77 research outputs found
21st Century Neighborhood:
No full textGladys Haddad continues to explore the Greater University Circle Initiative and how it hopes to bring community wealth and economic inclusion to these neighborhoods of Cleveland. This conversation focuses on the 21st Century Urban Neighborhood with a combination of new and old residents, sustainable businesses, and collaborative environments. The session was held at the Shorebank Enterprise Center in Glenville, this session brings together Andrew Watterson (Program Director, Office of Sustainability, City of Cleveland), Holly Harlan (President and Founder, Entrepreneurs for Sustainability) and Chris Bongorno (Associate Planner, University Circle Inc) to discuss the Greater University Initiative. Part two was held at the Shorebank Enterprise Center in Glenville, this session brings together Steven Kiel (Managing Director, Hudson Consulting Group), Genna Petrolla (Greater Circle Living Manager Dorothy Adams (Glenville Resident) and Donald Hunt (Hough Resident, Deputy Registrar, Case Western Reserve University) to discuss the Greater University Initiative and to discuss how to create a 21st century neighborhood with traditional and new residents
[Photograph 2012.201.B1398.0342]
No full textPhotograph used for a newspaper owned by the Oklahoma Publishing Company. Caption: "Enoch C. Watterson
Nicotine-induced place conditioning and locomotor activity in an adolescent animal model of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
No full textabstract: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a risk factor for tobacco use and dependence. This study examines the responsiveness to nicotine of an adolescent model of ADHD, the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). The conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure was used to assess nicotine-induced locomotion and conditioned reward in SHR and the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) control strain over a range of nicotine doses (0.0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg). Prior to conditioning, SHRs were more active and less biased toward one side of the CPP chamber than WKY rats. Following conditioning, SHRs developed CPP to the highest dose of nicotine (0.6 mg/kg), whereas WKYs did not develop CPP to any nicotine dose tested. During conditioning, SHRs displayed greater locomotor activity in the nicotine-paired compartment than in the saline-paired compartment across conditioning trials. SHRs that received nicotine (0.1, 0.3, 0.6 mg/kg) in the nicotine-paired compartment showed an increase in locomotor activity between conditioning trials. Nicotine did not significantly affect WKY locomotor activity. These findings suggest that the SHR strain is a suitable model for studying ADHD-related nicotine use and dependence, but highlights potential limitations of the WKY control strain and the CPP procedure for modeling ADHD-related nicotine reward.This is the final peer-reviewed accepted manuscript. The final article as published is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.031
Modelling subrogation as an “equitable remedy”
No full textFollowing the landmark decision of the House of Lords in Banque Financière de la Cité v Parc (Battersea) Ltd, the English courts have come to say that subrogation to extinguished rights is an “equitable remedy” designed to reverse “unjust enrichment”. This creative re-rationalisation requires a fresh look at the nature and operation of this phenomenon, and in particular, at the key components of the “new” orthodoxy — that such subrogation is a “remedy”, which is “equitable” in origin, and is “restitutionary” in aim and effect. A clear understanding of these components is not of merely academic interest. It is vital for a proper understanding of the nature and timing of the entitlements that are afforded to subrogation claimants, and of a court’s role in their recognition and effectuation. On closer examination, the cases reveal an unacknowledged and unresolved tension between two different conceptions of the remedy’s operation: (i) a “strong institutional model”; and (ii) a weaker institutional model, which is labelled the “liability model”. Adopting either model, subrogation is not a drastically “remedial” phenomenon which yields entitlements for claimants only by virtue of some judicial order. Subrogation-justifying facts will immediately trigger some form of entitlement for a subrogation claimant, which arises prior to, and independently of, any subsequent court order. Nevertheless, the nature and quality of this pre-court entitlement, and the court’s role in its recognition and effectuation, will differ depending on the model preferred. On balance, the liability model is the more defensible in principle. It should ultimately prevail.Peer reviewe
Synthetic Cathinones and Their Rewarding and Reinforcing Effects in Rodents
No full textabstract: Synthetic cathinones, colloquially referred to as “bath salts,” are derivatives of the psychoactive alkaloid cathinone found in Catha edulis (Khat). Since the mid-to-late 2000s, these amphetamine-like psychostimulants have gained popularity amongst drug users due to their potency, low cost, ease of procurement, and constantly evolving chemical structures. Concomitant with their increased use is the emergence of a growing collection of case reports of bizarre and dangerous behaviors, toxicity to numerous organ systems, and death. However, scientific information regarding the abuse liability of these drugs has been relatively slower to materialize. Recently we have published several studies demonstrating that laboratory rodents will readily self-administer the “first generation” synthetic cathinones methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and methylone via the intravenous route, in patterns similar to those of methamphetamine. Under progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement, the rank order of reinforcing efficacy of these compounds is MDPV ≥ methamphetamine > methylone. MDPV and methylone, as well as the “second generation” synthetic cathinones α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP) and 4-methylethcathinone (4-MEC), also dose-dependently increase brain reward function. Collectively, these findings indicate that synthetic cathinones have a high abuse and addiction potential and underscore the need for future assessment of the extent and duration of neurotoxicity induced by these emerging drugs of abuse.View the article as published at https://www.hindawi.com/archive/2014/209875
Are AMPA Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators Potential Pharmacotherapeutics for Addiction?
