1,721,055 research outputs found
Local anesthetics with additives for single shot nerve block: What are the benefits and risks?
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Polyphase post-Variscan thinning of the North Pyrenean crust: Constraints from the P-T-t-deformation history of the exhumed Variscan lower crust (Saleix Massif, France)
No full textAs part of the Variscan orogen, the Pyrenean realm has undergone several rifting episodes, starting from the Permian-Carboniferous post-orogenic collapse and culminating with mid-Cretaceous lithospheric mantle exhumation. We present the Pressure-Temperature-time-deformation (P-T-t-d) evolution of the tonalite bodies (here described for the first time) intruded in the late Carboniferous high pressure (HP) granulites of the Saleix Complex, forming the inner envelope of the Lherz peridotites (Aulus Basin, Ariège, France), that is used as a proxy to reconstruct the post-Hercynian evolution of the Pyrenean continental crust. By integrating textural investigations with metamorphic thermobarometry, and zircon and titanite U[sbnd]Pb geochronology, we (i) constrain timing and thermo-baric conditions related to the transition from magma emplacement to solid-state syn-tectonic deformation in tonalite(s); and (ii) discuss implications on the polyphase exhumation history of the granulite host rocks. Emplacement of the Saleix tonalite(s) took place in the early Permian (ca. 281 Ma), in a thermo-baric environment (P = 0.5 ± 0.1 GPa and T = 750–880 ± 20 °C) attesting for an important thinning of the Pyrenean crust at the end of the Variscan cycle. Solid-state deformation occurred during the mid-Cretaceous (ca. 96 Ma), at shallow crustal depths (≤10 km) and under amphibolite facies metamorphic conditions. These results document that rifting events had already thinned the Pyrenean crust prior to the Cretaceous mantle exhumation and that the lower crust was affected by ductile deformation during the Cretaceous rifting. Our study demonstrates that in the Pyrenean realm the Permian crustal thinning played a very important role and that mantle exhumation resulted from polyphase post-Variscan, Permian-to-Cretaceous crustal thinning episodes
San Venanzo intrappenninic volcanic complex, Part I: textural constraints and preliminary definition of volatiles in kamafugitic magmas.
No full textPetrogenesis of the Sabongari alkaline complex, cameroon line (central Africa): Preliminary petrological and geochemical constraints
No full textThe petrography, mineral chemistry and geochemical features of the Sabongari alkaline complex are presented and discussed in this paper with the aim of constraining its petrogenesis and comparing it with other alkaline complexes of the Cameroon Line. The complex is mainly made up of felsic rocks: (i) granites predominate and include pyroxene-amphibole (the most abundant), amphibole-biotite, biotite and pyroxene types; (ii) syenites are subordinate and comprise amphibole-pyroxene and amphibole-biotite quartz syenites; (iii) pyroxene-amphibole-biotite trachyte and (iv) relatively abundant rhyolite. The minor basic and intermediate terms associated with felsic rocks consist of basanites, microdiorite and monzodioites. Two groups of pyroxene bearing rocks are distinguished: a basanite-trachyte-granite (Group 1) bimodal series (SiO2 gap: 44 and 63wt.%) and a basanite-microdiorite-monzodiorite-syenite-granite (Group 2) less pronounced bimodal series (reduced SiO2 gap: 56-67wt.%). Both are metaluminous to peralkaline whereas felsic rocks bare of pyroxene (Group 3) are metaluminous to peraluminous. The Group 1 basanite is SiO2-undersaturated (modal analcite in the groundmass and 11.04wt.% normative nepheline); its Ni (240ppm) and Cr (450ppm) contents, near mantle values, indicate its most primitive character. The Group 2 basanite is rather slightly SiO2-saturated (1.56wt.% normative hypersthene), a marker of its high crustal contamination (low Nb/Y-high Rb/Y). The La/Yb and Gd/Yb values of both basanites (1: 19.47 and 2.92; 2: 9.09 and 2.23) suggest their common parental magma composition, and their crystallization through two episodes of partial melting (2% and 3% respectively) of a lherzolite mantle source with <4% residual garnet. The effects of crustal contamination were selectively felt in the values of HFSE/LREE, LREE/LILE and LREE/HFSE ratios, known as indicators. Similar features have been recently obtained in the felsic lavas of the Cameroon Volcanic Line. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd
Stratigraphy, geochronology and evolution of the Mt. Melbourne volcanic field (North Victoria Land, Antarctica)
No full textMt. Melbourne (2,732 ma.s.l.) is a large quiescent
stratovolcano located in Northern Victoria Land
(Antarctica) and is one of a handful of volcanoes on the
Antarctic plate with the potential for large-scale explosive
eruptions. During the XVIII Italian Expedition in 2002–
2003, the Mt. Melbourne volcanic succession was studied
in terms of stratigraphy and sampled for 40Ar/39Ar age
determinations and geochemistry. The early, Lower Pleistocene,
volcanism was largely alkali basaltic to hawaiitic in
composition and monogenetic in style, producing tens of
small scoria cones and lava flows scattered over a wide area
across the Transantarctic Mountains (Random Hills Period).
