25 research outputs found
The Influence of Material Colors on the Effective Color Rendering and Temperature through Mutual Illumination
No full textIn complex scenes, the light reflected by surfaces causes secondary illumination, which contributes significantly to the actual light in the space (the "light field"). Secondary illumination is dependent on the primary illumination, geometry, and materials of a space. Hence, primary illumination and secondary illumination can have non-identical spectral properties, and render object colors differently. Lighting technology and research predominantly relies on the color rendering properties of the illuminant. Little attention has been given to the impact of secondary illumination on the "effective color rendering" within light fields. Here we measure the primary and secondary illumination for a simple spatial geometry and demonstrate empirically their differential "effective color rendering" properties. We found that color distortions due to secondary illumination from chromatic furnishing materials led to systematic and significant color shifts, and major differences between the lamp-specified color rendition and temperature and the actual light-based "effective color rendering" and "effective color temperature". On the basis of these results we propose a methodological switch from assessing the color rendering and temperature of illuminants only to assessing the "effective color rendering and temperature" in context too.Human Information Communication Desig
Au large de Marseille – Grotte Cosquer (EA 1392)
No full textDès la déclaration de découverte en 1991, l’entrée de la grotte était obstruée par l’installation d’un empilement de blocs de béton de type corps-morts portuaires fixés entre eux par des chaînes et du ferraillage. Entre 2011 et 2012, lors d’une longue période pendant laquelle l’équipe intervenant habituellement dans la grotte n’a pas pu exercer la surveillance habituelle, des individus ont déplacé des blocs pour s’introduire dans le siphon. Lors de la constatation de cette intrusion en 2013, ..
Anal Chem
No full textThere is a great demand for rapid tests that can be used on-site for the detection of small analytes, such as pesticides, persistent organic pollutants, explosives, toxins, medicinal and abused drugs, hormones, etc. Dipsticks and lateral flow devices, which are simple and provide a visual readout, may be the answer, but the available technology for these compounds requires a competitive format that loses sensitivity and produces readings inversely proportional to the analyte concentration, which is counterintuitive and may lead to potential misinterpretation of the result. In this work, protein-multipeptide constructs composed of anti-immunocomplex peptides selected from phage libraries and streptavidin/avidin as core protein were used for direct detection of small compounds in a noncompetitive two-site immunoassay format that performs with increased sensitivity and positive readout. These constructs that we termed "nanopeptamers" allow the development of rapid point-of-use tests with a positive visual end point of easy interpretation. As proof of concept, lateral flow assays for the herbicides molinate and clomazone were developed and their performance was characterized with field samples.D43 TW005718/TW/FIC NIH HHSUnited States/U54 OH007550/OH/NIOSH CDC HHSUnited States/P42 ES004699/ES/NIEHS NIH HHSUnited States/P42 ES04699/ES/NIEHS NIH HHSUnited States/TW05718/TW/FIC NIH HHSUnited States
Nouvelles recherches a la Grotte Cosquer (Marseille)
No full textEn juillet 1991, un plongeur sous-marin, HENRI COSQUER, découvrit des peintures et des gravures dans une grotte sous la mer près deMarseille, au Cap Morgiou. En 1991, 1992 et 1994, des séries de plongées furent organisées par le Ministère de la Culture, avec la participation de JEAN COURTIN, préhistorien et plongeur. D’autres recherches furent reprises dernièrement, en 2002 et 2003, par les cosignataires de l’article.La localisation extraordinaire de l’entrée de cette caverne est due à la montée du niveau de la mer après la fin de la dernière glaciation. Au maximum glaciaire, il y a 20.000 ans, la mer se trouvait 130 mètres plus bas qu’actuellement et la ligne de rivage était à 5 kilomètres de là.Les parois de toutes les galeries et salles submergées ont été corrodées et aucune peinture ni gravure n’y subsistent. L’art découvert se trouve dans des salles supérieures restées hors d’eau. Environ 177 figures d’animaux ont été répertoriées, ainsi que 216 signes géométriques de formes diverses, 65 mains négatives, et l’image d’un homme tué. Les sols sont jonchés de charbons, restes de torches ou de feux allumés pour obtenir le charbon nécessaire aux dessins. Les gens n’habitaient pas dans ces lieux retirés. Ils les