No full textabstract: Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors are a diverse class of compounds that increase fast excitatory transmission in the brain. AMPA PAMs have been shown to facilitate long-term potentiation, strengthen communication between various cortical and subcortical regions, and some of these compounds increase the production and release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in an activity-dependent manner. Through these mechanisms, AMPA PAMs have shown promise as broad spectrum pharmacotherapeutics in preclinical and clinical studies for various neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. In recent years, a small collection of preclinical animal studies has also shown that AMPA PAMs may have potential as pharmacotherapeutic adjuncts to extinction-based or cue-exposure therapies for the treatment of drug addiction. The present paper will review this preclinical literature, discuss novel data collected in our laboratory, and recommend future research directions for the possible development of AMPA PAMs as anti-addiction medications
The influences of crustal extension, salt tectonics and gravity-driven deformation on the structural evolution of the Halten Terrace, offshore mid-Norway: new sights from 3D seismic data and fault analysis
No full textNormal fault zones play a fundamental role in the development of sedimentary basins and in the migration and trapping of hydrocarbons. The idealised geometry of an isolated post-sedimentary normal fault (Barnett, 1987, Walsh & Watterson, 1989) existing conceptual models that describe the process of fault growth and linkage in brittle systems (Childs et al, 1995; Cartwright et al, 1996; Childs et al, 1995, 1996b; Huggins et al, 1995), where fault planes composed of many overstepping segments are linked by areas of complex deformation called relay ramps, are generally accepted. Relay zones can trap significant volumes of hydrocarbon or act as leakage points, thus understanding the style of fault linkage, which strongly influences the location of hydrocarbon tops and reservoir compartmentalisation, is vital for any petroleum system.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Are AMPA Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators Potential Pharmacotherapeutics for Addiction?
No full textPositive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors are a diverse class of compounds that increase fast excitatory transmission in the brain. AMPA PAMs have been shown to facilitate long-term potentiation, strengthen communication between various cortical and subcortical regions, and some of these compounds increase the production and release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in an activity-dependent manner. Through these mechanisms, AMPA PAMs have shown promise as broad spectrum pharmacotherapeutics in preclinical and clinical studies for various neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. In recent years, a small collection of preclinical animal studies has also shown that AMPA PAMs may have potential as pharmacotherapeutic adjuncts to extinction-based or cue-exposure therapies for the treatment of drug addiction. The present paper will review this preclinical literature, discuss novel data collected in our laboratory, and recommend future research directions for the possible development of AMPA PAMs as anti-addiction medications
Book Reviews
No full textKaren Watterson is a consultant on database design and the author of several books on database programming, including bestselling Visual Basic Database Programming (Addison-Wesley). She is also the editor of the Visual basic Developer newsletter and Contributing Editor to Windows Sources magazine
Effects of α‐Pyrrolidinopentiophenone and 4-Methyl-N-Ethylcathinone, Two Synthetic Cathinones Commonly Found in Second-Generation “Bath Salts,” on Intracranial Self-Stimulation Thresholds in Rats
No full textabstract: Background:
Use of synthetic cathinones, which are designer stimulants found in “bath salts,” has increased dramatically in recent years. Following governmental bans of methylenedioxypyrovalerone, mephedrone, and methylone, a second generation of synthetic cathinones with unknown abuse liability has emerged as replacements.
Methods:
Using a discrete trials current intensity threshold intracranial self-stimulation procedure, the present study assessed the effects of 2 common second-generation synthetic cathinones, α‐pyrrolidinopentiophenone (0.1–5mg/kg) and 4-methyl-N-ethcathinone (1–100mg/kg) on brain reward function. Methamphetamine (0.1–3mg/kg) was also tested for comparison purposes.
Results:
Results revealed both α‐pyrrolidinopentiophenone and 4-methyl-N-ethcathinone produced significant intracranial self-stimulation threshold reductions similar to that of methamphetamine. α‐Pyrrolidinopentiophenone (1mg/kg) produced a significant maximal reduction in intracranial self-stimulation thresholds (~19%) most similar to maximal reductions produced by methamphetamine (1mg/kg, ~20%). Maximal reductions in intracranial self-stimulation thresholds produced by 4-methyl-N-ethcathinone were observed at 30mg/kg (~15%) and were comparable with those observed with methamphetamine and α‐pyrrolidinopentiophenone tested at the 0.3-mg/kg dose (~14%). Additional analysis of the ED50 values from log-transformed data revealed the rank order potency of these drugs as methamphetamine ≈ α‐pyrrolidinopentiophenone>4-methyl-N-ethcathinone.
Conclusions:
These data suggest that the newer second-generation synthetic cathinones activate the brain reward circuitry and thus may possess a similar degree of abuse potential as prototypical illicit psychostimulants such as methamphetamine as well as the first generation synthetic cathinone methylenedioxypyrovalerone, as previously reported.The final version of this article, as published in International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, can be viewed online at: https://academic.oup.com/ijnp/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ijnp/pyu01
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