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Evaluación del Efecto del Estrés por Restricción de Movimiento sobre el Índice de la Enfermedad en un Modelo Murino de Colitis Ulcerativa Inducida por Dextrán Sulfato de Sodio
Get PDFIntroduction Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the mucosa that begins at the rectum and extends continuously throughout the colon. It has been documented that stress increases the development and exacerbation of intestinal diseases. Justification It is estimated that between 16% and 30% of the Mexican population suffers from ulcerative colitis, primarily affecting women under 45 years of age. For this reason, in this murine experimental project, it is of interest to evaluate colon damage induced by DSS (Dextran Sodium Sulfate) under stress conditions.. Objective To evaluate the changes induced by 2% DSS treatment in body weight, stool consistency, rectal bleeding, and colon length in stressed BALB/c mice. Methodology Male BALB/c mice weighing 22-25 grams were used. Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) was administered as a model for colitis induction. Mice were stressed by restraint stress for different periods, placing the animals in a small perforated plexiglass cylinder. The experimental groups were: Group 1: Baseline control. (CTLR) Group 2: Colitis (DSS 2%). Group 3: Baseline stress (STR). Group 4: Stress/colitis (DSS 2%+STR). The Disease Activity Index (DAI) was evaluated daily in all experimental groups. At the end of the treatments, the animals were 포로로 sacrificed, and their colons were sampled to evaluate their length. To compare data between two groups, the parametric Students t-test or the non-parametric Mann- Whitney U test was used. For comparisons among more than two groups, a one-way ANOVA or the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was applied. Differences were considered significant when P < 0.05. Results Compared to the control group, the DSS and DSS+STR groups showed a higher DAl and a shorter colon length from day 6 to day 14. Conclusion The data suggest that this model effectively mimics similarities with the disease observed in humans. This is highly useful in basic research as it allows for the evaluation of different treatments and comorbidities that influence the development of ulcerative colitis in humans.La colitis ulcerativa (CU) es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de la mucosa que inicia en el recto y se extiende de forma continua por todo el colon Se ha documentado que el estrés aumenta el desarrollo y exacerbación de enfermedades intestinales Justificación. Se estima que entre 16 y 30 por ciento de la población mexicana padece de colitis ulcerativa, afecta principalmente a mujeres menores de 45 años de edad. Por tal motivo es de interés en este proyecto experimental murino evaluar el daño en el colon inducido por el DSS (Dextrán Sulfato de Sodio) en condiciones de estrés Objetivo. Evaluar los cambios inducidos por el tratamiento con DSS al 2% en el peso corporal, la consistencia de las heces, el sangrado rectal y el tamaño del colon en ratones BALB/c estresados Metodología. Se trabajó con grupos de ratones BALB/c machos de 22-25 gramos de peso corporal. Se les administró Dextrán Sulfato de Sodio (DSS) como modelo de inducción de colitis. Los ratones se estresaron por restricción de movimiento a diferentes tiempos, colocando a los animales en un pequeño cilindro de plexiglás con paredes perforadas. Los grupos experimentales fueron: Grupo 1: Control basal. (CTLR) Grupo 2: Colitis (DSS 2%). Grupo 3: Estrés basal (STR). Grupo 4: Estrés/colitis (DSS 2%+STR). Se evaluó diariamente el DAI (Disease Activity Index) en todos los grupos experimentales. Una vez concluidos los tratamientos se sacrificaron a los animales y se muestreó el colon para su posterior medición. Para comparar datos entre dos grupos se aplicó la prueba paramétrica t de Student o bien con la prueba no paramétrica de U Mann-Whitney. Para comparaciones de más de dos grupos se aplicó el ANOVA de una vía o la prueba no paramétrica Kruskal Wallis. Las diferencias fueron consideradas significativas cuando P<0.05 Resultados. Comparados con el grupo control, el grupo DSS 2% y el DSS 2%+STR mostraron un DAl mayor y un tamaño de colon menor del día 6 al 14. Conclusión Los datos sugieren que este modelo mimetiza de manera efectiva similitudes con respecto a la enfermedad presentada en seres humanos. Esto es muy útil en la investigación básica dado que nos permite evaluar el uso de distintos tratamientos y comorbilidades que influyan el desarrollo de la colitis ulcerativa en humanos. Palabras clave: Colitis, Estrés, Colon, Índice de Actividad de la Enfermeda
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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