1,721,174 research outputs found
Ultrafast Phenomena In The Photoinjected Plasma In Semiconductors
No full textWe present general considerations and a summarized discussion of the question of the very rapid relaxation processes that follow in the photoinjected plasma in semiconductors, phenomena that can be experimentally studied via ultrafast laser spectroscopy.262543552Alfano, R.R., (1984) Semiconductors Probed by Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy, 1-2. , Academic, New YorkAlfano, R.R., (1982) Biological Events Probed by Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy, , Academic, New YorkAlfano, R.R., Frontier of Femtosecond and Picosecond Optical Measuring Techniques (1986) New Techniques and Ideas in Quantum Measurement Theory, 480. , edited by D.M. Greenberg Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, New YorkShank, C.V., (1984) Science, 219, p. 1027Brito Cruz, C.H., Fragnito, H.L., Fenômenos Ultra-Rápidos (1992) Notas de Física No. 3, , IFGW-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, BrasilLuzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Relaxation Processes in Nonequilibrium Semiconductor Plasma, 1, pp. 135-169. , Ref. [1]Luzzi, R., Ultrafast Relaxation Processes in Semiconductors (1985) High Excitation and Short Pulse Phenomena, , edited by M. Pilkhun North Holland, AmsterdamLuzzi, R., Nonequilibrium Plasma in Photoexcited Semiconductors (1986) Recent Developments in Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics, , edited by J. Casas-Vasquez and D. Jou Springer, BerlinAlgarte, A.C., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., Kinetic of Hot Elementary Excitations in Photoexcited Polar Semiconductors (1992) Phys. Stat. Sol.(B), 173, p. 487Kubo, R., (1978) Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl., 64, p. 1. , Oppening Address in the Oji Seminar, Oji, Japan, 1977Jaynes, E.T., Predictive Statistical Pllysics (1986) Frontiers of Nonequilibrillm Statistical Physics, , edited by E.T. Moore and M.O. Scully Plenum, New YorkHaken, H., Macroscopic Prediction (1985) Complex Systems: Operational Approaches, , Springer, BerlinLuzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., (1990) Fortschr. Phys./ Prog. Phys., 38, p. 887Ramos, J.G., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1995) Fortschr.Phys./Prog.Phys., 43, p. 265Jou, D., Casas-Vasquez, J., Lebon, G., (1993) Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics, , Springer, Berlin(1988) Rep. Prog. Phys., 51, p. 1105Müller, I., Ruggieri, T., (1993) Extended Thermodynamics, , Springer, BerlinGarcía-Colín, L.G., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1994) J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn., 19, p. 24Luzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Adv. Phys., , submittedVasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., García-Colín, L.S., (1991) Phys. Rev. A, 43, p. 6622Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., García-Colín, L.S., (1991) Phys. Rev. A, 43, p. 6633Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1992) Physica A, 180, p. 182Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., García-Colín, L.S., J. Stat. Phys., , submittedVasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., García-Colín, L.S., J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn., , in pressVasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., García-Colín, L.S., Physica A, , submittedVasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., Jou, D., Casas-Vasquez, J., (1994) Physica A, 212, p. 369Platzmann, P.M., Wolff, P.A., (1973) Solid State Physics, Suppl., 13, p. 1Ginzburg, V.L., (1976) Key Problems in Physics and Astrophysics, , Mir, MoscowPines, D., (1964) Elementary Excitations in Solids, , Benjamin, Readings, MAHedin, L., Lundqvist, S., (1969) Solid State Physics, 23. , Academic, New YorkElci, A., Scully, M.D., Smirl, A.L., Matter, J.C., (1977) Phys. Rev. B, 16, p. 191Collet, J., Amand, T., Pugnet, M., (1983) Phys. Lett. A, 96, p. 368Potz, W., (1987) Phys. Rev., B36, p. 5016Rego, L.G.C., private communicationMartin, P.C., Measurements and Correlation Functions (1968) Many-Body Physics, , edited by C. de Witt and R. Balian Gordon and Breach, New YorkZubarev, D.N., (1960) Uspekhi Fiz. Nauk, 71, p. 71(1960) Soviet Phys.-Usp., 3, p. 320Zubarev, D.N., (1970) Fortschr. Phys./ Prog. 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Thermal conductivity in higher-order generalized hydrodynamics: characterization of nanowires of silicon and gallium nitride
