1,721,009 research outputs found
Teaching Architectural Design in the Digital Age: Methods or Cases?
No full textThe paper examines the subject of architectural education, reviewing the arguments for method-based teaching as against case-based teaching in the study of the theory of architectural design.
Method-based teaching has traditionally been highly regarded; however, it is not expected to provide a detailed indication of the procedures to be followed, but rather a strategy.
In the study of cases, tutors interact with the students through discussion of the design developed in the studio. Guiding students through the whole process, tutors need to be able to identify and explain specific aspects of the issues involved.
The paper suggests a way in which ICT might contribute to education in architectural design and in architectural technology by strengthening links between method-based and case-based teaching, focusing on developments in the WINDS European research project which promotes case studies as examples emerging from a design strategy introduced by lectures
Green Deal for retrofit of homes: existing policies and emerging challenges
No full textThis chapter considers the impacts of green investments on the housing markets. Firstly, the leading benefits brought by the investments, provided as state subsidies or fiscal incentives, are considered. Secondly, the impact of the green and energy efficiency investments on the economics of the housing-finance, on the real estate markets are analysed. The framework of the analysis is defined by the studies on the dynamics of investment income (yield) and capital gains (price changes), a comparison between equities and housing. The roots of this analysis are the studies in investment and working capital, its circulation and accumulation, built environment as infrastructure to investment
Dialogic practices between design and construction: Fragments of building knowledge epistemology
No full textThe book claims a methodology for architecture and its making that is resolved in the relationships among work, craftsmanship, techniques, manufacturing, know-how, builders, people, place, and time. The dialogic interpretation of these relationships gives meaning and specificity to architectural design. A thesis is that a leading condition of ‘contemporaneity’ goes through the endless creation of ‘new solutions’, the incessant evolution of techniques and their scenarios of use.
The technological dynamism and the technological change are intrinsic to the current epoch, which is toughly aimed at innovation, at the creation of new technological and organizational capabilities.
Architectural design has to confront with continuously changing and transforming conditions: the book addresses four of them technological design, digital turn, refurbishment, and ecological turn. The chosen approach avoids following a universal reading, instead it leverages the plurality in knowledge and the richness of contexts and relationships to ensure of the design practice its uniqueness.
Through a dialogic interpretation of these relationships and conditions, the construction of the project acquires specificity and meaning. To the phenomenological definition of building design have contributed on one side the performance and the functional definitions, and on the other the reading of the tectonic and of the materiality.
In the dialogic study of the phenomenological definitions and of the realities of the structure, the meanings of techniques reproduce the modes of craft, production and onsite construction. In architectural design, the system of skills involved in ideation and construction have become more complex and intricate. Each knowledge field has developed its own set of methods-techniques-languages. The design process is challenged by these ‘islands of knowledge’, where the potential of information and communication technologies can contribute, if not to the extent to recomposing the disciplinary fragmentation of knowledge, at least to pragmatic interdisciplinary collaboration in design. The new modes of dialogue exceed the ontologically committed analysis of building refurbishment process. On top of the issues of constructing and refurbishing, the purposes and uses of production techniques match the inevitable social complexity of architecture at different scales.
Here is the core where the purposes and uses of production techniques confront the inevitable social complexity of architecture at different scales. Some of the considered projects advances along the application of technological innovation, often, however, in a self-referential logic that does not address and solve relevant issues related to the deeper meaning of building, such as the identity and memories of the place, its social and morphological characteristics, thus not as an isolated sign but as a dialogic presence at various scales of living.
Along this path, the book proceeds into multifaceted and nuanced epistemological studies towards the ecological turn
Strategies for intervention on 20th Century Heritage. Carlo Mollino’s Palazzo Affari
No full textThis paper proposes a methodological approach to energy renovation in valuable buildings, encompassing architectural, historical, and energy analyses. The research tests its application on a case study: a retrofit proposal for Palazzo Affari in Turin, an office building designed by Carlo Mollino for the Chamber of Commerce (1964-1974). The building, still in use, has never been thermally renovated yet.
Palazzo Affari gathers structural, technological, and spatial experimentation worth to be preserved. The core of Mollino’s design is a versatile plan, clear from any structural encumbrances, which was made possible thanks to an innovative structural technique. Façades are cladded with finely designed concrete prefabricated panels.
As a 20th-century masterpiece, it must be recognized as culturally valuable but also shows enormous energy improvement potential, as many buildings of its age. Based on a deep understanding of the building, the paper proposes a combination of traditional and innovative ad hoc solutions for its renovation, mediated by the need for material and iconic preservation.
Both the substitution of the façade panels and the insulation from the outside are excluded. The opaque parts of the façade are insulated from the inside using high-performance Vacuum-Insulation-Panels, and cladded by a new counter-facade conceived to be produced in panels through digital fabrication. On the other hand, windows are fully replaced by choosing glass which is both high-performing and respectful of the original chromaticity and transparency. The new window frames with thermal break are specially designed to respect the original external thickness.
The design is configured as an add-in intervention, coherent with the pre-existence. Substitutions are carefully weighted and respect the original architectural features. FEM analysis demonstrates the reduction of the thermal flux through the opaque walls by 80% and through the windows by 65%. The solar factor is reduced by 35%, thus improving the summer internal thermal comfort
Achievements in Building Energy Efficiency at Solar Decathlon Europe 2021/2022
No full textThis research focuses on achieving sustainable development in residential buildings with energy use. Under the influence of the energy crisis and related problems, research on residential buildings for less energy use has great potential. The literature review, according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, and including VOSviewer analysis, shows the research is increasing and meaningful. Solar Decathlon buildings are used as the main objects in this research. The fifth Solar Decathlon Europe energy use technologies are examined through onsite investigation and online searching. The Analytic Hierarchy Process method for multi-criteria decision analysis is used for sustainability assessment. Moreover, the Ladybug and ClimateStudio plugins simulated respectively the annual solar radiation and the best angle for receiving it. The main findings show that 34 kinds of technologies used in these buildings can be classified into two categories in three directions. Passive technologies should be applied and prioritized, but generating renewable energy is also important. Some infrequently used technologies are not insignificant. The research shows that the combination of technologies decides sustainability performance, but the quantity used does not. Furthermore, energy use also needs to be balanced and coordinated in combination with architectural aesthetics. This research on energy use in residential buildings is beneficial for achieving sustainable development
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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