6,851 research outputs found
Ma Huan (original author), Wan Ming (ed.) Ming chaoben " Yingya shenglan " jiaozh
No full textPtak Roderich. Ma Huan (original author), Wan Ming (ed.) Ming chaoben " Yingya shenglan " jiaozh. In: Archipel, volume 71, 2006. Autour de la peinture à Java. Volume II. pp. 240-244
The politics of fashion: perceptions of power in female clothing and ornamentation as reflected in the sixteenth-century Chinese novel Jin Ping Mei
Full text linkThis thesis examines issues of female power and influence in sixteenth-century China focusing on how women and their roles were perceived in the changing social environment of the mid-late Ming dynasty. Using aspects of a New Historicist approach, information from contemporary literary and historical sources are analysed alongside each other. With its emphasis on the lives of women and preoccupation with the description of material objects, the late Ming novel Jin Ping Mei forms an important element in the thesis. China in the sixteenth century saw expanding urbanisation, the emergence of a new wealthy merchant class, increasing visibility of women and a questioning of traditional morality. Fashion consciousness, as one of the most conspicuous aspects of the new material culture, is a possible indicator of these trends. Traditional Western theories contend that fashion began in the particular context of Renaissance Europe. However, this study argues that a similar fashion awareness existed in China too, and was manifested in a competitive striving for social status, in this case specifically among women. In contrast to previous studies which downplayed the impact women had on defining traditional Chinese culture, this thesis demonstrates how women and their sartorial choices began to redefine the boundaries of material culture, influencing literati discourse which, in turn, re- influenced female behaviour
Preparation and Chemical Reactions of Ruthenium Cp Phosphine Complexes with 1,6-Endiyne.
No full text利用五種含有末端丙炔醇和以三甲基矽保護的末端炔相連結的1,6-雙炔化合物與氯配位釕金屬之三苯基磷化合物[Ru]-Cl ([Ru] = Cp(PPh3)2Ru)可以生成兩種不同形式的錯合物。在第一種形式,釕金屬化合物只與末端丙炔醇進行反應可以生成釕金屬亞乙烯基錯合物，釕金屬亞丙烯基錯合物，與釕金屬炔基錯合物。在第二種形式的產物中，1,6-雙炔化合物中有一碳碳鍵的生成可得到釕金屬丙烯基碳烯錯合物。化合物1與氯配位釕金之三苯基磷化合物反應會得到第一種形式的混合產物，分別為釕金屬亞丙烯基錯合物8與磷基加成之釕金屬炔基錯合物9，後者為一個三苯基磷加成雙炔配位基的三號位置碳上。加入過量的三苯基磷於反應中即可以得到單一錯合物9。然而，在1,6雙炔化合物中引入一個甲基取代於1,6-雙炔化合物三號碳位置與氯配位釕金屬之三苯基磷化合物反應會得到同樣有磷基加成在配位基上的釕金屬丙烯基碳烯錯合物11。這反應包含了兩個炔基同時配位在金屬上進行環化反應，同時伴隨著三苯基磷的遷移至1,6-雙炔配位基的一號位置碳上。在這兩種反應中，可以觀察到炔基對三苯基磷有很強的結合力，使得碳磷鍵的生成有不同的位向選擇性。利用鹽酸與五個電子配位的釕金屬丙烯基碳烯錯合物11反應可以得到高產率含有四個電子配位的1,3-丁二烯基與氯配位的金屬錯合物12。含有正丁基取代在丙烯醇的雙炔化合物3與釕金屬錯合物反應，可以同時獲得釕金屬亞丙烯基錯合物13與釕金屬丙烯基錯合物14。而利用化合物7與含氯取代的釕金屬錯合物反應則可同時獲得釕金屬亞乙烯基錯合物16與釕金屬丙烯基錯合物17。五個錯合物9，11，12，13，16的結構鑑定可以藉由X光繞射分析確定。
另外我們又研究了一系列釕金屬炔基化合物環化反應。這一系列的釕金屬炔基化合物可以由釕金屬亞丙烯基錯合物或者磷基加成在配位基上的釕金屬炔基錯合物製備而成。在鹼性條件下我們可以利用不同的醇類或者利用四丁基氟化銨在四氫呋喃溶液下將末端炔進行去保護反應得到一系列的烷氧基加成在雙炔配位基三號位置的釕金屬炔基化合物。對錯合物19進行質子化反應，可以得到釕金屬亞乙烯基錯合物混合產物20和20`，這兩個金屬錯合物可能是經由釕金屬炔基π-配位錯合物隨後發生氫和金屬的遷移。對錯合物21a - d而言，有一個碳碳鍵生成的環化反應發生在β碳和末端炔基上而形成一個六員環的釕金屬亞乙烯基錯合物。這個反應可能是經由6-endo-dig的反應途徑。這些環化的釕金屬亞乙烯基錯合物22a - d在與酸性媒介反應可以生成釕金屬烷氧基碳烯錯合物25a及25b，或者釕金屬醯基錯合物26，並且結構中都含有一個萘圓環。這樣的1,3-烷氧基的遷移可能是經由中間物金屬碳炔化合物而得到。不同於金屬炔基錯合物19，錯合物4N擁有一個缺電子的吡啶芳香環，並且能夠與鹽類六氟磷酸鉀與氯仿反應生成環化的亞乙烯基錯合物5N。這些所有的環化亞乙烯基錯合的結構是由核磁共振光譜分析鑑定，而金屬醯基錯合物則是利用X光單晶繞射鑑定結構。