490 research outputs found
Inspiratory lung function parameters in COPD: Response to clinical interventions
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129683.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 25 september 2014Promotor : Dekhuijzen, P.N.R. Co-promotor : Heijdra, Y.F
Dynamic effects of COPD, in and beyond the lung
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87191.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 09 juni 2011Promotor : Dekhuijzen, P.N.R. Co-promotores : Helvoort, H.A.C. van, Heijdra, Y.F., Hopman, M.T.E., Boer, M.J. de, Gosselink, R.140 p
Histomorphological features of combined forms of tuberculosis and lung cancer
No full textThe were studied pathological features of combined forms of tuberculosis and non-small cell lung cancer in 72 patients who underwent radical surgical resection interventions from transsternal access with mediastinal lymph node dissection, with predominance of pneumonectomy - 63.9%. There were identified three main categories of pathological changes: cancer on the background of post-tuberculosis changes, cancer in tuberculoma, cancer in the wall of the active cavity. Post-tuberculosis changes were presented by dense centers, fibrosis, cirrhosis areas, sanitized cavities with histological predominance of coarse fiber connective tissue with giant cell granulomas, with areas characterized by the appearance of the lung tissue with atypical proliferation and metaplasia of bronchopulmonary epithelium, which is a precancerous condition. This malignant tumor process was presented mainly by adenocarcinomas and squamous cell cancer and differred by polymorphic macro- and microscopic picture. Cancer in tuberculoma and fibrous wall cavity differed by pronounced activity of tuberculosis process in the form of lymphohistiocytic infiltration, foci of caseous necrosis and presence of expressed granulation layer of Pirogov-Langhans’ cells. The basic morphological causes of carcinogenesis due to secondary changes of lung tissue in patients with tuberculosis were determined. The features of metastasis of malignant tumors on the background of specific tuberculous and post-tuberculosis changes in regional lymph nodes and the interrelation between the frequency of metastatic lesions with severity of tuberculosis and post-tuberculosis changes in them were studied; this has clinical significance in the surgical treatment of patients with concomitant forms of tuberculosis and lung cancer
Immune response to exercise in patients with COPD.
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51341.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is increasingly being recognized as systemic rather than only a pulmonary disease. Increasing amounts of activated inflammatory cells, mediators and oxidative stress are not restricted to the local compartment- including airways, lung parenchyma, and pulmonary vasculature - but are also present in the circulation and even more pronounced during exacerbations. The origin and consequences of the systemic inflammation and oxidative stress present in COPD patients remains still to be elucidated. The interactions between exercise stress and the immune system provide a unique opportunity to link basic and clinical physiology and to evaluate the role of underlying stress and immunophysiologic mechanisms. Hypothetically, increased exposure to inflammation and oxidative stress might negatively affect tissues, e.g. skeletal muscles, and thereby play a role in the ongoing and progressive systemic effects of COPD. This thesis aimed to investigate the effects of exercise on the immune response in patients with COPD. It was found that both high and moderate cycling exercise further increases chronic systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with COPD. Especially within a subgroup of patients, namely muscle-wasted COPD patients, the exercise-induced systemic effects are elevated in comparison with healthy individuals and COPD patients without muscle wasting. Even six minutes walking was able to induce systemic responses in these muscle-wasted patients. Furthermore, the severity of muscle wasting was related to the increase of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, suggesting a causative relation between these systemic effects. Finally, it was shown that cycling with supplemental exercise diminished exercise-induced systemic inflammation and prevented oxidative stress. Mechanistically, both activation of neutrophils and ATP degradation were involved in these effects. In summary, only modest exercise induces a systemic inflammatory and oxidative response in especially muscle-wasted COPD patients. Chronic exposure to these effects might be involved in the ongoing progression of the diseaseRU Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 01 november 2006Promotor : Dekhuijzen, P.N.R. Co-promotor : Heijdra, Y.F.168 p
“Why did she love her mother’s so?”: L.E.L. Forging Corinne
No full text在十九世紀上半葉歐洲社會對於童話、民間故事的蒐集益加熱烈，民間傳說甚至被視為國族文化的基礎，特別是有關美人魚的傳說逐漸成為跨文化的神話典型之一。此類傳說由政治寓言的縮影，如法國中古傳奇《梅律欣》，轉型為浪漫個人主體追求的代言，如安徒生的《小美人魚》與斯黛夫人的《蔻琳，義大利》。英國女詩人蘭登將梅律欣半人半魚的混雜身體嫁接在蔻琳的聲音上，企求在文學商品化的時代脈動中，鑄煉自身文學的威信，能與當代女詩人的另一典範，有著?虔敬母親?之稱的賀曼絲並駕齊驅。蘭登的自我定義分為三個階段：第一、在〈即興女詩人〉一詩中，蘭登將女詩人蔻琳的即興表演發揮地淋漓盡致，更利用詩人聲音稍縱即逝的特性，她得以擊破流行文學雜誌與年鑑以視覺為賣點的策略。第二、在〈噴泉仙女〉一詩中，蘭登將市場對女性詩人兜售身體的要求，透過梅律欣身體的三重展演，轉化為對她們文字的珍視。第三、〈蔻琳在米賽納角〉一詩則具體而微地體現蘭登如何巧用視覺機制突顯文字的優勢，為斯黛夫人筆下失去義大利詩歌本真的蔻琳賦予聲音。本論文探討蘭登如何與斯黛夫人與賀曼絲這兩位?文學母親?的詩學遺產較勁，以梅律欣的?混合嫁妝?譬喻自己在十九世紀文學商業化潮流下的掙扎。The early decades of the nineteenth century witnessed a renewed interest in the folklore of the mermaid. This period of intensified nation-building and pursuit of individual spirit gradually shifted the political concerns of the medieval romance, such as in the French legend of M?lusine, to the struggle of Romantic author, such as in Corinne, or Italy (1807) by Germaine de Sta?l. Corinne, an improvisatrice of hybrid origin becomes a model for women writers in the nineteenth century. Their responses can be summed up in the polarized paradigm of the poetess represented by Felicia Dorothea Hemans, “the pious mother,” and Letitia Elizabeth Landon, the pretty verse maker.
