347 research outputs found
Architecture and Technologies for the Internet of Things
No full textThe Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm can been defined as a "network of networks" of devices interconnected in an Internet-like structure, generally denoted as Smart Objects, cooperating to collect data and provide services to users. SOs are extremely heterogeneous and differ for connectivity interfaces, battery, processing and memory capabilities, as well as dimensions, costs, and hardware features. They are typically equipped with a microcontroller, a radio interface for communication, sensors and/or actuators and, being typically battery-powered, there is a quest for energy-efficient technologies, communication/networking protocols and mechanisms. The IP protocol, and in particular IPv6, have been widely envisaged as the true IoT enablers, as they allow to bring the full interoperability among heterogeneous objects. At the application layer, CoAP protocol has been designed to bring the REST paradigm, which was originally conceived for applications based on HTTP, to the IoT and is expected to become the standard communication protocol for constrained applications. Research has now gone beyond the hardware and protocols barriers, providing several solutions for building IoT networks and opening a new challenge: the definition of effective paradigms and mechanisms aimed at integrating the IoT in common people's life. This challenge is very complex from a communication perspective, as it involves all layers of the protocol stack. A few examples of aspects to deal with are: the choice of SOs connectivity; the mechanisms for automatic endpoints discovery; the resources representation; final users application design; and the models of interaction between SOs and people. Related to the SOs connectivity, by definition, IoT concept encourage the reuse of existing communication paradigms, adding adaptation mechanisms, when needed. An example is represented by the adoption of the PLC as wired access technology. Another interesting technology for IoT is SDN, that can help in configuring and managing the backhaul network connecting different access domains. From the data point of view, an important aspect is the possibility to manage all sensed and gathered data in a smart and practical way. In this context, a possible solution is given by Big Data approaches, developed in the last few years and become popular due to the evolution of online and social/crowd services, which are able to address the need to process extremely large amounts of heterogeneous data for various purposes. However, these techniques typically have an intrinsic inertia (as they are based on batch processing) and focus on the data itself, rather than providing real-time processing and dispatching. For this reason, Big Data approaches might not be the right solution to manage the dynamicity of IoT scenarios with real-time processing. In order to better fit these requirements, it is needed to shift the Big Data paradigm to a new paradigm, denoted as "Big Stream", more oriented to the massive rate of data proper of IoT scenarios
ArchitetturaEnergia: efficienza energetica e sostenibilità ambientale nel clima mediterraneo europeo
No full textFONDO DI ATENEO PER LA RICERCA - ANNO 2009. Parole chiave: DESIGN PROCESS | BUILDING QUALITY | PERFORMANCE APPROACH | TECHNOLOGY OF ARCHITECTURE | ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN |
Abstrac: Abstract: La definizione di appropriati percorsi e strategie di progettazione per l’innalzamento della virtuosità energetica (in regime estivo, in primis) e della sostenibilità ambientale dell’intervento
richiede inderogabilmente un approccio integrato (non diacronico, ma contestuale) con competenze fortemente interdisciplinari nei seguenti campi: progettazione dell’involucro architettonico
(sia come capacità di conformazione morfologica, sia come controllo della sua corretta stratificazione funzionale), attraverso i settori della Tecnologia dell’architettura e della Composizione
architettonica, nonché il coinvolgimento della sezione Architettura del Centro Architettura Energia e del Laboratorio Material Design; innalzamento dei livelli d’integrazione impiantistica
(privilegiando i sistemi che impiegano energie derivanti da fonti rinnovabili) al fine di realizzare sinergie evolute fra sistemi passivi e sistemi attivi, attraverso i settori della Fisica tecnica ed
impianti e dell’Energetica, nonché il coinvolgimento della sezione Energia del Centro Architettura Energia; valutazione di convenienza tecnico-economica per la corretta definizione del rapporto
costo/benefici, aspetti propri dell’area disciplinare dell’Economia ed estimo civile. Gruppo di ricerca: DAVOLI PIETROMARIA
Acocella Alfonso, Belpoliti Vittorino, Bizzarri Giacomo, Boarin Paola, Bottarelli Michele, Calzolari Marta, Dal Buono Veronica, Gabrielli Laura, Garavelli Maria Cristina, Lambertini Enrico, Lambruschi Alex, Magarotto Luca, Marzola Alice, Minguzzi Gianluca, Pastore Paola, Radi Valentina, Rava Paolo, Rinaldi Andrea, Trippa Graziano e Turrini David
Conclusions and future perspectives
No full textThe aim of the chapters contained in this book has been to introduce, overview, and discuss the concept of wireless mesh network (WMN) and its adoption in different heterogeneous contexts and scenarios. We have highlighted how this network topology has (and will have in the future) several implications in the architecture's modeling and requires to take decisions and actions at different layers
Introducing "P2EP": the fusion between peer-to-peer architectures and Performance Enhancing Proxies