Reactions of five 1,6-diynes 1, 1N, 2, 3 and 7, each with one terminal propargylic alcohol and one internal triple bond containing Me3Si groups, with [Ru]-Cl ([Ru] = Cp(PPh3)2Ru) led to two types of products. In the first type, only the propargylic group involves in the reaction leading to vinylidene, allenylidene or acetylide complexes. A C-C bond formation of two triple bonds in 1,6-diynes gave allylcarbene products of the second type. The reaction of 1 with [Ru]-Cl yielded only the first type, giving a mixture of two cationic complexes; the allenylidene complex 8 and the phosphonium acetylide complex 9, the latter resulting from further addition of a phosphine molecule to Cγ of 8. The same reaction in the presence of excess phosphine gave 9 only. However, with an additional methyl group, the 1,6-diyne 2 reacted with [Ru]-Cl to give the allylcarbene complex 11 also with a phosphonium group on the ligand. The reaction proceeds by a cyclization reaction involving two triple bonds on the metal accompanied with a migration of a phosphine ligand to Cα. In both reactions strong affinity between alkyne and phosphine was observed resulting in formations of P-C bonds in different regioselectivity. Addition of HCl to 11 transforms the five-electron donor allylcarbene ligand to the four-electron donor diene ligand along with formation of a Ru-Cl bond giving complex 12 in high yield. From the reaction of [Ru]-Cl with diyne 3 containing a t-butyl group at the propargylic carbon, both the allenylidene complex 13 and the allylcarbene complex 14 were obtained. The reaction of diyne 7 with [Ru]-Cl also gave both types of complexes, namely the vinylidene complex 16 and the allylcarbene complex 17. Crystal structures of complexes 9, 11, 12, 13, and 16 are determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
We also studied the cyclic reaction of a series of the acetylide complexes. These acetylide complexes were prepared from the allenylidene or phosphonium acetylide complexes which using the Cp(PPh3)2RuCl and 1,6-diyne-4-ene-3-ol connected with an aromatic group in presence of KPF6 in CH2Cl2. Deprotection of the terminal alkyne were carried out in different alcohol solution under basic condition or TBAF in THF solution gave a series of acetylide complexes with terminal alkyne group. For 19, protonation of acetylide complex can lead two vinylidene complexes 20 and 20’ which possibly via a π-coordinated alkynyl complex followed by hydrogen and metal migration. For 21a - d, a C-C bond-forming cyclization reaction is occurred at Cβ and the terminal alkyne to generate a six-member ring in the vinylidene complex. The reaction may undergo a 6-endo-dig reaction pathway. These cyclic vinylidene complexes 22a - d under acidic-medium condition could form the alkoxy carbene 25a - b or acyl complexe 26 which with a naphathyl ring in the structure. This 1,3-alkoxy migration might via metal carbene complex as an intermediate. For 4N, that the difference to the acetylide complex 19 is containing an electrophilic pyridinyl ring, it could form the cyclic vinylidene complex 5N in presence of KPF6 in CHCl3. All structures determinations of the cyclic vinylidene complexes are using NMR spectra analysis and the acyl complex is using the single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis
[[alternative]]A Study of the Dharma-protecting Deities and the State Protective Thought in The Jin Guang Ming Jing
No full text[[abstract]] 《金光明經》是大乘佛教中具有重要影響力的佛教經典，其護國利民的功德從中亞到中國、日本、韓國皆受到重視，亦在東亞地區廣受信奉。 本文以《金光明經》義理分析的視角，探究《金光明經》的護法神及佛教護國思想。筆者試從《金光明經》譯本探究，來探討各品主要思想重點。並從中探討《金光明經》中的護法神，其修持佛道及護佑眾生的利益；乃至發掘護法神於《金光明經》中，護國、護民的功德。面對現今全球的疫情，筆者也試圖從《金光明經》教義中，發掘人類透過自我的覺察消弭疫情之道，並達成《金光明經》對現代社會的關懷。