1,720,964 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Physical and virtual mobility: attempt of a theoretical model construction and first empirical findings
No full textThe contribution deals with possible interactions between an individual internet use, here understood as virtual mobility, and individual physical mobility. With the help of a model construction the basic thesis is put forward that virtual and physical mobility influence each other. With empirical results five different mobility types are identified regarding the purpose of their "purchase". In conclusion the relevance of different soziodemographic indicators for the explanation of individual mobility samples is found out
Zircular physical and virtual mobility - model construction and empirical findings at the example of the region of stuttgart
No full textMobilität und Kommunikation sind Grundbedürfnisse des Menschen und sowohl Voraussetzung als auch Resultat der vielfältigen und zunehmenden Vernetzung in einer sich globalisierenden Welt. Physisch-räumliche Mobilität, ver-standen als die Bewegung von Menschen und Gütern, findet auf sehr vielfältige Art und Weise statt: auf der Straße oder der Schiene, über das Wasser oder in der Luft. Kommunikation, im engeren Sinne der Transport von Informationen, findet statt persönlich von Mensch zu Mensch, über Leitungen oder per Funk. Waren Transport- und Kommunikationssphären in der Vergangenheit zwar voneinander abhängig, aber definitorisch doch klar zu trennen, so ist dies in Zeiten des Software-Download nicht mehr eindeutig möglich. Technisch ist die Option des Güter-Transports über Datennetze zwar schon länger gegeben, wirtschaftliche Bedeutung erlangte diese Art des Transportes aber erst durch die zunehmende Diffusion des Internet in den entwickelten Industrieländern. So ist beispielsweise für einen immer größer werdenden Kunden-kreis der physische Weg zum Händler nicht mehr zwangsläufig notwendig - bei bestimmten nicht-digitalen Produktgruppen, wie z.B. Büchern, kann sich so der physische Transportvorgang umkehren - das Buch kommt per Kurierdienst zum Kunden - oder er findet überhaupt nicht mehr statt, wie z.B. beim Software-Download.
Wenn man davon ausgeht, dass die Nutzung des Internet dazu führt, dass sich der Alltag der Nutzer grundsätzlich verändert, also nicht nur Substitut ist beispielsweise für den individuellen Fernsehkonsum, dann muss man folgerichtig auch davon ausgehen, dass sich die individuelle Mobilität der Menschen verändert. Denn physische Mobilitätsmuster sind nicht nur Selbstzweck, sondern Spiegelbild alltäglicher außerhäusiger Aktivitätenprogramme. Und wenn sich diese Aktivitäten-programme durch die Nutzung des Internet verändern, müssten sich auch die physischen Mobilitätsmuster verändern. Ganz konkret stellt sich also die Frage: Wie verändern sich individuelle Mobilitätsmuster im physischen Raum, wenn Teile alltäglicher Aktivitäten wie Einkauf, Arbeit und Freizeit ins Internet verlagert werden.
In Anlehnung an die These, dass neue Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien und deren Nutzung immer auch Veränderungen individueller Verhaltensmuster zur Folge haben, werden in dieser Arbeit vermutete Zusammenhänge zwischen individueller Internet-Nutzung und physischem Mobilitätsverhalten modelltheoretisch abgebildet und anhand von empirischen Daten zum Einkaufsverhalten in der Region Stuttgart überprüft. Die verwendeten empirischen Daten wurden erhoben vom Institut für Geographie der Universität Stuttgart im Rahmen des vom Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung geförderten Projektes MOBILIST. Laufzeit des Projektes war von 1998 bis 2002, beteiligt waren insgesamt 44 Partner aus Wirtschaft, Planung und Wissenschaft.
Mit der Methode der Clusteranalyse ist es in dieser Arbeit gelungen, je drei valide physische und virtuelle Typen des Einkaufsverhaltens für die Untersuchungsräume Stuttgart und Weinstadt, verstanden als unterschiedliche geographische Lebensmittelpunkte, zu identifizieren. Bezogen auf das physische Einkaufsverhalten ließen sich für beide Teilräume markante Gruppen identifizieren, die sich sowohl bezogen auf den Einkaufsort als auch auf die Verkehrsmittelwahl für den Einkauf signifikant unterscheiden. So gibt es, offensichtlich relativ unabhängig vom Wohnort, einen Pkw-affinen Typus, der überall einkauft, einen für den öffentlichen Verkehr eher aufgeschlossenen Typus, der gerne auch in der Stuttgarter City einkauft und schließlich den fußläufig wohnortorientierten Typus. Zu den virtuellen Einkaufstypen ist festzuhalten, dass die Gruppe derjenigen Personen, die zum Zeitpunkt der telefonischen Erhebungen noch nicht im Internet eingekauft hatten, die deutliche Mehrheit stellten. Deshalb mussten die virtuellen Typen analytisch auch eher als potentielle Typen angelegt werden, denn als Typen des tatsächlichen Einkaufsverhaltens.