No full textFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPEG - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE GOIÁSCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOAn analysis of the influence of geometry and size on the thermal conductivity in semiconductors, particularized to the study in Si and GaN, is presented. This is done in the framework of a higher-order generalized hydrodynamics (HOGH) of phonons in semiconductors, driven away from equilibrium by external sources. This HOGH is derived by the method of moments from a generalized Peierls-Boltzmann kinetic equation built in the framework of a Non-Equilibrium Statistical Ensemble Formalism. We consider the case of wires (cylindrical geometry) exploring the effect of size (radius), particularly in the nanometric scale when comparison with experiment is done. Maxwell times, which are quite relevant to define the hydrodynamic movement, are evidenced and characterized. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.An analysis of the influence of geometry and size on the thermal conductivity in semiconductors, particularized to the study in Si and GaN, is presented. This is done in the framework of a higher-order generalized hydrodynamics (HOGH) of phonons in semiconductors, driven away from equilibrium by external sources. This HOGH is derived by the method of moments from a generalized Peierls-Boltzmann kinetic equation built in the framework of a Non-Equilibrium Statistical Ensemble Formalism. We consider the case of wires (cylindrical geometry) exploring the effect of size (radius), particularly in the nanometric scale when comparison with experiment is done. Maxwell times, which are quite relevant to define the hydrodynamic movement, are evidenced and characterized.605058FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPEG - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE GOIÁSCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPEG - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE GOIÁSCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOSem informaçãoSem informaçãoSem informaçãoCastelvecchi, D., Collins, G.P., Fischetti, M., Mirsky, S., Moyer, M., Musser, G., Soares, C., Wong, K., (2010) Scientific American, 302, pp. 68-73Cahill, D.G., Ford, W.K., Goodson, K.E., Mahan, G.D., Majumdar, A., Maris, H.J., Merlin, R., Phillpot, S.R., (2003) J. Appl. Phys., 93, p. 793Meijer, G.I., (2010) Science, 328, p. 318Zhang, Z.M., (2007) Nano/Microscale Heat Transfer, , McGraw Hill New York, USATzou, D.Y., (1997) Macro to Micro Scale Heat Transport, , Taylor and Francis Washington, USAChowdhury, I., Prasher, R., Lofgreen, K., Chrysler, G., Narasimhan, S., Mahajan, R., Koester, D., Venkatasubramanian, R., (2009) Nat. Nanotechnol., 4, p. 235Klein, R., (1985) Introduction to Phonon Hydrodynamic, 124. , W.E. Bron (Ed.), Nonequilibrium Phonon Dynamics, ASI Series B Plenum, New York, USASilva, C.A.B., Vasconcellos, A.R., Ramos, J.G., Luzzi, R., (2011) J. Stat. Phys., 143, p. 1020Rodrigues, C.G., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (2013) Eur. Phys. J. 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Derivation In A Nonequilibrium Ensemble Formalism Of A Far-reaching Generalization Of A Quantum Boltzmann Theory
