1,721,092 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Stanley Mills lamprey project
No full textThere are three species of lamprey in the UK; the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus, the river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis and the brook lamprey Lampetra planeri. All three are found in the River Tay. They are all included in Annex II of the European Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC and are designated species in the River Tay SAC. Stanley Mills is a small scale run-of-river hydro-electric power station which takes water from the River Tay, upstream of Perth. This project aimed to assess the impact of Stanley Mills power station on downstream-migrating lamprey. Sea and river lamprey are typically anadromous species. They spawn in fresh water where the ammocoetes (larvae) remain for several years before transforming into parasitic adults and migrating to the sea. The concern is that downstream migrating lamprey may travel into the water intake for the hydropower station and either become impinged on trash screens or damaged by passing through the turbine itself. Sampling was carried out through the main expected period of emigration (September to March). Debris from the trash screen was checked for lamprey. Nets were set in the outflow from the power station while the turbine was both running and turned off to catch lamprey which had passed through the turbines or the bywash. All lamprey were identified, measured and their condition assessed
Modelling fine scale route choice of upstream migrating fish as they approach an instream structure
Full text linkThis study used pattern-oriented modelling (POM) to investigate the space use and behavioural response of upstream migrating European river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) to the two-dimensional hydrodynamic conditions created by an instream structure (triangular profile gauging weir). Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) and acoustic telemetry were used to map the spatial-temporal distribution patterns of lamprey as they migrated upstream. Acoustic Doppler velocimetry and computer modelling were used to quantify the hydrodynamic environment. In adherence with the POM methodology, multiple movement models, incorporating increasingly complex environmental feedback mechanisms and behavioural rules were created and systematically assessed to identify which factors might reproduce the observed patterns. The best model was a spatially explicit Eulerian-Lagrangian Individual Based Model (IBM) that included two simple behaviours: 1) tortuous non-directed swimming when in low flow velocity (< 0.1 m s−1) and 2) persistent directed (against the flow) swimming in moderate to high flow velocity (≥ 0.1 m s−1). The POM indicated that flow heterogeneity was an important influence of lamprey space use and that simple behavioural rules (i.e. two separate movement behaviours in response to flow velocity) were sufficient to reproduce the main movement pattern observed: avoidance of flow recirculating regions near the banks. The combination of field telemetry, hydrodynamic modelling and POM provided a useful framework for systematically identifying the key factors (hydrodynamic and behavioural) that governed the space use of the target species and would likely work well for investigating similar relationships in other aquatic species
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Enhancing the upstream passage of river lamprey at a microhydropower installation using horizontally-mounted studded tiles
No full textPassage performance of upstream-migrating lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) was compared between sections of a Crump flow-gauging weir with and without studded tiles, and at a bottom-baffle fishway, on the River Derwent, England. The effects of microhydropower operation on attraction to multiple routes were also studied. Studded tiles were fixed horizontally on the weir face near the right bank, forming a 1 m wide treatment route, neighboured by a tileless control route. A bottom-baffle fishway was present at the right bank, alongside the hydropower tailrace. Two further weir-face control routes at the left bank, in combination with those on the right side, enabled comparison of lamprey attraction relative to the weir flow. Downstream and upstream ends of the right-hand weir-face routes, and of the fishway, downstream ends of the left-hand weir face routes, and the entrance of the hydropower tailrace area were instrumented with PIT antennas (n = 9 total). Of 395 PIT-tagged lamprey, released 0.52 rkm downstream of the weir on 10 separate dates in early winter 2017 (turbine on for 21/43 days of study period), 363 (91.9%) were detected by at least one of the antennas (median [IQR] minimum delay at weir: 15.0 [7.4–21.4] days). All lamprey detected at the left-bank antennas (attraction efficiency AE: 255/395 [64.6%]) were also detected elsewhere. The fishway was ineffective (AE: 343/395 [86.8%]; passage efficiency PE: 5/343 [1.5%]). While lamprey were more attracted towards the control relative to the adjacent tiled route, a higher number of fish traversed the weir using the latter (AE tiled route: 172/395 [43.5%]; PE tiled route: 44/172 [25.6%]; AE control route: 257/395 [65.1%]; PE control route: 22/257 [8.6%]). Lamprey were attracted towards the right half of the channel when the turbine was running, as only n = 88/4190 (2.1% of total attempts) detections were made at the two left-bank control antennas in the turbine-on condition, compared to 2775/13,029 (21.3%) at the same two antennas when the turbine was off. While improved passage efficiency was achieved using surface-mounted studded tiles, further in situ evaluations are needed to optimize their performance
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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