1,720,953 research outputs found
Evaluation of adequacy of pharmacotherapy for insomnia and pain among elderly in the Metlika retirement home
Full text linkStarostniki pogosto jemljejo več različnih zdravil hkrati, zlasti pogosta je uporaba analgetikov in zdravil za zdravljenje nespec?nosti. Zaradi sočasnih obolenj in polifarmakoterapije je pri starostnikih zdravljenje bolečine in nespečnosti precej zahtevno.
Z raziskavo smo ovrednotili ustreznost na recept predpisanih zdravil za zdravljenje nespečnosti in bolečine pri oskrbovancih Doma starejših občanov Metlika. Znotraj teh terapevtskih skupin zdravil smo preverili tudi potencialno neprimerna zdravila za starostnike ter potencialne interakcije z drugimi sočasno predpisanimi zdravili.
V raziskavo smo vključili vse oskrbovance Doma starejših občanov Metlika, stare 65 let ali več, ki so redno ali po potrebi prejemali zdravila za sistemsko zdravljenje bolečine in/ali nespečnosti. Vse potrebne podatke smo na izbrani dan v letu 2018 pridobili iz medicinske domske dokumentacije. Primernost posameznih zdravil smo ovrednotili s pomočjo smernic za zdravljenje nespečnosti oziroma bolečine in liste PRISCUS, ustreznost odmerkov s pomočjo Povzetkov glavnih značilnosti zdravila, potencialne interakcije med zdravili pa s podatkovno bazo Lexicomp.
Izmed vseh oskrbovancev, ki so bili nastanjeni v domu, jih je 98 prejemalo zdravila za zdravljenje nespečnosti in/ali bolečine. Od tega je bilo 62 (63,3 %) žensk, s povprečno starostjo 84,9 let, in 36 (36,7 %) moških, pri katerih je povprečna starost znašala 77,9 let. Zdravila za zdravljenje nespečnosti je imelo predpisanih 77 (78,6 %) oskrbovancev. Skupno so prejemali 8 različnih zdravilnih učinkovin, najpogosteje zolpidem (47 predpisov), sledili so mu benzodiazepini (alprazolam, bromazepam diazepam in lorazepam) in kvetiapin. Navedene zdravilne učinkovine po evropskih smernicah niso primerne za dolgotrajno zdravljenje nespečnosti. Med zdravili za zdravljenje nespečnosti ne sodijo med potencialno neprimerna za starostnike le kvetiapin, trazodon in klometiazol. Zdravila za zdravljenje bolečine je prejemalo 87 (88,8 %) oskrbovancev, ki so imeli predpisanih 12 različnih zdravilnih učinkovin. 58 (66,7 %) oskrbovancev je imelo predpisano kombinacijo tramadola in paracetamola, ki sta ji sledila paracetamol ter metamizol. Strokovna priporočila odsvetujejo zdravljenje bolečine pri starostnikih z nesteroidnimi antirevmatiki z dolgotrajnim delovanjem, v našem primeru sta bila to etorikoksib in indometacin. Med zdravili za zdravljenje bolečine sodita med potencialno neprimerna za starostnike le indometacin in etorikoksib. Pri pregledu odmerkov zdravil za zdravljenje nespečnosti oz. bolečine so bili pri 5 oskrbovancih prekoračeni dnevni maksimalni odmerki. Pri 77 (78,5 %) starostnikih smo identificirali potencialne interakcije, in sicer 212 primerov interakcij D in 9 primerov interakcij X. Največ interakcij tipa D je bilo s tramadolom, zolpidemom in kvetapinom, največ X interakcij pa s kvetiapinom.Elderly people take several different drugs at the same time, common is use of analgesics and drugs for treatment of insomnia. Due to concomitant diseases and polypharmacotherapy treatment of pain and insomnia represents a great challenge in elderly.
The study evaluated the adequacy of pharmacotherapy for insomnia and pain among elderly in the retirement home in Metlika. Among these drugs we checked whether they were potentially inappropriate for the elderly and if there was a risk for potential drug-drug interactions with other concomitant drugs.
In the study we included residents of the retirement home Metlika, who were at least 65 years old and received prescription drugs for systemic treatment of insomnia and/or pain, either for regular use or when needed. All the necessary data was obtained in the retirement home from a doctor’s medical documentation on the selected day in the year 2018. Adequacy of individual drugs was evaluated using guidelines for pharmacotherapy of insomnia or pain and PRISCUS list, dose adequacy was checked using the Summary of Product Characteristics and potential drug-drug interactions were identified by Lexicomp datebase.
Among all the residents of the retirement home, 98 of them received drugs for the treatment of insomnia and/or pain. 62 (63.3%) of them were women, with an average age of 84,9 years, and 36 (36.7%) were men, with an average age of 77.9 years. Drugs for insomnia were prescribed to 77 (78.6%) residents. Altogether they received 8 different drugs, the most commonly zolpidem (47 prescriptions), followed by benzodiazepines (alprazolam, bromazepam, diazepam and lorazepam) and quetiapine. According to the European guidelines these drugs are not recommended for long-term use. Among all prescribed drugs for insomnia, only quetiapine, trazodone and clomethiazole are not potentially inappropriate drugs for elderly.
Drugs for treatment of pain were prescribed to 87 (88.8%) residents and altogether they received 12 different drugs. Most of the residents (66.7%) were taking a combination of tramadol and paracetamol, followed by paracetamol and metamizole. According to the guidelines the use of long-acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (in our case indomethacin and etoricoxib) are not recommended for the treatment of pain in elderly. Among the prescribed drugs for treatment of pain only indomethacin and etorocoxib belong to potentially inappropriate drugs for elderly. Maximum daily doses of drugs for treatment of insomnia or pain were exceeded in 5 residents. We identified potential drug interactions in 77 (78.5%) residents. All together we identified 212 interactions of type D and 9 interactions of type X. Most interactions of type D were caused by tramadol, zolpidem and quetiapine and most interactions of type X were caused by quetiapine
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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