No full textNowadays, both peer-to-peer (p2p) technologies and heterogeneous networks are widely adopted. The p2p communication paradigm has been applied in different scenarios and for different purposes: from file sharing systems to Quality of Service (QoS) schemes. Besides, heterogeneous networking platforms have been recognized as a key technology in the modern Internet, being sometimes a need. However, they introduce some pitfalls and real concerns in relation to the standard TCP/IP protocol stack and p2p-based applications. In this perspective, many countermeasures and solutions have been proposed. This paper introduces a technique based on the integration of proxies within a p2p system, in order to enhance the performance of applications acting on a heterogeneous network composed by satellite and terrestrial links. The proposed approach is called P2EP to emphasize its roots in Performance Enhancing Proxies (PEPs)
Wireless Mesh Networks for IoT and Smart Cities: Technologies and Applications
No full textWireless mesh networks (WMNs) are wireless communication networks organized in a mesh topology with radio capabilities. These networks can self-form and self-heal and are not restricted to a specific technology or communication protocol. They provide flexible yet reliable connectivity that cellular networks cannot deliver. Thanks to technological advances in machine learning, software defined radio, UAV/UGV, big data, IoT and smart cities, wireless mesh networks have found much renewed interest for communication network applications.
This edited book covers state of the art research innovations and future directions in this field. WMNs offer attractive communication solutions in difficult environments such as emergency situations, battlefield surveillance, field operations, disaster recovery, tunnels, oil rigs, high-speed mobile-video applications on board transport, VoIP, and self-organizing internet access for communities. The main topics covered include BLL-based mesh networks, body sensor networks, seamless IoT mobile sensing through Wi-Fi mesh networking, software defined radio for wireless mesh networks, UAV-to-ground multi-hop communication using backpressure and FlashLinQ-based algorithms, unmanned aerial vehicle relay networks, multimedia content delivery in wireless mesh networking, adaptive fuzzy agents in big data and multi-sensor environments and AI-aided resource sharing for WMNs.
This is a useful reference for ICT networking engineers, researchers, scientists, engineers, advanced students and lecturers in both academia and industry working on wireless communications and WMNs. It is also relevant to developers, designers and manufacturers of WMNs and wireless sensor networks (WSNs); and scientists and engineers working on applications of WNNs and WSNs
NEMO: A Flexible Java-based Network Emulator
No full textNetwork emulation provides the capability to evaluate applications on standalone systems, representing a trade-off between real infrastructures and simulators, providing a lowlayer virtual network, and yet allowing real high-layer application code to be executed. Moreover, network emulation is useful to study and evaluate the behavior of applications in different conditions (maybe sometimes difficult to reach in real networks), in turn allowing a rapid deployment of hybrid real hardware/virtual network topologies. In this paper, a modular, flexible and highly scalable Java-based network emulator, denoted as NEMO, is proposed. NEMO can be integrated with external open-source Java applications or used as a virtualization mechanism, able to run third-party Java binary applications on a virtual node attached to either a virtual network or a real external network, in a completely transparent way for the end-user. Moreover, NEMO allows to plug in user-defined network components and run virtual networks composed by millions of nodes on a single end-user machine, as well as on a distributed infrastructure
A Sink-oriented Routing Protocol for Blue Light Link-based Mesh Network
No full textThe need to leverage "smart" mechanisms to route data among heterogeneous devices is a key aspect in modern scenarios and applications, especially those targeting the integration of existing systems in Internet of Things (IoT)-oriented environments. To this end, the exploitation of the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) protocol, especially its advertisement channels, allows large amount of devices to interact, collect, and exploit data for future-proof applications. Therefore, the definition of routing protocols exploiting BLE advertisement channels and being able to target different classes of BLE nodes is useful for heterogeneous IoT scenarios
THORIN: an Efficient Module for Federated Access and Threat Mitigation in Big Stream Cloud Architectures
No full textIn order to make cloud services attractive for several IT organizations, it is necessary to provide access control and to implement safe and reliable mechanisms of Identity and Access Management (IAM). In this work, we focus on security issues and challenges in the design and implementation of cloud architectures and, in particular, for the management of Big Stream applications in Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios. The proposed work introduces a new set of modules allowing a federated access control policy for cloud users. An analysis of possible threats and attacks against the proposed Big Stream platform is presented, investigating the system performance in terms of detection and elimination of malicious nodes. In particular, we propose a new module, denoted as Traffic Handler Orchestrator & Rapid Intervention (THORIN), which is very efficient in counteracting botnet-based threats
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