utilisèrent pour leurs cérémonies mais également pour obtenir le mondmilch raclé sur les parois et des fragments de concrétions, qui servirent probablement comme « médecines ».Les 27 dates obtenues par la méthode du radiocarbone ont montré que la caverne avait été fréquentée pendant deux périodes principales, d’abord aux alentours de 26 à 27.000 ans avant le présent, puis il y a 19.000 ans environ.La grotte Cosquer, dont plus des trois-quarts de l’art furent sans doute détruits par son ennoiement, est une découverte majeure, par sa localisation en Provence, par les activités dont elle fut le théâtre, et par l’abondance du bestiaire, des mains et des signes représentés, ainsi que par la présence d’animaux rares (phoques, saïga, élan) ou uniques (pingouins)
New insights into the Cosquer art cave hydrogeological functionning (France)
No full textInternational audienceThe Cosquer cave supports and protects some paleolithic paintings and engravings, dated to more than 31,000 years (Cal BP, Valladas et al. 2016). It’s a coastal cave, located in the Calanques massif, near Marseille in south of France. This area is well-known for its karstic landscape, in the white urgonian limestones (Barremian, early cretaceous). Nowadays, the cave has no water-free entrance. The only way to access to the cave is to dive to a submarine entrance giving access to a karst conduit connected with the non-flooded part of the cave. During paleolithic times, the seawater level was lower (down to 135 m). The access to the cave to the paleolithic men was flooded by the Mediterranean Sea rise around 10,000 years (Cal BP, Lambeck & Bard 2000). This specific location of the cave offered a protected area for the conservation of the rock art: no man entrance during the historical time, climatic and environmental steady conditions. Moreover, the karst also protected the rock art because it limited the sea-level rise within the cave. Indeed, the water level inside the Cosquer cave is lower than the sea-level, although only a tens of meters of limestones separate the cave to the sea. Obviously, the cave is a confined environment and is an interesting case-study to understand the impact of permeability contrasts between open karst features and the surrounding matrix. The aims of this work are: (1) to present a first long pressure time series ever recorded in the Cosquer cave, (2) to show which phenomena control the water level variation inside the cave, in order to answer to the following questions: when, how high and why the water level varies in the cave
Anti-inflammatory treatment blocks the IFN-γ inhibitory effect.
No full text<p>C57BL/6 mice received 2.5<b>×</b>1011 vg/kg of AAV8-luc vector alone or in combination with 1.5<b>×</b>109 vg/kg of AAV8-IL12 vector. Two groups of 5 mice each were injected with AAV8-luc or AAV8-luc in combination with AAV8-IL12 and received Dexamethasone (Dex) as described in methods. Luciferase expression levels were analyzed in both groups of animals at days 1, 4, and 7 using a Xenogen in vivo luminometer. Luciferase expression was quantified and represented as photons/second. The data are shown as mean ± standard deviation (SD). The differences in luciferase expression were statistically evaluated by Student t test (ns, not significant).</p
Feuilleton
No full textMan sieht nur mit dem Herzen gut. Das Wesentliche ist für die Augen unsichtbar - sagt der Fuchs zum kleinen Prinzen, sagte Antoine de Saint-Exupéry der Welt 1943, mitten im Zweiten Weltkrieg in seinem Werk Der kleine Prinz.
Etwa ein Jahr später, am 31. Juli 1944, startet der Pilot Saint-Exupéry in einer zweimotorigen Maschine (Lightning
P-38) von Korsika aus mit Ziel Lyon. Dort kommt er nicht an, ein Offizier schreibt dazu folgenden lapidaren Vermerk: Pilot did not return and is presumed lost. Opfer eines Luftangriffs, Absturz nach Kollision mit einem anderen
Flugzeug, Selbstmord? An Spekulationen fehlt es nicht, aber die Aufklärung der Umstände des Todes dieses
Schriftstellers, der in den Herzen von Millionen Menschen weiterlebt, gestaltet sich schwierig. Phasenweise wird sie
für aussichtslos gehalten. Neue Hoffnung keimt auf, als 1998 ein Fischer im Meer bei Marseille ein silbernes Armband mit Saint-Exupérys Namenszug in seinem Netz findet. Fortan konzentriert sich die Suche auf den Küstenbereich bei Marseille. 1990 entdeckt der Meeresarchäologe Luc Vanrell bei einem Tauchgang in 80 Metern Tiefe in
der Nähe der südlich von Marseille gelegenen Insel Riou die Überreste eines Flugzeuges - es ist Saint-Exupérys
Maschine, wie sich herausstellt. Der Fund seines Flugzeuges klärt noch nicht das Rätsel um den Tod des Schriftstellers. Der Fund ist aber eine Spur, die zu einer weiteren Spur führt ..
DNA demethylating agents but not histone acetylation inhibition revert the IFN-γ inhibitory effect.
