1,720,988 research outputs found
Building a path towards responsible use of Biometrics
No full textLike many other enterprises, humanitarian organizations are investing in their digital transformation. In this sector, an important effort is put into biometric solutions. The ICRC has been exploring new ways of how they could integrate biometrics into their beneficiary programs, as these technologies could improve the efficacy of assistance as well as permit new ways of helping people across the globe. However, despite the potential advantages, the humanitarian imperative of “Do no harm” must be ensured before any new application or implementation of new technologies is integrated into humanitarian operations. As a means to ensure the individual's privacy, dignity and safety, the ICRC needs to evaluate if biometric authentication systems could lead to any harm to individuals. In this work, we assess the different parts of biometric authentication systems and investigate their potential risks and vulnerabilities. We further evaluate existing biometric security frameworks and extend on them by integrating the distribution of components over functional parties. With our framework we managed to construct three different models for general biometric authentication and assessed their individual functional advantages as well as their sensitivity to external and internal attacks. Though our framework provides evaluation of general systems, we hope our research will provide the ICRC a better foothold in this rapidly expanding field.DCSLSPRIN
Security against adversaries with privileged access
Full text linkIn designing for security, one needs to specify an adversary model: what computations can they make and what do they have access to? What security guarantee can we achieve against that adversary?
Motivated by concrete scenarios, this thesis looks into adversaries that benefit from being in close physical proximity to the user, obtaining up to endpoint secrets. In addition, due to the locality of the adversary, they are also a Dolev-Yao adversary on the communications network. These adversaries also benefit from power imbalance between them and the user; due to this, security systems should be designed with care: users and adversaries are humans before principals in
a security protocol.
From the system’s point of view, these adversaries may be authenticated as the user, or have access to other information in the physical proximity of the user, hence having privileged access. This thesis designs security systems against two adversaries with such privileged access.
The first adversary, a surveillant adversary, has full access to the user’s device output(e.g., visual access to the user’s device screen), as well as the user’s application layer data. Against an adversary with continuous presence, we design an architecture where the user can signal distress to a trusted third party through an online mechanism, without being detected by the adversary. Our second adversary, an
intrusive adversary, has full access to the user’s device for a limited amount of time: during that time, the system cannot distinguish between the user and the adversary. We propose an architecture where a user can guarantee data confidentiality during the period of control, and discuss authentication mechanisms to provide authentication of the user after the period, even though the adversary
has compromised the entire device.
In each our security design, we provide a full security analysis and discuss our design decisions. We discuss how this thesis fits into the research landscape, and outline limitations and future work
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
