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Mapping of essential elements of the Calicivirus TURBS (termination upstream ribosomal binding site) relevant for the termination/reinitiation mechanism
Get PDFGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Vergleichende Studien zum Einfluss des Nichtstrukturproteins NSs von verschiedenen Hantaviren auf Typ-1-Interferon Wege im Rötelmaus versus humanem System
No full textHantaviren besitzen das Potential, beim Menschen zwei Krankheiten hervorzurufen. Zum einen wird durch bestimmte Hantaviren das hämorrhagische Fieber mit renalem Syndrom und zum anderen das Hantavirus induzierte pulmonale Syndrom ausgelöst. Die Reservoirwirte für humanpathogene Hantaviren sind Nagetiere, die persistent infiziert werden, während der Mensch für Hantaviren einen Fehlwirt darstellt. Für den unterschiedlichen Verlauf der Hantavirusinfektion bei Fehl- und Reservoirwirt könnte das von einigen Hantaviren kodierte NSs-Protein, welches durch einen Leaky Scanning-Mechanismus an einem überlappenden offenen Leserahmen (ORF) der mRNA des Nukleokapsid (N)-Proteins am ersten AUG-Kodon nach dem Start-Kodon des N-Proteins exprimiert wird, verantwortlich sein. Das NSs-Protein ist ein möglicher Antagonist des Typ-1-Interferon (IFN-1) Signalweges. Die Zielstellung der Arbeit bestand deshalb darin, den Einfluss der NSs-Proteine des Laborstammes Puumala-Virus (PUUV-Sot) und des Feldstammes KS19/16 (PUUV-KS19/16) sowie von entsprechenden Derivaten, weiteren Wühlmaus-assoziierten Hantaviren Tula-Virus, (TULV); Khabarovsk-Virus, (KHAV); Prospect Hill-Virus, (PHV) und Neuwelt-Hantaviren Sin Nombre-Virus, (SNV); Andes-Virus, (ANDV) auf den IFN-1-Signalweg in humanen HEK-293-T-Zellen und Rötelmaus-Nierenzellen (MGN-R) zu vergleichen. Für diese vergleichenden Untersuchungen wurde das von Binder et al. (2021) etablierte humane System verwendet, während das Rötelmaus-System im Rahmen dieser Arbeit etabliert wurde. Dazu wurde der IFN-1-Signalweg durch die humanen sowie Rötelmaus-spezifischen Proteine Retinoic Acid Inducible Gene-I (RIG-1), Tank-Binding Kinase-1 (TBK-1) sowie die Kinase IKKepsilon (IKKε) induziert und die Inhibierung des humanen bzw. Rötelmaus-IFN-ß-Promotors durch die NSs-Proteine gemessen. Im humanen System konnte eine Inhibition des IFN-1-Signalweges durch alle getesteten NSs-Proteine bei Transfektion von 0,5 μg der NS-S-Protein-kodierenden Plasmide gezeigt werden. Im Rötelmaus-System inhibierten die NSs-Proteine von SNV und ANDV den RIG-I induzierten IFN-1-Signalweg. Eine Dosisabhängigkeit der Inhibition des IFN-1-Signalweges konnte in beiden Systemen für die NSs-Proteine von PUUV-Sot und TULV gezeigt werden Die NSs-Proteine von PUUV-Sot, SNV und ANDV inhibierten den RIG-1 induzierten IFN-1-Signalweg trotz einer geringeren Menge an synthetisiertem NSs-Protein im Vergleich zu TULV, KHAV und PHV gleich stark. Bei einer Anpassung der NSs-Proteinmenge im humanen System konnte nur noch für die NSs-Proteine von PUUV-Sot, SNV und ANDV eine Inhibierung des RIG-1 induzierten IFN-1-Signalweges gezeigt werden. Bei Anpassung der NSs-Proteinmenge wurde der RIG-1-induzierte IFN-1-Signalweg im Rötelmaus-System nur durch die NSs-Proteine von SNV und ANDV inhibiert. Bei Transfektion von 0,5 μg der NSs-Protein-Expressionsplasmide konnte in beiden Systemen durch keines der NSs-Proteine eine Inhibierung des durch TBK-1- und IKKε-induzierten IFN-1-Signalweges festgestellt werden. Bei Anpassung der NSs-Proteinmenge zeigte das NSs-Protein von ANDV eine Inhibierung des IKKε-induzierten IFN-1-Signalweges.The Hantaviruses have a potential to cause two different diseases in humans. These two types of diseases are the haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus-induced pulmonary syndrome. The reservoir hosts for human-pathogenic hantaviruses are the rodents, which become persistently infected by the hantaviruses. Humans represent a false host for the hantaviruses. The NSs protein, which is encoded by some hantaviruses, is expressed by a leaky scanning mechanism at an overlapping open reading frame (ORF) of the nucleocapsid (N) protein mRNA at the first AUG codon after the start codon of the N protein. The NSs-protein could be responsible for the different course of hantavirus infection in the false and reservoir hosts because it is a possible antagonist of the type 1 interferon (IFN-1) signaling pathway. The Aim of this masterthesis was to investigate the influence of the NSs proteins of the laboratory strain Puumala virus (PUUV-Sot) and field strain KS19/16 (PUUV-KS19/16) as well as corresponding derivatives. The influence of the NSs-proteins of the vole-associated hantaviruses (Tula virus), TULV; Khabarovsk virus, (KHAV); Prospect Hill virus, (PHV) and New World hantaviruses Sin Nombre-virus, (SNV); Andes virus, (ANDV) on the IFN-1-signalling pathway in human HEK-293-T cells and bank-vole kidney cells (MGN-R) was compared as well. For these studies, the human system, which was established by Binder et al. (2021) was used, while the bank-vole system was established as part of this work. For this purpose, the IFN-1- signaling pathway was induced by human as well as bank-vole-specific proteins retinoic acid inducible gene (RIG-1), Tank-Binding Kinase-1 (TBK-1) as well as IKKepsilon (IKKε) and the inhibition by the NSs proteins was measured. The inhibition of the IFN-1 signaling pathway by all NSs proteins tested was demonstrated upon transfection of 0.5 μg of the NS-S protein-encoding plasmids. In the bank vole system, the NSs proteins of SNV and ANDV inhibited the RIG-I induced IFN-1 signalling. A dose dependent inhibition of the RIG-1-induced IFN-1-signaling pathway can be shown in both systems for the NSs proteins of PUUV-Sot and TULV. Despite a lower amount of synthesized NSs-protein the inhibition of the IFN-1-signaling pathway by the NSs of PUUV-Sot, SNV and ANDV occured to the same extent compared to TULV, KHAV and PHV. The adjusted amount of NSs-protein in the human system showed an inhibition of the RIG-1-induced IFN-1 signalling pathway for the NSs proteins of PUUV-Sot, SNV and ANDV. In the bank vole system, an inhibition of the RIG-1-induced IFN-1-signaling could be observed by the NSs proteins of SNV and ANDV. In neither of the two systems, for transfection with 0.5 μg of the NSs protein expression plasmids, inhibition of the TBK-1- or IKKε-induced IFN-1 signaling pathway was detected by any of the NSs proteins. But an adjusted NSs-protein level of the NSs-protein of ANDV showed inhibition of the IKKε-induced IFN-1-signaling pathway
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