1,720,953 research outputs found
Clarity of situation descriptions in living wills in cases of incurable cancer
No full textIn dieser Arbeit wurde die Umsetzung von Patientenverfügungen bei nicht-heilbaren Krebserkrankungen mit Fokus auf die Eindeutigkeit der in gängigen Formulierungshilfen vorgeschlagenen Situationsbeschreibung „Endstadium einer unheilbaren, tödlich verlaufenden Krankheit […], selbst wenn der Todeszeitpunkt noch nicht absehbar ist“ untersucht.
Dazu wurde im Anschluss an einen Pretest eine Online-Befragung von Leitenden DKG-zertifizierter Krebszentren durchgeführt, an welcher 10,4% (91/874) teilnahmen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Umgang mit Patientenverfügungen zum klinischen Alltag der Befragten gehört und die Patientenverfügung als Entscheidungshilfe mit Einfluss auf die Behandlung krebskranker Patientinnen und Patienten wahrgenommen wird. 68,1% beurteilten die untersuchte Situationsbeschreibung als eher oder sehr eindeutig. Obwohl die meisten Befragten Auslegungsunterschiede im ärztlichen Team als selten oder nahezu nie vorkommend bezeichneten (65,9%), ergab die Untersuchung der Beurteilungen von drei fiktiven Fallvignetten in Bezug auf das Zutreffen auf die genannte Situationsbeschreibung eine nur sehr schwache, nahezu zufällige Übereinstimmung unter den Befragten (Fall 1 + Fall 3: 31,5% vs. 68,5%, Fall 2: 49,4% vs. 50,6%). Kontrastierend dazu wurde die eigene Beurteilung überwiegend als eher sicher oder sicher eingeschätzt (87,6 – 96,6%). Für die Zukunft der Patientenverfügung wünschten sich die Befragten spezifischere Formulierungen und mehr individuelle Angaben.
Die Ergebnisse können nicht generalisiert werden und der geringe Fragebogenrücklauf schränkt die Aussagekraft ein. Die stark divergierenden Beurteilungen signalisieren jedoch, dass auch bei Vorliegen einer Patientenverfügung derzeit nicht in jedem Fall von einer eindeutigen Entscheidungssituation ausgegangen werden kann. Das Bewusstsein über die Notwendigkeit der Auslegung und mögliche Beurteilungsunterschiede sollte unter Ärztinnen und Ärzten und Betroffenen geschärft werden. Es bedarf weiterer Untersuchungen zur Bestätigung der Ergebnisse und zur Klärung, ob eine Änderung der Formulierungshilfen oder ein ACP-Prozess die Eindeutigkeit steigern kann.This study examined the application of living wills in cases of incurable cancer, focusing on the clarity of the situation description used in common formulation aids: ‚terminal stage of an incurable, fatal disease […], even if the time of death is not yet foreseeable‘.
To this end, following a pre-test, an online survey was conducted among medical directors of DKG-certified cancer centers, in which 10.4% (91/874) participated. The results show that dealing with living wills is part of the respondents‘ everyday clinical practice and that living wills are perceived as a decision-making aid that influences the treatment of cancer patients. 68.1% rated the situation description examined as rather or very clear. Although most respondents described differences in interpretation within the medical team as rare or almost non-existent (65.9%), the analysis of the assessments of three fictious case vignettes in terms of their applicability to the situation description revealed only very weak, almost random agreement among the respondents (case 1 + case 3: 31.5% vs. 68.5%, case 2: 49.4% vs. 50.6%). In contrast, respondents’ own assessments were predominantly rated as rather certain or certain (87.6 – 96.6%). Respondents wanted more specific wording and more individual details for the future of living wills.
The results cannot be generalised, and the low response rate limits its significance. Nevertheless, the widely diverging assessments indicate that even when a living will is in place, it cannot always be assumed that the decision-making situation is clear. Awareness of the need for interpretation and possible differences in assessment should be raised among doctors and those affected. Further research is needed to confirm the results and to clarify whether a change in the wording aids or an ACP process can increase clarity
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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