No full textWithin the framework of the nonequilibrium statistical ensemble formalism provided by the nonequilibrium statistical operator method, we derive a quantum Boltzmann-style transport theory of a broad scope. This is done by choosing the single- and two-particle dynamical density operators as the basic informational-statistical variables. The equations of evolution for their average values over the nonequilibrium ensemble, the nonequilibrium-reduced Dirac-Landau-Bogoliubov-type density matrices, are obtained. From the resulting generalized nonlinear quantum transport theory, after resorting to perturbative-like expansions, a far-reaching generalization of Boltzmann equation for the single-particle distribution function is derived. A type of traditional Boltzmann equation follows after using stringent approximations, whose limits of validity are evaluated.2841140160Lebowitz, L.L., Montroll, E.W., (1983) Studies in Statistical Mechanics X. Nonequilibrium Phenomena I: the Boltzmann Equation, , North-Holland, AmsterdamJaynes, E.T., (1986) Frontiers of Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics, pp. 33-55. , G.T. Moore, M.O. Scully (Eds.), Plenum, New YorkLuzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., (1990) Fortschr. Phys./Prog. Phys., 38, p. 887Luzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Ramos, J.G., A Non-equilibrium Statistical Ensemble Formalism: Basic Concepts, Construction, Application, Open Questions and Criticism, , http://xxx.lanl.gov/cond-mat/9909160Zubarev, D.N., (1974) Nonequilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics, Consultants Bureau, , New York, Neravnovesnaia Statisticheskaia Termodinamika, Izd. Nauka, Moscow, 1971Zubarev, D.N., (1970) Fortschr. Phys./Prog. Phys., 18, p. 125Zubarev, D.N., Morozov, V.N., Röpke, G., (1996) Statistical Mechanics of Nonequilibrium Processes, Vol. 1: Basic Concepts, Kinetic Theory, 1. , Akademie Verlag, BerlinZubarev, D.N., Morosov, V., Röpke, G., (1997) Statistical Mechanics of Nonequilibrium Processes Vol. 2: Relaxation and Hydrodynamic Processes, 2. , Akademie Verlag, BerlinAlgarte, A.C., Vasconcellos, A.R., (1992) R. Luzzi, Phys. Stat. Sol. (B), 173, p. 487Mesquita, M.V., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1998) Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, p. 2008Madureira, J.R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1998) J. Chem. Phys., 108, p. 7568Madureira, J.R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., Casas-Vázquez, J., Jou, D., (1998) J. Chem. Phys., 108, p. 7580Bogoliubov, N.N., (1967) Lectures in Quantum Statistics, 1-2. , Gordon and Breach, New York respectivelyFano, U., (1957) Rev. Mod. Phys., 29, p. 74Lauck, L., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1990) Physica A, 168, p. 789Akhiezer, A.I., Peletminskii, S.V., (1981) Methods of Statistical Physics, , Pergamon, OxfordLuzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Ramos, J.G., Foundations of a nonequilibrium ensemble formalism Fundamental Theories of Physics Series, , A. van. der Merwe (Ed.), Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, forthcomingBogoliubov, N.N., (1962) Studies in Statistical Mechanics I, , J. de Boer, G.E. Uhlenbeck (Eds.), North-Holland, AmsterdamLuzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Ramos, J.G., Statistical foundations of irreversible thermodynamics Texte Zur Physik Series, , W. Ebeling (Ed.), Teubner, Leipzig, in pressTenan, M.A., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1997) Forstchr. Phys./Prog. Phys., 47, p. 1Luzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Ramos, J.G., (1999) Fortschr. Phys./Prog. Phys., 47, p. 401Madureira, J., Vasconcellos, A., Luzzi, R., Lauck, L., (1998) Phys. Rev. E, 57, p. 3637Vasconcellos, A.R., Algarte, A.C., Luzzi, R., (1990) Physica A, 166, p. 517Huang, K., (1963) Statistical Mechanics, , Wiley, New York, 2nd enlarged Edition, 1987Kreuzer, H.J., (1981) Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics and Its Statistical Foundations, , Clarendon, OxfordLiboff, R.L., (1990) Kinetic Theory, , Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJBalescu, R., (1975) Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics, , Wiley-Interscience, New YorkHeims, S.P., Jaynes, E.T., (1962) Rev. Mod. Phys., 34, p. 143. , subsection b, pp. 148-150, and Appendix B, p. 164. (It should be noticed a misprint in the third line of their Eq. (B.1) which must end in xn-1)Ramos, J.G., Vasconcellos, A.R., Garcia-Colin, L.S., (1997) Braz. J. Phys., 27, p. 585Zwanzig, R., (1981) Perspectives in Statistical Physics, pp. 123-124. , H.J. Raveché (Ed.), North-Holland, AmsterdamVasconcellos, A.R., Algarte, A.C., Luzzi, R., (1996) Braz. J. Phys., 26, p. 543Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., Garcia-Colin, L.S., (1991) Phys. Rev. A, 43, p. 6633Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., Garcia-Colin, L.S., (1995) Physica A, 221, p. 495Luzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Esperidião, A.S., (1995) Phys. Rev. B, 52, p. 5021Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., Jou, D., Casas-Vázquez, J., (1995) Phys. Rev. B, 52, p. 5030Lauck, L., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1992) Phys. Rev. B, 46, p. 615