[[abstract]] The Jin Guang Ming Jing is an influential Buddhist text in Mahayana Buddhism, and its virtue of protecting the nation and benefiting the people is valued from Central Asia to China, Japan, and Korea, and is also widely believed in East Asia. This paper uses the perspective of theoretical analysis to explore the Dharma-protecting deities and the Buddhist idea of protecting the nation in the Jin Guang Ming Jing.The author attempts to explore the main points of each chapter from the translations of the Jin Guang Ming Jing. This study also explores the Dharma-protecting deities in the Jin Guang Ming Jing; benefits of their practice of the Buddhist path and their protection of sentient beings; and even explores the merits of the Dharma-protecting deities in the Jin Guang Ming Jing in protecting the nation and its people. In the face of the current global pandemic, the author also attempts to explore from the teachings of the Jin Guang Ming Jing the way for human beings to eliminate the pandemic through self-awareness, thus realizing the Jin Guang Ming Jing concern for contemporary society
Special issue: Process safety in times of a pandemic
No full textGreen Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Safety and Security Scienc
Local Immune Reaction in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, with Special Refere to Its Prognostic Evaluation
No full textEffect of Craniallrradiation on Hypothalamus-Pituitary Function:Follow-Up Study one Year After Radiotherapy
No full text[[alternative]]A Study on Community Schools (She-hsueh) in the Ming Dynasty
No full text[[abstract]]The main purpose of this paper is to study the development of community schools (She-hsueh) in the Ming Dynasty by the local chronicles and the official documents of the Ming Dynasty.
The main findings of this study are as follows:
1.She-hsueh emerged from the Yuan Dynasty and lasted to the Ming Dynasty. They were the local quasi-government schools and became well-organized in the Ming Dynasty.
2.Basically, She-hsueh were quasi-government schools. However, as to their teachers, students and curriculum, they had the nature of private schools. Besides, one goal of them was to educate all people. She-hsueh had multiple characteristics: as to their students, which were elementary schools; as to student numbers, which became popular; as to their function, which were a kind of social education but not compulsory education.
3.During the Ming Dynasty, at least 11,967 community schools were established all over the county.
4.The development of She-hsueh were affected by the factors such as emperors' order, the guidance and control of the superintendents, the commitment and involvement of local officials and the devotion of Wang Yang-ming and his disciples.
5.The significance of She-hsueh in history may be generalized as three aspects: first, She-hsueh were one of main means to realize the government’s policies for political socialization and also the function of social control. Second, the level of She-hsueh were lower than that of local government schools. Third, She-hsueh were one kind of Elementary schools in the Ming Dynasty.
In short, the Ming She-hsueh enlarged the educational opportunity for commoners in county or town for the first time. The devotion and influence of them could not be ignored in the ancient history of Chinese education .
Introduction to the Song-Yuan-Ming Transition in Chinese History
No full textAbridged translation of my \u27Introduction\u27 to The Song-Yuan-Ming Transition in Chinese History by Zhang Yi. -- author-supplied description
Espin dui chu sheng hou xiao shu xiao nao de Pujinshi xi bao de shu tu fa zhan zhi yan jiu
No full textLui, Nga Chu.Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2014.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-92).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 12, December, 2016).Lui, Nga Chu
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