Wie erwartet, konnte für beide untersuchten Teilräume Stuttgart und Weinstadt ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen physischer und virtueller Einkaufsmobilität festgestellt werden, allerdings war die Stärke des Zusammenhangs eher mäßig ausgeprägt. Ebenfalls nachgewiesen werden konnte ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen verschiedenen unabhängigen sozioökonomischen Dimensionen und den ermittelten (Einkaufs-)Mobilitätstypen.Mobility and communication are basic needs of man and both prerequisite and result of the various networking of local space and economies. Spatial mobility, understood as the possibility to move people, goods and information, takes place in various ways: With goods and people on the street, across the water or in the air, with information face-to face, over lines or by radio. Even though transportation and communication spheres depended on each other in the past, they could be clearly distinguished by definition. Yet, in times of software download, telework and virtual communities this is no longer easily possible. Technically the option of digital transport of information or goods has already been existing for some time. However, this way of transportation has only gained economic and social meaning by the increasing diffusion of the internet in the developed industrial societies. Today for example, it is still necessary for most of the customers to go to a dealer in order to purchase a product. The internet has increasingly changed the transportation process (at least for certain product groups): the customer no longer comes to the product, but the product comes to the customer - this has an immediate effect on the distribution traffics no matter whether it is a digital or a non-digital good. However, these basic changes not only concern the economic sphere, but also the private way to communicate has been changing very quickly and comprehensively, too: almost half of the population in the Federal Republic uses the internet in their every-day-life.
Since we have the basic historical knowledge that the conception of the people also changes with a certain time lag when new technologies are introduced, the question is not whether but how the internet changes our professional and private every-day-life - and thus our mobility patterns. With regard to private traffic change or substitution is suspected especially in the areas of telework and e-commerce because the internet makes work and shopping possible independent of space and time. This at least partially existing possibility of "spaceless" human interactions leads, from a geographic perspective, to the fundamental question what interactions there are between virtual and physical space and the corresponding flows of traffic.
For the question to be answered in this work about this connection between physical and virtual mobility it is assumed that individual mobility and corresponding mobility patterns are an essential component of a corresponding disposition. In the inversion of an argument it can be assumed that the variables which determine the position of a person in the social context also greatly influence at least the amount of the mobility possibilities of an individual. Despite the social trend of individualization and the thus obliged lifestyle research, the main emphasis is put on the classic stratification variables like "education" or "position in the life cycle". Since however fundamental knowledge about the possible connections between virtual and physical mobility has been missing, the possible fundamental connections between certain use and mobility patterns and certain socio-economic groups are in the centre of the interest.
The empirical check of the postulated interactions between physical and virtual mobility was carried out by evaluation of three elevations (online and offline) in the context of the project MOBILIST to the topic complex "shopping and internet". So the empirical results represented in this contribution only refer to a section of the individual behaviour: the supply and thus the coherent mobility patterns. Despite this partial consideration the results present a good insight into the interactions between physical and virtual mobility. With the method of cluster analysis altogether three physical types and three virtual mobility types could be clearly identified concerning "purchase". If one looks at the types in detail, it can be stated that there is a relatively strong connection between "flexible" physical mobility types and the internet-buying virtual mobile types. A strong connection particularly exists between the physically place bound and the virtually immobile types.
If one examines the derived mobility types with regard to their dependence on sociodemographic dimensions, it has to be stated that both the indicator income, the education, the household size and the place of residence contribute significantly to the explanation of the mobility types.
In conclusion it must be noticed that presumed connections between physical and virtual mobility types can be confirmed with the results of this contribution. And it seems that it is true that the same socio-economic factors have an influence on physical as well as virtual mobility
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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