A Nonequilibrium Statistical Ensemble Formalism: Maxent-nesom: Basic Concepts, Construction, Application, Open Questions And Criticisms
No full textWe describe a particular approach for the construction of a nonequilibrium statistical ensemble formalism for the treatment of dissipative many-body systems. This is the so-called Nonequilibrium Statistical Operator Method, based on the seminal and fundamental ideas set forward by Boltzmann and Gibbs. The existing approaches can be unified under a unique variational principle, namely, MaxEnt, which we consider here. The main six basic steps that are at the foundations of the formalism are presented and the fundamental concepts are discussed. The associated nonlinear quantum kinetic theory and the accompanying Statistical Thermodynamics (the Informational Statistical Thermodynamics) are very briefly described. The corresponding response function theory for systems away from equilibrium allows to connected the theory with experiments, and some examples are summarized; there follows a good agreement between theory and experimental data in the cases in which the latter are presently available. We also present an overview of some conceptual questions and associated criticisms.142831893264Oreskes, N., Shrader-Frechette, K., Beltz, K., (1994) Science, 263, p. 641Penrose, O., (1979) Rep. Prog. Phys., 42, p. 1938Kubo, R., (1978) Prog. Theo. Phys., 64 (SUPPL.), p. 1Jaynes, E.T., (1986), pp. 33-55. , Frontiers of Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics, eds. G. T. Moore and M. O. Scully (Plenum, New York)Zwanzig, R., (1965), pp. 67-102. , Annual Review of Physical Chemistry Vol. 16 (Academic Press, New York)(1981), pp. 123-124. , Perspectives in Statistical Physics, ed. H. J. Raveché (North Holland, Amsterdam)Kirkwood, J.G., (1946) J. Chem. Phys., 14, p. 180Green, M.S., (1952) J. Chem. 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Considerations Of Fröhlich's Bose-einstein-like Condensation
No full textThe so-called Fröhlich effect - consisting of a conjectured coherent behavior of boson-like excitations in biological and molecular polymers - is fully derived and analyzed in terms of a thermo-mechanical theory. This is the so-called informational statistical thermodynamics, based on a generalization of Gibbs statistical theory to systems far from equilibrium. Moreover, it is shown that when double (or multiple) processes of excitation of the boson system are possible there follows a positive-feedback phenomenon that greatly favors and enhances the effect. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.2382-3206211Eichwald, C.F., (1995) Phys. Lett. A, 207, p. 194Fröhlich, H., (1969) From Theoretical Physics to Biology, pp. 13-22. , M. Marois (Ed.), North-Holland, AmsterdamFröhlich, H., (1968) Int. J. Quantum Chem., 2, p. 641Fröhlich, H., (1970) Nature, 228, p. 1093Fröhlich, H., (1980) Adv. Electron. Electron Phys., 17, p. 85Mesquíta, M.V., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1993) Phys. Rev. E, 48, p. 4049Zubarev, D.N., (1971) Neravnovesnaia Statisticheskaia Termodinamika Nauka, Moscow(1974) Nonequilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics, , Consultants Bureau, New YorkZubarev, D.N., Morozov, V.N., Röpke, G., (1996) Statistical Mechanics of Nonequilibrium Processes, 1. , Basic Concepts, Kinetic Theory Akademie Verlag, BerlinLuzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., (1990) Fortschr. Phys., 38, p. 887Ramos, J.G., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1995) Fortschr. Phys., 43, p. 265Jaynes, E.T., Macroscopic prediction (1985) Complex Systems: Operational