1,721,450 research outputs found
Rational design of site-specific artificial metallonucleases for therapeutic applications
No full textArtificial metallonucleases (ArMNs) are synthetic nucleases that utilise metals as the catalytic centre for cleaving nucleic acids, with the metal component present in the form of ions, complexes or nanoparticles. ArMNs have been developed as therapeutics for a range of diseases, including genetic disorders, cancer and infectious diseases. Achieving high site-specificity in ArMNs is crucial for their effective application in targeted therapeutic interventions. By employing advanced methodologies, these engineered nucleases can induce targeted modifications in the genome, thereby advancing genetic research, improving disease treatment and fostering biotechnological innovation. This review examines recent advancements over the past 20 years in the design and synthesis of site-specific ArMNs. Illustrated examples are provided to elucidate the underlying principles of their site-specific activity and to highlight their prospective applications. Additionally, strategies for overcoming challenges in enhancing the selectivity of these nucleases are discussed, and anticipated future research directions in this dynamic field are outlined
Effect of the injector geometry on a sonic jet into a supersonic crossflow
No full textLarge-eddy simulation of a sonic injection from circular and elliptic injectors into a supersonic crossflow has been performed. The effects of injector geometry on various fundamental mechanisms dictating the intricate flow phenomena including shock/jet interaction, jet shear layer vortices and their evolution, jet penetration properties and the relevant turbulence behaviors have been studied systematically. As a jet issuing transversely into a supersonic crossflow, salient three-dimensional shock and vortical structures, such as bow, separation and barrel shocks, Mach disk, horseshoe vortex, jet shear layer vortices and vortex pairs, are induced. The shock structures exhibit considerable deformations in the circular injection, while their fluctuation becomes smaller in the elliptic injection. The jet shear layer vortices are generated at the jet periphery and their evolution characteristics are analyzed through tracing the centroid of these coherent structures. It is found that the jet from the elliptic injector spreads rapidly in the spanwise direction but suffers a reduction in the transverse penetration compared to the circular injection case. The turbulent fluctuations are amplified because of the jet/crossflow interaction. The vertical Reynolds normal stress is enhanced in the downstream of the jet because of the upwash velocity induced by the counter-rotating vortex pair.<br/
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Non-monotonic effect of Stokes number on turbulence modulation in particle-laden channel flow
No full textThe effect of Stokes number on turbulence modulation in particle-laden channel flow is investigated through four-way coupled point-particle direct numerical simulations, with the mass loading fixed at 0.6 and the friction Stokes number varying from 3 to 300. A full transition pathway is observed, from a drag-enhanced to a drag-reduced regime, eventually approaching the single-phase state as increases towards 300. A set of transport equations for the particle phase is derived analytically to characterise the interphase coupling, within the framework of the point-based statistical description of particle-laden turbulence. By virtue of this, two dominant mechanisms are identified and quantitatively characterised: a positive, particle-induced extra transport that decreases monotonically with increasing , and a negative, particle-induced extra dissipation that varies non-monotonically with . The coupling of these two mechanisms leads to a direct contribution of the particle phase to the shear stress balance, the turbulent kinetic energy budgets and the Reynolds stress budgets. Consequently, as increases, the self-sustaining cycle of near-wall turbulence transitions from being augmented to being suppressed and, eventually, returns to the single-phase state. This gives rise to an indirect effect, manifested as a non-monotonic modulation of Reynolds shear stress and turbulence production rate. Taken together, complex interplays between particle-modified turbulent transport, particle-induced extra transport and extra dissipation are analysed and summarised, providing a holistic physical picture composed of consistent interpretations of turbulence modulation induced by small heavy particles
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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