No full text<p>C57BL/6 mice received 2.5<b>×</b>1011 vg/kg of AAV8-luc vector alone or in combination with 1.5<b>×</b>109 vg/kg of AAV8-IL12 vector. One group of 5 mice treated with AAV8-luc or AAV8-luc in combination with AAV8-IL12 received 5′-Azacytidine (AZA) intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 mg/kg every 24 hours starting the day of vector injection. A second group of 5 mice treated with AAV8-luc or AAV8-luc in combination with AAV8-IL12 received 2 mg/kg of trichostatin A (TSA) were injected IP every 48 hours starting the day of vector injection. A third group of animals received only vector injection. Luciferase expression levels were analyzed in both groups of animals at days 1, 4, and 7 using a Xenogen in vivo luminometer, experiments could not be performed at longer time points due to the toxicity of 5-AZA long term treatment. Luciferase expression was quantified and represented as photons/second. The data are shown as mean ± standard deviation (SD). The differences in luciferase expression were statistically evaluated by Student t test (**p<0.01).</p
AAV8-IL-12 induces liver inflammation, enhances immune response against AAV8 but do not eliminate transduced hepatocytes.
No full text<p>C57BL/6 female mice (n = 5) received intravenously (IV) different doses of AAV8-IL12 vector and IL-12 A) and IFN-γ B) concentration in serum was analyzed by ELISA at different time points after vector injection. C) C57BL/6 female were IV injected with AAV8-IL-12 or AAV8-luc vectors at a dose of 1.5<b>×</b>109 vg/kg, 21 days after injection TNFα and IL-1β expression levels were analyzed in the liver by RT qPCR. D) Hematoxilin and eosin staining of liver sections. E) Animals were injected with an AAV8-luc vector at a dose of 2.5×1011 vg/kg with or without coadministration of an AAV8-IL12 vector at a dose of 1.5<b>×</b>109 vg/kg. Luciferase expression in the liver was followed for 38 days by in vivo bioluminescence imaging and quantification is represented as photons/second. F) C57BL/6 female mice received the AAV8-tetON-IL12 vector together with an AAV8-luc vector, or AAV8-luc vector alone, or an adenoviral vector expressing AAV8 capsid protein (Ad5-Cap8) or saline. Twenty days after vector injection, animals receiving AAV8-tetON-IL12 and AAV8-luc or AAV8-luc alone were treated with doxycycline (Dox) to induce IL-12 for 7 days expression and the immune response was analyzed 14 days after Tet removal. Animals receiving Ad5-Cap8 were sacrificed 10 days after vector injection. Splenocytes obtained from these mice were stimulated with different pools of peptides derived from the AAV8 VP1 capsid protein, the H2b peptide previously described for the AAV8 capsid protein, NSLANPGIA <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0067748#pone.0067748-Sabatino1" target="_blank">[10]</a>, or PMA plus ionomycin as positive control.</p
Feuilleton
No full textMan sieht nur mit dem Herzen gut. Das Wesentliche ist für die Augen unsichtbar - sagt der Fuchs zum kleinen Prinzen, sagte Antoine de Saint-Exupéry der Welt 1943, mitten im Zweiten Weltkrieg in seinem Werk Der kleine Prinz.
Etwa ein Jahr später, am 31. Juli 1944, startet der Pilot Saint-Exupéry in einer zweimotorigen Maschine (Lightning
P-38) von Korsika aus mit Ziel Lyon. Dort kommt er nicht an, ein Offizier schreibt dazu folgenden lapidaren Vermerk: Pilot did not return and is presumed lost. Opfer eines Luftangriffs, Absturz nach Kollision mit einem anderen
Flugzeug, Selbstmord? An Spekulationen fehlt es nicht, aber die Aufklärung der Umstände des Todes dieses
Schriftstellers, der in den Herzen von Millionen Menschen weiterlebt, gestaltet sich schwierig. Phasenweise wird sie
für aussichtslos gehalten. Neue Hoffnung keimt auf, als 1998 ein Fischer im Meer bei Marseille ein silbernes Armband mit Saint-Exupérys Namenszug in seinem Netz findet. Fortan konzentriert sich die Suche auf den Küstenbereich bei Marseille. 1990 entdeckt der Meeresarchäologe Luc Vanrell bei einem Tauchgang in 80 Metern Tiefe in
der Nähe der südlich von Marseille gelegenen Insel Riou die Überreste eines Flugzeuges - es ist Saint-Exupérys
Maschine, wie sich herausstellt. Der Fund seines Flugzeuges klärt noch nicht das Rätsel um den Tod des Schriftstellers. Der Fund ist aber eine Spur, die zu einer weiteren Spur führt ..
