645 research outputs found
Supporting_materials_last_1 – Supplemental material for Characterization of bio-oil and bio-char produced by low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of olive pruning residue using various absorbers
No full textSupplemental material, Supporting_materials_last_1 for Characterization of bio-oil and bio-char produced by low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of olive pruning residue using various absorbers by Mattia Bartoli, Luca Rosi, Alessio Giovannelli, Piero Frediani and Marco Frediani in Waste Management & Research</p
The affective city. Vol. 4: Laurentino 38 corpi e luoghi
No full textÈ possibile declinare la dimensione affettiva negli spazi della città pubblica? Questo volume osserva la vicenda del
Laurentino 38 alla luce di una prospettiva che mette al centro il soggetto come corpo che percorre e occupa gli spazi, e che è dunque abilitato a vivere, abitare, ri-progettare un luogo.
Al Laurentino il tema del corpo sembra avere un posto privilegiato, interferendo con il cliché di una modernità sterilizzata
da ogni sfera emotiva. Mai come in questo quartiere il corpo è infatti dispositivo di percezione, poiché costantemente attivato in un movimento che i progettisti avevano immaginato come circolatorio, ma che si è riorganizzato sulla base di
promesse mantenute o disattese, iniziative pianificate o spontanee, eventi positivi o distruttivi.
A cinquant’anni dalla sua costruzione, rileggere il Laurentino 38 con gli occhi e gli strumenti proposti – spazio, corporeità, memoria/trauma – aggiunge gradi di complessità alla visione novecentesca di questo modello urbano; un differente approccio che trova qui le condizioni ideali di sperimentazione, a partire dall’assunto che l’abitare non sia un concetto ma, prima di tutto, una pratica
Cinquant'anni di solitudine
No full textÈ possibile declinare la dimensione affettiva negli spazi della città pubblica? Questo volume osserva la vicenda del Laurentino 38 alla luce di una prospettiva che mette al centro il soggetto come corpo che percorre e occupa gli spazi, e che è dunque abilitato a vivere, abitare, ri-progettare un luogo. Al Laurentino il tema del corpo sembra avere un posto privilegiato, interferendo con il cliché di una modernità sterilizzata da ogni sfera emotiva. Mai come in questo quartiere il corpo è infatti dispositivo di percezione, poiché costantemente attivato in un movimento che i progettisti avevano immaginato come circolatorio, ma che si è riorganizzato sulla base di promesse mantenute o disattese, iniziative pianificate o spontanee, eventi positivi o distruttivi. A cinquant’anni dalla sua costruzione, rileggere il Laurentino 38 con gli occhi e gli strumenti proposti – spazio, corporeità, memoria/trauma – aggiunge gradi di complessità alla visione novecentesca di questo modello urbano; un differente approccio che trova qui le condizioni ideali di sperimentazione, a partire dall’assunto che l’abitare non sia un concetto ma, prima di tutto, una pratica
Bio-oils from microwave assisted pyrolysis of kraft lignin operating at reduced residual pressure
No full textEvery year approximately 50 million tonnes of lignin are obtained worldwide as by-products of the paper industry and represent a potential renewable aromatic feedstock for a sustainable future carbon economy. In spite of this the availability of lignin remains largely unused so long the most part of it (ca. 98%) is still burned. For this reason pyrolysis-based technologies, such as fast pyrolysis and gasification, are considered promising methods for converting lignin into biochemicals, biomaterials, and biofuels. In this work the pyrolysis of kraft lignin were studied at reduced pressure under Microwave Assisted Pyrolysis (MAP). Experiments were carried out at different pressure (1 bar, 0.13 bar, 0.013 bar) also using a fractionating system. A multimode MW (Microwave) batch reactor was employed as oven using carbon as MW absorber. The most relevant achievements were gained at residual pressure of 0.013 kPa obtaining a 37 wt% of bio-oil in 9 min. Compositions of bio-oils were evaluated through 1H NMR, FT-IR ATR and a quantitative GC–MS method. Analysis showed high concentration of multisubstituted aromatic ring and light linear/cyclic compounds (C2-C5) from advanced thermal degradation of side chains of the lignin structure
Solvation at Surfaces and Interfaces: A Quantum-Mechanical/Continuum Approach Including Nonelectrostatic Contributions
No full textPyrolysis of α-cellulose using a multimode microwave oven
