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Role rybožravých predátorů a socio-ekonomických trendů ve sportovním rybaření
Get PDFSportovní rybaření je jednou z nejvýznamnějších rekreačních aktivit a zároveň jedním s nejvýraznějších způsobů jak člověk ovlivňuje vodní ekosystémy a rybí populace. Socio- ekonomické trendy i rybožraví predátoři přitom hrají ve sportovním rybaření důležitou roli. Jedním z poznatků práce byl fakt, že se vydra říční živí převážně malými rybami (5-10 g), a to u druhů, které jsou velice početné, a mají malý význam pro rybáře. V tomto případě dominoval v potravě vydry hrouzek obecný. Překryv mezi úlovky vyder a rybářů byl velice malý. Rybářsky významné druhy lososovitých ryb tvořily pouze malý podíl potravy vydry (10 % podle biomasy). Kormoráni se také živí především malými rybami (10-100 g), a to u druhů, které jsou taktéž velice početné. V tomto případě dominovala v potravě kormoránů plotice obecná. Rybářsky významné druhy ryb představovaly pouze 10 % v potravě kormoránů. Kormoráni sice odstraňují především početné druhy a malé ryby, nicméně tyto ryby slouží jako potrava pro dravce. Malé ryby by zároveň mohly v budoucnu dorůst do lovitelné velikosti. Záchranný program lososa obecného nebyl prozatím příliš úspěšný. Predace kormoránů na lososech není ovšem důvodem jeho neúspěchu. Největší problém je na dolním Labi na území Německa, kde dochází k vysoké mortalitě migrujících lososů. Pokud má být tento...Recreational fishing is a very important leisure activity and one of the most important ways how humans influence freshwater habitats and wild fish populations. Both fish-eating predators and socio-economic trends play a major role in recreational fishing. This thesis found that the Eurasian otter feeds mainly of small (5-10 g) and very abundant fish species of low angling value. In this case, gudgeon Gobio gobio dominated in the otter diet. The overlap between catches of otters and anglers was very low, and commercially important salmonids made up only 10 % of the otter diet by biomass. Cormorants also prey mostly on smaller (10-100 g) a very abundant fish species. In this case, roach Rutilus rutilus dominated in the cormorant diet. The overlap between catches of cormorants and anglers was also quite low. Commercially important fish species made up less than 10 % of the cormorant diet. Even though cormorants consume mostly smaller fish, they are potentially removing fish that serve as prey for piscivores, and they are also removing smaller fish that would grow into angling size. The Atlantic salmon Salmo salar reintroduction programme has not yet been successful. However, cormorant predation is not the main reason for its low success. The main problem is somewhere on the lower River Elbe in...Ústav pro životní prostředíInstitute for Environmental StudiesPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc
Role rybožravých predátorů a socio-ekonomických trendů ve sportovním rybaření
Get PDFSportovní rybaření je jednou z nejvýznamnějších rekreačních aktivit a zároveň jedním s nejvýraznějších způsobů jak člověk ovlivňuje vodní ekosystémy a rybí populace. Socio- ekonomické trendy i rybožraví predátoři přitom hrají ve sportovním rybaření důležitou roli. Jedním z poznatků práce byl fakt, že se vydra říční živí převážně malými rybami (5-10 g), a to u druhů, které jsou velice početné, a mají malý význam pro rybáře. V tomto případě dominoval v potravě vydry hrouzek obecný. Překryv mezi úlovky vyder a rybářů byl velice malý. Rybářsky významné druhy lososovitých ryb tvořily pouze malý podíl potravy vydry (10 % podle biomasy). Kormoráni se také živí především malými rybami (10-100 g), a to u druhů, které jsou taktéž velice početné. V tomto případě dominovala v potravě kormoránů plotice obecná. Rybářsky významné druhy ryb představovaly pouze 10 % v potravě kormoránů. Kormoráni sice odstraňují především početné druhy a malé ryby, nicméně tyto ryby slouží jako potrava pro dravce. Malé ryby by zároveň mohly v budoucnu dorůst do lovitelné velikosti. Záchranný program lososa obecného nebyl prozatím příliš úspěšný. Predace kormoránů na lososech není ovšem důvodem jeho neúspěchu. Největší problém je na dolním Labi na území Německa, kde dochází k vysoké mortalitě migrujících lososů. Pokud má být tento...Recreational fishing is a very important leisure activity and one of the most important ways how humans influence freshwater habitats and wild fish populations. Both fish-eating predators and socio-economic trends play a major role in recreational fishing. This thesis found that the Eurasian otter feeds mainly of small (5-10 g) and very abundant fish species of low angling value. In this case, gudgeon Gobio gobio dominated in the otter diet. The overlap between catches of otters and anglers was very low, and commercially important salmonids made up only 10 % of the otter diet by biomass. Cormorants also prey mostly on smaller (10-100 g) a very abundant fish species. In this case, roach Rutilus rutilus dominated in the cormorant diet. The overlap between catches of cormorants and anglers was also quite low. Commercially important fish species made up less than 10 % of the cormorant diet. Even though cormorants consume mostly smaller fish, they are potentially removing fish that serve as prey for piscivores, and they are also removing smaller fish that would grow into angling size. The Atlantic salmon Salmo salar reintroduction programme has not yet been successful. However, cormorant predation is not the main reason for its low success. The main problem is somewhere on the lower River Elbe in...Institute for Environmental StudiesÚstav pro životní prostředíPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Influence of age and rearing conditions of a fish on the chance to survive in the wild