During the Middle Pleistocene, volcanic activity focused to
the area of the Mt. Melbourne stratovolcano, where several
monogenetic centres show the transition from early subglacial/
subaqueous conditions to emergent subaerial conditions
(Shield Nunatak Period). The oldest exposed deposit
associated with the early activity of the Mt. Melbourne
stratovolcano (Mt. Melbourne Period) is a trachytic subaerial
ignimbrite dated at 123.6±6.0 ka, which reflects the
establishment of a crustal magma chamber. Above the ignimbrite
a succession of alkali basaltic, hawaiitic, and subordinate
benmoreitic lavas and scoria cones is exposed,
dated at 90.7±19.0 ka. The Holocene deposits are exposed
at the top of Mt. Melbourne, where the crater rim is composed
of trachytic to rhyolitic pumice fall deposits, which
are also extensively dispersed around the volcano, likely
originated from Plinian-scale eruptions. The most recent
explosive deposit proved difficult to date accurately because
very low quantities of radiogenic 40Ar were released, resulting
in imprecise plateau ages of 50±70 and 35±22 ka
Reconstruction of rocks petrophysical properties as input data for reservoir modeling
No full textThe worldwide increasing energy demand triggered studies focused on defining the underground energy potential even in areas previously discharged or neglected. Nowadays, geological gas storage (CO2 and/or CH4) and geothermal energy are considered strategic for low-carbon energy development. A widespread and safe application of these technologies needs an accurate characterization of the underground, in terms of geology, hydrogeology, geochemistry, and geomechanics. However, during prefeasibility study-stage, the limited number of available direct measurements of reservoirs, and the high costs of reopening closed deep wells must be taken into account. The aim of this work is to overcome these limits, proposing a new methodology to reconstruct vertical profiles, from surface to reservoir base, of: (i) thermal capacity, (ii) thermal conductivity, (iii) porosity, and (iv) permeability, through integration of well-log information, petrographic observations on inland outcropping samples, and flow and heat transport modeling. As case study to test our procedure we selected a deep structure, located in the medium Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy). Obtained results are consistent with measured data, confirming the validity of the proposed model. Notwithstanding intrinsic limitations due to manual calibration of the model with measured data, this methodology represents an useful tool for reservoir and geochemical modelers that need to define petrophysical input data for underground modeling before the well reopening
An approach to reconstruct the thermal history in active magmatic systems: Implications for the Los Humeros volcanic complex, Mexico
No full textReconstructing the thermal history in active volcanic complexes characterized by multiple magmatic events is challenging due to the limited knowledge of the nature and extent of the transient heat sources. Although understanding of the geometry and architecture of a magmatic system is of prime importance for accurate temperature assessments, it is still one of the most uncertain parameters in numerical models. In this work, we presented a methodology for thermal assessment in active volcanic systems, whereby field-based geological, geochemical and petrological data are integrated to define the transient heat sources of a magma plumbing system. This time-varying heat source conceptual model is applied in the Los Humeros Volcanic Complex, an active Quaternary caldera complex in the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt, for evaluating the thermal footprint related to the major volcanic events. The site is characterized by two caldera-forming eruptions, the Los Humeros (164 000 years ago) and the Los Potreros (69 000 years ago) and numerous episodes of post-caldera bi-modal volcanism during Holocene period (8 000 – 3 000 years old). The transient nature of the heat sources is implemented as time-varying temperature boundary conditions and the complete temporal evolution for a period of 182 000 years is simulated in 13 modeling stages. The thermal impact due to the voluminous caldera-forming events and the later short-lived magma pockets of Holocene ages is simulated by emplacing heat sources in the numerical model distributed heterogeneously in space and active at different instants of time. The depth, volume and age of the magma pockets are constrained from geochemical, petrological, geochronological and thermo-barometric analysis of erupted material. The present temperature state obtained from this approach agrees well with the temperature data recorded in the geothermal wells. The thermal footprint of the individual volcanic events indicates that almost 80 % of the present-day thermal contribution results from the massive caldera-forming events. The post-caldera Holocene magma pockets had additionally increased temperatures locally by 10 % - 20 % depending on the volumes and ages of the magma pockets. The present-day thermal regime of the younger Holocene magma pockets suggests existence of super-hot resources at shallow depths in the southern part of the geothermal field, making it a potential site for future exploration activities
SanVenanzo intrappenninic volcanic complex, Part II: mineral chemistry evolution related to volatiles in kamafugitic magmas
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