1,720,996 research outputs found
Moneta internazionale : un piano per la libertà del commercio e il disarmo finanziario
No full textIl nome di John Maynard Keynes evoca politiche di espansione fiscale, investimento pubblico, spesa in deficit, e più genericamente l’intervento dello stato a sostegno della piena occupazione e in risposta alle crisi economiche. Sebbene queste cure palliative si siano dimostrate in ultima analisi efficaci, il principio guida di Keynes era in realtà prevenire l’intrinseca instabilità del capitalismo, dovuta soprattutto al laissez-faire finanziario. In pochi sembrano disposti a riconoscerlo, così come in pochi riconoscono che Keynes fu profeta inascoltato non solo dopo la Prima guerra mondiale, ma anche dopo la Seconda.
Chiamato dal governo britannico a disegnare un nuovo ordine economico internazionale, all’inizio degli anni quaranta Keynes concepì un progetto audace, volto allo sviluppo di un commercio libero ed equilibrato fra i paesi del mondo, che avrebbe reso inutili i mercati valutari e finanziari. Il suo piano prevedeva la creazione di una International Clearing Union, una «stanza di compensazione» nell’ambito della quale i crediti ricavati dalla vendita di merci all’estero sarebbero stati disponibili per acquistare i prodotti di qualsiasi altro paese. Questa compensazione tra debiti e crediti sarebbe avvenuta tramite una moneta internazionale non accumulabile, chiamata bancor: una moneta per «vincere la pace», una misura di «disarmo finanziario» da affiancare al disarmo vero e proprio. Alla conferenza di Bretton Woods del 1944, però, sulla proposta di Keynes s’impose quella statunitense. La subdola adozione del dollaro come moneta internazionale – inizialmente ancorata all’oro – ha permesso agli Stati Uniti di vincere la Guerra fredda agendo come inesauribile fonte di liquidità per l’Occidente, ma a lungo andare ha portato all’esplosione degli squilibri globali, all’espansione ipertrofica dei mercati finanziari, al caos economico e all’inasprimento della conflittualità fra gli stati e al loro interno.
I testi che il Saggiatore propone in questo libro, corredati da un’approfondita introduzione di Luca Fantacci, delineano l’utopia possibile che – affermando il principio, oggi negletto, per cui i paesi creditori non sono necessariamente i più virtuosi, e dunque devono farsi carico del riassorbimento degli squilibri tanto quanto i debitori – avrebbe potuto cambiare il mondo. E che, se solo i rapporti di forza lo permettessero, potrebbe ancora cambiarlo, ponendo fine allo strapotere della finanza internazionale
Keynes as a monetarist economist
No full textMoney is at the centre of Keynes’s economic theory and policy recommendations, as testified by the titles of his major works: A Tract on Monetary Reform (1923, CWK IV), A Treatise on Money (1930, CWK V-VI), The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1936, CWK VII). There are two contributions for which Keynes stands out as a revolutionary thinker who brought about a profound change in the understanding of the functions of money and the working of a monetary economy: the conception of the rate of interest as a monetary phenomenon and the role of money as a store of valu
SPECULATION IN COMMODITIES: KEYNES' "PRACTICAL ACQUAINTANCE" WITH FUTURES MARKETS
No full textIn this paper we address the subject of Keynes as a speculator. We look first at the primary sources of information, which are in the form of unpublished letters and broker's statements. Secondly, we look at the theory Keynes sparingly presented in his writings, but which nevertheless is grounded on his first-hand knowledge of speculative behavior. Thirdly, we examine the focus on speculation in commodities, which had great weight in his portfolio, and have chosen a particular commodity -wheat- for our investigation. In particular, we examine some of Keynes's dealings in wheat futures with the aim of shedding light on the underlying investment strategy
Telegraphy and new financial procedures
No full textStefano Baia Curioni and Luca Fantacci assess the contribution of telegraphy to Italy's financial-market integration between 1890 and 1910. They find Italian bond markets converging with each other and with the Paris exchange over time, suggesting a role for improved communications, but conclude that integration between stock markets depended primarily upon the changing volatility of securities
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Pour une théorie de la monnaie et de la finance
No full text« La coopération est à l’économie ce que la démocratie est à la politique »[M. Amato et L. Fantacci, Come salvare il mercato dal capitalismo, Donzelli, 2012, p. 187]. Entre 2005 et 2010, Massimo Amato et Luca Fantacci, professeurs d’histoire économique à l’Université Bocconi de Milan, ont publié quatre volumes qui composent une intéressante et très originale quadrilogie historico-théorique consacrée à la monnaie et à ses impasses actuelles. La moneta : storia di un’istituzione mancata [La mon..
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