Landon’s self-definition as a poetess against the model of Corinne develops in three phases in which she adjusts her alignment with her foremothers and finally finds a way out of the impasse bequeathed by them, namely the overwhelming emphasis on the body. First, in “The Improvisatrice,” Landon exploits Corinne’s performative art to exude the visual confines demanded by the popular periodicals and gift annuals. Second, in “The Fairy of the Fountains,” she adapts the matrilineal legend of M?lusine by crafting the word rather than the body of the Fairy into the crux of transgression. Third, in “Corinne at the Cape of Misena,” Landon uses her translation of Corinne’s last song to reinstate her virtuosity. This paper seeks to delineate the ways in which Landon forges her own authority as a new Corinne by capitalizing on the “mingled dower” of M?lusine
URI Disambiguation in the Context of Linked Data
No full textThe Linked Data initiative has given rise to an increasing number of RDF datasets, many of which are freely accessible online. These resources often arise as a result of database exports; however sufficient consideration may not be given to the unseen implications caused when they are used in the wider context of the Semantic Web. This paper investigates two popular resources, DBLP and DBpedia, and discusses whether the issues regarding identity management and co-reference resolution have been suitably addressed. We find that a large percentage of authors in DBLP have been conflated, and that disambiguation pages have been incorrectly linked using owl:sameAs within DBpedia. Systems for dealing with these issues are presented, and directions are given for future research
Lung Natural Helper Cells Are a Critical Source of Th2 Cell-Type Cytokines in Protease Allergen-Induced Airway Inflammation
No full textSummaryOverproduction of cytokines by T helper 2 (Th2) cells in the lung is thought to be a cause of asthma. Here we report that innate lymphocytes termed lung natural helper (LNH) cells are a T cell-independent source of Th2 cell-type cytokines in protease allergen-treated lungs. LNH (Lin−Sca-1+c-kit+/loCD25+CD127+) cells, when stimulated by IL-33 plus IL-2, IL-7, or thymic stroma lymphopoietin (TSLP), produced large amounts of IL-5 and IL-13. Intranasal administration of protease allergen papain induced eosinophil infiltration and mucus hyperproduction in the lung of wild-type and Rag1−/− mice, but not in Rag2−/−Il2rg−/− mice that lack LNH cells. LNH cell depletion inhibited papain-induced airway inflammation in Rag1−/− mice whereas adoptive transfer of LNH cells enabled Rag2−/−Il2rg−/− mice to respond to papain. Treatment of lung explants with papain induced IL-33 and TSLP production by stroma cells and IL-5 and IL-13 production by LNH cells. Thus, LNH cells are critical for protease allergen-induced airway inflammation
Dynamic hyperinflation during daily activities: does COPD global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease stage matter?
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88820.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: One of the contributors to exercise limitation in COPD is dynamic hyperinflation. Although dynamic hyperinflation appears to occur during several exercise protocols in COPD and seems to increase with increasing disease severity, it is unknown whether dynamic hyperinflation occurs at different severity stages according to the Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) in daily life. The present study, therefore, aimed to compare dynamic hyperinflation between COPD GOLD stages II-IV during daily activities. METHODS: Thirty-two clinically stable patients with COPD GOLD II (n = 10), III (n = 12), and IV (n = 10) participated in this study. Respiratory physiology during a daily activity was measured at patients' homes with Oxycon Mobile. Inspiratory capacity maneuvers were performed at rest, at 2-min intervals during the activity, and at the end of the activity. Change in inspiratory capacity is commonly used to reflect change in end-expiratory lung volume (DeltaEELV) and, therefore, dynamic hyperinflation. The combination of static and dynamic hyperinflation was reflected by inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) during the activity. RESULTS: Overall, increase in EELV occurred in GOLD II-IV without significant difference between the groups. There was a tendency for a smaller DeltaEELV in GOLD IV. DeltaEELV was inversely related to static hyperinflation. IRV during the daily activity was related to the level of airflow obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic hyperinflation occurs independent of GOLD stage during real-life daily activities. The combination of static and dynamic hyperinflation, however, increases with increasing airflow obstruction.01 mei 201
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