 1975 is still a scientific "best-seller"to this day; Borowsky\u27s Hitler biography for young people and his overview of German history after 1945 also experienced numerous editions. However, the focus of his work was on academic teaching, in which he achieved outstanding results. Generations of history students were taught, supervised and shaped by him - at the University of Hamburg as well as at Smith College, Northampton/Massachusetts, where the scholar has regularly held a visiting professorship since 1974. The partnership between these two universities was embodied by Peter Borowsky. The academic commemoration ceremonies in his honour - in February 2001 at the University of Hamburg and the following month at Smith College - conveyed a moving impression. A selection of the speeches given there and previously at the funeral service at the Nienstedten cemetery is summarized in this booklet. At the same time, an extensive commemorative volume was published on June 3, 2003, the 65th anniversary of Peter Borowsky\u27s birth, the title "Lebendige Sozialgeschichte. Borowskys Forschungsfelder" (Living Social History. Borowskys Research Fields) is intended to emphasize the content and methodology of Borowsky\u27s work and at the same time to accentuate his special way of conveying history
A New Bismarckian Regime? Path Dependence and Possible Regime Shifts in Korea’s Evolving Pension System
No full textThis paper sheds light on the current state and the likely future development of Korea’s evolving pension system by analyzing it from a comparative perspective. It shows that, because of its many institutional layers, the Korean pension system could evolve into one of several different types of pension regimes: if the National Pension Scheme (NPS) were to continue to be dominant and occupational pensions continued to be marginal, a classic Bismarckian system would emerge; if the NPS were to be significantly reduced and occupational pensions were to be significantly expanded, a Bismarckian-light system would be the outcome; if other changes were to occur—such as the conversion of the basic pension into a universal, poverty-preventing pension and the partial replacement of the NPS by a mandatory personal or occupational-pension scheme—a mixed regime would emerge. The paper argues that the emergence and consolidation of a Bismarckian-style, single-pillar system is more likely than the shift to one of the variants of the multi-pillar system, such as the Bismarckian-light and the mixed regime type. Since there are many sources of path dependence that reinforce the Bismarckian path of development, a shift to a different pension regime is very difficult. For example, large accumulated entitlements and the strong redistributive role of the NPS make it difficult to reduce the public, earnings-related pension program, and significant accumulated entitlements and the important role of the severance pay scheme in company financing also make it difficult to expand occupational pensions.welfare state, pension systems, path dependence, institutional change, Korea
Phyllocnistis baccharidis Hering, Allotype 1958
No full textPhyllocnistis baccharidis Hering, 1958 Figs. 3C, 4C, 5, S1; Tab. 2 Phyllocnistis baccharidis; Hering 1958: 308 –310, figs. 11–12, 14B–14 C. Davis & Miller 1984: 27. De Prins et al. 2016: 34. Type material. Phyllocnistis baccharidis Hering, 1958 was described on the basis of one male and three females, from Choromoro, Tucumán, Argentina. The male holotype (Fig. 3C) was illustrated by Hering and is deposited with the allotype and two paratypes at ZMHB. Holotype with the following labels (separated by forward slash symbols, Fig. 4C): / Holotypus / Mine an Baccharis spec. / IM R. Her. 9 / Choromoro Tucumán 16/17.III. 1953 Wygodzinsky / Phyllocnistis baccharidis #m Hering, Holotype /. Next to the labels is the dissected genitalia, slidemounted with glycerin and containing the same information previously cited. Female allotype with the following labels (separated by forward slash symbols): / Allotypus / Mine an Baccharis spec. / IM R. Her. 9 / Choromoro Tucumán 16/17.III. 1953 Wygodzinsky / Phyllocnistis baccharidis Hering, Allotype #f /. Female genitalia is also dissected and slide-mounted with glycerin, containing the same information. Paratypes (two females, with identical labels): / Paratypus / Mine an Baccharis spec. / IM R. Her. 9 / Choromoro Tucumán 16/17.III. 1953 Wygodzinsky / Phyllocnistis baccharidis Hering, Paratype /. Forewing length. 3.25 mm (n=5). Diagnosis (Figs. 3C, S 1; Tab. 2). Dorsal forewing: ground color light gray. lf lanceolate, with middle portion wider; light yellow with border light brown. It emerges on the proximal region of the wing (I), following centrally towards the median region (II), and ending diffuse close to the tf 1 border. Four transversal light yellow fasciae with well-marked, light brown borders: tf 1 c-shaped, crossing entirely the wing; tf 2 short, partially connected to tf 1 on the central region, where it ends, and slightly separated from tf 3; tf 4 is narrower, similar and parallel to tf 3, preceding as. Inner marginal fringes with light yellow base, dark brown median region and light gray apex. Costal and apical strigulae typical. P. baccharidis is similar to P. bourquini Pastrana and P. ourea Brito & Moreira in relation to pattern of the fasciae. However, it can be distinguished from these species by the tf 1, which in P. baccharidis reaches the inner margin, a characteristic not found on the other two species. Geographical distribution (Fig. 5). Recorded from the original description as restricted to Quebrada de Las Higueras and Choromoro, Trancas department, Tucumán province, Argentina (800 m.). Natural history. Immature of this species were reared by Dr. P. Wygodzinsky from collections made on March 16 h and 17, 1953. According to him and the species author, up to two larvae were found feeding on the epidermis in a single leaf. The mine is found on the adaxial region of the leaf, and during ontogenesis the larva traces a path towards the leaf apex, posteriorly returning to the base, and so on. The mine is serpentine, narrow at first and increasing in size throughout larval development. The frass in the mine has a slimy appearance. The cocoon is endophyllous, constructed distally within the mine in the central region of the leaf. Silken threads constructed with the cocoon cause the leaf to wrinkle. Host plant(s). According to Hering (1958), larvae feed on an unidentified species of Baccharis L. (Asteraceae). Examined material. Holotype, allotype, 2 paratypes and 1 specimen with no identified sex, with the same type locality, deposited at MCN (this specimen is incorrectly labeled as a paratype). Argentina: Tucumán— Choromoro, Quebrada de la Higuera, 800 m, 16-17.III.1953, P. Wygodzinsky leg., 1 male and 3 females (ZMHB), 1 specimen (TLEP043) (MCN). Remarks. At the ZMBH, only two slides were found with genitalia, both dissected and illustrated by Hering. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that the slide containing the male genitalia is damaged. Because there were only few specimens deposited at the collection, no genitalia were dissected for this review.Published as part of Brito, Rosângela, Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos, Gonçalves, Gislene L., Becker, Vitor O., Mielke, Olaf H. H. & Moreira, Gilson R. P., 2017, Taxonomic revision of Neotropical Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), with descriptions of seven new species and host plant associations, pp. 301-352 in Zootaxa 4341 (3) on pages 308-309, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4341.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/104000
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