Approaches, , H. Haken (Ed.), Springer, BerlinJaynes, E.T., (1986) Frontiers of Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics, pp. 33-55. , G.T. Moore, M.O. Scully (Eds.), Plenum, New YorkAkhiezer, A.I., Peletminskii, S.V., (1981) Methods of Statistical Physics, , Pergamon, OxfordLauck, L., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1990) Physica A, 168, p. 789Hobson, A., (1966) J. Chem. Phys., 45, p. 1352Garcia-Colin, L.S., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1994) J. Nonequilib. Thermodyn., 19, p. 24Tenan, M.A., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1996) Fortschr. Phys., 47, p. 1Davydov, A.S., (1982) Biology and Quantum Mechanics, , Pergamon, OxfordScott, A.C., (1982) Phys. Rev. A, 26, p. 578Zubarev, D.N., Modern methods of the statistical theory of nonequilibrium processes (1980) Reviews of Science and Technology: Modern Problems of Mathematics, 16. , R.B. Gamkreludze (Ed.), Nauka, Moscow(1981) Sov. Math., 16, p. 1509(1991) R.E. Mills, Phys. Rev. A, 43, p. 3176Tuszyński, J.A., Paul, R., (1991) Phys. Rev. A, 43, p. 3179Bolterauer, H., Ludwig, L.A., (1993) Phys. Rev. E, 47, p. 2122Madureira, A.J., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., Lauck, L., (1996) IFGW-Unicamp Internal Report, , future publicationScott, A.C., (1992) Phys. Rep., 217, p.
On The Selection Of The State Space In Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics
No full textWe address here the question of the choice and interpretation of state variables in the thermodynamical description of systems arbitrarily away from equilibrium. It is presented a discussion of the topic in the framework of informational statistical thermodynamics, an approach based on Gibbs algorithm for nonequilibrium dissipative systems, which provides mechano-statistical foundations to phenomenological theories of irreversible thermodynamics. The theory is applied in the case of a particular system consisting of the mobile carriers in a highly excited photo-injected plasma in semiconductors. The concepts and results thus obtained are tested against experimental data in time-resolved and time-integrated optical laser spectroscopy. It is shown how nonequilibrium thermodynamic variables are evidenced and measured in such experiments. 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Mesoscopic Hydro-thermodynamics Of Phonons In Semiconductors: Heat Transport In Iii-nitrides
No full textIt is presented a generalized hydro-thermodynamics (called mesoscopic hydro-thermodynamics MHT) of phonons in semiconductors, driven away from equilibrium by external forces, derived by the method of moments from a generalized Peierls-Boltzmann kinetic equation built in the framework of a non-equilibrium statistical ensemble formalism. The resulting MHT involves the enormous set of coupled evolution equations for the densities of the quasi-particles (phonons) and their energy together with their fluxes of all orders. The handling of them requires the introduction of a contraction of description what defines MHT's of different orders. We illustrate the matter analyzing heat transport by phonons in GaN within the framework of a MHT of first order to obtain a generalized Guyer-Krumhansl equation from which it is analyzed the effect of geometry on the heat transport. It is described the influence of size (from bulk to nanometric scales) on the reduction of the thermal conductivity and the improving of the figure of merit of thermoelectric devices. © 2013 EDP Sciences, SIF, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.865Castelvecchi, D., Collins, G.P., Fischetti, M., Mirsky, S., Moyer, M., Musser, G., Soares, C., Wong, K., (2010) Scientific American, 302, p. 68Cahill, D.G., Ford, W.K., Goodson, K.E., Mahan, G.D., Majumdar, A., Maris, H.J., Merlin, R., Phillpot, S.R., (2003) J. Appl. Phys, 93, p. 793Meijer, G.I., (1991) Science, 328, p. 318Zhang, Z.M., (2007) Nano/Microscale Heat Transfer, , McGraw Hill, New YorkTzou, D.Y., (1997) Macro to Micro Scale Heat Transport, , Taylor and Francis, WashingtonLi, N., Ren, J., Wang, L., Zhang, G., Ḧanggi, P., Li, B., (2012) Rev. Mod. Phys, 84, p. 1045Liu, S., Xu, X.F., Xie, R.G., Zhang, G., Li, B.W., (2012) Eur. Phys. 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Response function theory for many-body systems away from equilibrium: conditions of ultrafast-time and ultrasmall-space experimental resolution
