1,720,985 research outputs found
Prevention and Control of Hospital-Related Infections in Low and Middle Income Countries~!2010-02-28~!2010-05-06~!2010-09-14~!
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Addressing barriers in antimicrobial stewardship: a guide from research to implementation
No full textAIM: This review aimed to identify barriers to the implementing Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) programs and recommend solutions to address these challenges. BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health threat and AMS programs are crucial for optimizing antimicrobial use and reducing resistance. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria focusing on barriers to AMS implementation. RESULTS: Many countries lack or fail to implement National Action Plans (NAPs) on AMR; regulatory gaps like over-the-counter antibiotic sales have impact on AMS efforts. Preventive measures such as infection prevention and control, vaccination, sanitation and hygiene are often low priorities. Developing countries face resource constraints, including limited human resources, diagnostics, and antibiotic access. The absence of national guidelines and training exacerbates knowledge gaps. Siloed work environments often inhibit interdisciplinary collaboration; cultural habits, prescriber autonomy, self-medication, patient compliance, poor surveillance data, and pharmaceutical industry influence pose additional barriers to AMS.To overcome these barriers, governments should enforce NAPs, establish strict regulatory frameworks, and prioritize preventive measures. Strong leadership, integration of AMS into national policies, and resource allocation are crucial. Bridging knowledge gaps through guidelines and training, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration, and raising public awareness are essential. Regulating the pharmaceutical industry, investing in robust surveillance systems, and evaluating principles are also important tools. CONCLUSIONS: Overcoming AMS barriers needs a holistic approach. Addressing these barriers can bridge the gap between scientific evidence and real-world practices, leading to more effective AMR management
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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