No full textα-Cellulose was pyrolyzed using a multimode microwave oven, different microwave absorbers and experimental set ups. The microwave absorber showed a strong influence: carbon gave a large gasification of cellulose (yield of gas up to 53.8%) while Al2O3 gave a high yield of bio-char (64.1%) and a low gas production (3.0%). Bio-oil was obtained with the highest yield (37.6%) using iron as microwave absorber and a condenser between the oven and the collecting system. Dark brown bio-oils having low density and viscosity due to the presence of large amount of furanosidic compounds were collected. Bio-oils were characterized through GC–MS, FT-IR, NMR, The GC–MS analysis was employed to evaluate the composition of bio-oils using calculated retention factors. A high concentration of levoglucosan (133.9 mg/mL) together with acetic acid, acetic anhydride, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, formic acid and furfural were obtained using graphite as microwave absorber. A mechanisms was proposed to rationalize the formation of aromatic compounds present in bio-oils. Water contents in bio-oils were affected by all parameters of the process, mainly by the microwave absorber. The use of silica has proved to be a promising way to obtain bio-oil with low water content (13%), while pyrolysis in the presence of carbon gave a large amount of water (46%)
Challenges and opportunities in the field of energy storage: supercapacitors and activated biochar
No full textSupercapacitors are the most attractive energy storage systems caused their amazing performances. New materials (i.e. graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers) have been deeply and extensively studied. In the last decade activated biochar has gained a great as material for several applications from solid fuel to electrochemical ones. In this chapter the use of activated biochar as electrodes for supercacitors crafting will reviewed with a particualar enphasis on the activation procedures (physical, chemical) and final properties of the materials (surface area, capacitance values)
A Simple Protocol for Quantitative Analysis of Bio-Oils through Gas-Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
No full textA new and simple protocol for quantitative analysis of bio-oils using gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry is suggested. Compounds were identified via their mass spectra, and then unavailable response factors were calculated with respect to diphenyl as the internal standard using a modified method previously suggested for gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. This new protocol was applied to the characterization of bio-oils obtained from the pyrolysis of woods of different sources or using different pyrolysis procedures. This protocol allowed evaluation of the yields of products from poplar pyrolysis (among 50% and 99%), while a reduced amounts of products were identified from the pyrolysis of cellulose (between 46% and 58%). The main product was always acetic acid, but it was formed in very large yields from poplar while lower yields were obtained from cellulose
Bio-oil from residues of short rotation coppice of poplar using a microwave assisted pyrolysis
No full textStump-roots and leaves from different residues of short rotation coppice (SRC) of poplar clones were transformed with microwave assisted pyrolysis to produce bio-oils. These products were obtained with high yield (up to 32.0%) and small water percentage (up to 17.5%), showed low density and viscosity and were fluid at room temperature. Bio-oils were characterized with several analytical techniques: 1H NMR, IR-ATR, and an original and a quantitative GC–MS method. Acetic and formic acids, acetic anhydride, furanes and various phenols were identified and quantified; among bio-oils a sample with high acetic acid concentration (543.3 mg/mL) was obtained. These techniques let to make possible a detailed study on the bio-oils to define a correlation between their chemical and rheological properties with the clones employed and parameters of the process
Production of bio-oils and bio-char from Arundo donax through microwave assisted pyrolysis in a multimode batch reactor
No full textSeveral organs (rhizomes, stems and leaves) of Arundo donax, a perennial cane ubiquitary in the mediterranean area, were pyrolyzed using a microwave assisted pyrolysis with carbon as microwave absorber and different reaction conditions. Relevance of the organs on the yields and products was shown and, as a function of the conditions adopted, these results may be emphasized or reduced. In all experiments a small gas (4.6%) and a large biochar production (up to 62.9%) were obtained while bio-oil was formed in amount up to 40.9% as a one-phase dark brown liquid having low viscosity. These liquids were characterized through several techniques among which FT-IR, 1H NMR, and a quantitative GC–MS analysis. These bio-oils contained a huge amount of aromatics, acetic acid, furanes and, sometimes, levoglucosan (up to 47.6 g/L).
The microwave assisted pyrolysis of waste from several organs of Arundo donax appears as an interesting way to dispose these materials and to obtain useful biochemicals and fuels through a fast pyrolysis process
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