No full textFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPEG - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE GOIÁSCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOA response function theory and scattering theory applicable to the study of physical properties of systems driven arbitrarily far removed from equilibrium, specialized for dealing with ultrafast processes, and in conditions of space resolution (including the nanometric scale) are presented. The derivation is done in the framework of a Gibbs-style nonequilibrium statistical ensemble formalism. The observable properties are shown to be connected with time- and space-dependent correlation functions out of equilibrium. A generalized fluctuation-dissipation theorem, which relates these correlation functions with generalized susceptibilities, is derived. The method of nonequilibrium-thermodynamic Green functions, which proves useful for calculations, is also presented. Two illustrative applications of the formalism, which study optical responses in ultrafast laser spectroscopy and Raman scattering of electrons in III-N semiconductors (of “blue diodes”) driven away from equilibrium by electric fields of moderate to high intensities, are described.A response function theory and scattering theory applicable to the study of physical properties of systems driven arbitrarily far removed from equilibrium, specialized for dealing with ultrafast processes, and in conditions of space resolution (including the nanometric scale) are presented. The derivation is done in the framework of a Gibbs-style nonequilibrium statistical ensemble formalism. The observable properties are shown to be connected with time- and space-dependent correlation functions out of equilibrium. A generalized fluctuation-dissipation theorem, which relates these correlation functions with generalized susceptibilities, is derived. The method of nonequilibrium-thermodynamic Green functions, which proves useful for calculations, is also presented. Two illustrative applications of the formalism, which study optical responses in ultrafast laser spectroscopy and Raman scattering of electrons in III-N semiconductors (of “blue diodes”) driven away from equilibrium by electric fields of moderate to high intensities, are described.451166193FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPEG - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE GOIÁSCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPEG - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE GOIÁSCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOSem informaçãoSem informaçãoSem informaçãoKubo, R., Oppening address at the Oji seminar (1978) Prog. Theor. Phys. (Japan), p. 64Stix, S., Little big science: an overview, and articles thereafter (2001) Sci. 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Transient Analysis Of Thermal Distortion In A Silicon Substrate On Incidence Of A Single Soft X-ray Fel Pulse
Full text linkWe discuss the dynamics of a silicon surface after incidence of a short, high energy pulse in the soft X-ray range. We focus on time-delays long enough after pulse incidence, so that the absorbed energy can be seen as a nonuniform time-dependent heat distribution in the solid. A model is developed using techniques of non-equilibrium hydro-thermodynamics, considering just the longitudinal and transverse acoustic phonon systems in the excited solid. The general theory leads to Maxwell-Cattaneo partial differential equations for the material medium n(r,t) and the energy h(r,t) volume densities; these reduce to the diffusion equation for the temperature T(r,t) and the usual thermo-mechanical elastic equation for the strain u(r,t) on further simplification. Here we solve the Maxwell-Cattaneo equation for T(r,t) and compare to previous results where the diffusion equation was used instead; the Maxwell-Cattaneo equation predicts faster cooling at short (dozens of fs, say) time