Get PDFThe task of this thesis is to summarize all the most important biotic and abiotic factors that can influence chances of reared fish to survive in the wild. It contains some of the most frequently reared and popular fishes, such as Sander lucioperca (pike perch), Samo trutta (trout), Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass), Esox lucius (northern pike), Esox masquinongy (muskellunge) and the hybrid of northern pike and muskellunge, the tiger muskellunge. Mainly the factors such as success, survival, rate of growth and mortality have been studied. Survival increases with the size of the fish because of the fact that larger fish can easily avoid predation. Pellet-reared fish show higher mortality than minnow-reared fish because of the loss due to predation and also slightly worse ability to catch living prey and obtain food, even though their diet contains similar species. Temperature can also affect the mortality of the stocked fish, mainly when the temperature difference between the rearing pond or hatchery and the new environment exceeds 10 řC, which brings loss of majority of the stocked fish. It has been revealed that genetics is very important during the process of stocking, while fish from the local population show better abilities to adapt to the environment than those from other geographic..
Diet of Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in relation to the stocking of brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) and grayling (Thymallus thymallus)
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate otter predation on stocked trout and grayling. The diet composition of piscivorous Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) was studied on the stream Chotýšanka in central Bohemia using spraint (otter faeces) analysis during one winter period (90 days). Stocking took place mostly in the second half of 2005. Around 5000 hatchery-reared brown trouts (Salmo trutta m. fario) of size about 10 cm, 600 graylings (Thymallus thymallus) of the same size and 480 rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) of size about 30 cm were stocked into the stream. Spraints were collected in December 2005 and January 2006. We found and identified 1531 fish in the spraints. The primary food source of otters was fish (almost 85 % of biomass). The main fish prey was small - sized, below 20 g in weight and 13 cm in length. The bulk of otter's diet consisted of less - valued species, especially the gudgeon (Gobio gobio). Other frequently consumed fish species were the European chub (Squalius cephalus), the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the European perch (Perca fluviatilis), the brown trout and the rainbow trout. Consumption of stocked brown trout was 1,80 %, while cosumption of stocked rainbow trout was 10,90 % of biomass. Otters in this area consumed about 723 - 1446 brown trouts and 72 - 144 rainbow trouts..
The role of fish-eating predators and socio-economic trends in recreational fishing
No full textRecreational fishing is a very important leisure activity and one of the most important ways how humans influence freshwater habitats and wild fish populations. Both fish-eating predators and socio-economic trends play a major role in recreational fishing. This thesis found that the Eurasian otter feeds mainly of small (5-10 g) and very abundant fish species of low angling value. In this case, gudgeon Gobio gobio dominated in the otter diet. The overlap between catches of otters and anglers was very low, and commercially important salmonids made up only 10 % of the otter diet by biomass. Cormorants also prey mostly on smaller (10-100 g) a very abundant fish species. In this case, roach Rutilus rutilus dominated in the cormorant diet. The overlap between catches of cormorants and anglers was also quite low. Commercially important fish species made up less than 10 % of the cormorant diet. Even though cormorants consume mostly smaller fish, they are potentially removing fish that serve as prey for piscivores, and they are also removing smaller fish that would grow into angling size. The Atlantic salmon Salmo salar reintroduction programme has not yet been successful. However, cormorant predation is not the main reason for its low success. The main problem is somewhere on the lower River Elbe in..
The role of fish-eating predators and socio-economic trends in recreational fishing
No full textRecreational fishing is a very important leisure activity and one of the most important ways how humans influence freshwater habitats and wild fish populations. Both fish-eating predators and socio-economic trends play a major role in recreational fishing. This thesis found that the Eurasian otter feeds mainly of small (5-10 g) and very abundant fish species of low angling value. In this case, gudgeon Gobio gobio dominated in the otter diet. The overlap between catches of otters and anglers was very low, and commercially important salmonids made up only 10 % of the otter diet by biomass. Cormorants also prey mostly on smaller (10-100 g) a very abundant fish species. In this case, roach Rutilus rutilus dominated in the cormorant diet. The overlap between catches of cormorants and anglers was also quite low. Commercially important fish species made up less than 10 % of the cormorant diet. Even though cormorants consume mostly smaller fish, they are potentially removing fish that serve as prey for piscivores, and they are also removing smaller fish that would grow into angling size. The Atlantic salmon Salmo salar reintroduction programme has not yet been successful. However, cormorant predation is not the main reason for its low success. The main problem is somewhere on the lower River Elbe in..
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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