delays. Previously obtained results for the strain field are briefly recalled. © 2011 SPIE.8077De Castro, A.R.B., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., Thermo-elastic analysis of a silicon surface under X-ray free-electron-laser irradiation (2010) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 81. , art 073102de Castro A. R. B., Vasconcellos A. R. and Luzzi R., "Erratum: Thermo-elastic analysis of a silicon surface under X-ray freeelectron-laser irradiation (Rev. Sci. Instrum., 81, art 073102 (2010))", Rev. Sci. Instrum., submitted (2011)Luzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Ramos, J.G., (2002) Predictive Statistical Mechanics: A Non-equilibrium Ensemble Formalism, , Kluwer Academic, DorbrechtBoguliubov, N.N., (1962) Studies in Statistical Mechanics i, , North Holland, AmsterdamLandau, L.M., Lifschitz, E.M., (1986) Theory of Elasticity, , Pergamon, OxfordMorse, P.M., Feshbach, H., (1953) Methods of Theoretical Physics, , McGraw-Hill Book Company, N YorkDe Castro, A.R.B., Möller, T., Time-dependent strain analysis of mirrors illuminated with intense femtosecond pulses in the soft X-ray spectral range (2005) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 76. , art 06310
Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics Of Complex Systems: An Overview
No full textThe ensemble formalism has been extremely successful in the handling of the grandiose theoretical scheme of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics initiated by Maxwell, Boltzmann and Gibbs, which has been given concrete and consistent foundations to the study of the many situations present in condensed-matter physics. However, its use is hampered when dealing with certain complex phenomena for which the researcher may not have an access to the information on all the constraints relevant to the problem in hands (so-called hidden constraints), which leads to poor predictions. In an attempt to improve predictions there have been introduced, beginning in the past 1950s, and pioneered by P. Lèvy in the 1930s, auxiliary approaches which attempt to assuage the difficulty, but at the price of not being fully consistent and depending on free parameters. This is done in the framework of the variational (extremum principle) approach in statistical mechanics founded on information theory. In it, the general and well-established Boltzmann-Gibbs canonical scheme follows from maximization with given constraints of Gibbs-Boltzmann-Shannon information-theoretic entropy (better called measure of uncertainty of information) : it is considered to be the only consistent probability measure of information. The other (say non-canonical or heterotypical) auxiliary approaches are based on replacing GBS information-theoretic entropy by others, which are used to derive non-conventional probability distributions for non-equilibrium systems. We present a detailed description of their construction and a clarification of their scope, interpretation and utility. Also, resorting to the particular case of Renyi's approach the construction of a non-equilibrium ensemble formalism is described. The non-conventional distribution functions of fermions and bosons are discussed. The use of the formalism is illustrated via the analysis of experimental results in the case of fractal-like structured systems. Also a purely theoretical analysis is done in the cases of an ideal gas and of radiation comparing the conventional and non-conventional approaches. In all of these situations it is discussed which are the difficulties involved (hidden constraints in an insufficient description) which require to resort to the non-conventional approach, and what determines the value of the parameter(s) that the formalism introduces in each case, namely, its (their) dependence on the system characteristics and the experimental protocol. © Società Italiana di Fisica.30395157MONTROLL, E.W., SHLESINGER, M.F., (1983) J. Stat. Phys, 12, p. 209FISHER, R.A., (1922) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London A, 222, p. 309BALIAN, R., (1999) Am. J. Phys, 67, p. 1078LANDSBERG, P.T., (1999) Braz. J. 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