6,231 research outputs found

    Response to the Round Table on Why Did We Choose to Industrialize? Montreal 1819–1849

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    Author Robert C.H. Sweeny responds to comments on his award-winning book, Why Did We Choose to Industrialize? Montreal 1819–1849.L’auteur Robert C.H. Sweeny répond aux commentaires de son livre récompensé, Why Did We Choose to Industrialize? Montreal 1819–1849

    Classification analysis for simulation of the duration of machine breakdowns

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    Machine failure can have a significant impact on the throughput of manufacturing systems, therefore accuratemodelling of breakdowns in manufacturing simulation models is essential. Finite mixture distributions havebeen successfully used by Ford Motor Company to model machine breakdown durations in simulation modelsof engine assembly lines. These models can be very complex, with a large number of machines. To simplifythe modelling we propose a method of grouping machines with similar distributions of breakdown durations,which we call the Arrows Classification Method, where the Two-Sample Cram´er-von-Mises statistic is usedto measure the similarity of two sets of the data. We evaluate the classification procedure by comparing thethroughput of a simulation model when run with mixture models fitted to individual machine breakdowndurations; mixture models fitted to group breakdown durations; and raw data. Details of the methods andresults of the classification will be presented, and demonstrated using an exampl

    Home Cooking, Food Consumption and Food Production among the Unemployed and Retired Households

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    Utilizing the 1996 Canadian Food Expenditure survey matched with Canadian Nutrient File, we separate actual food consumption from observed expenditure and test the Permanent Income/Life Cycle Hypothesis on the true consumption data. We find that the lower food expenditure during periods of unemployment or retirement (previously reported in the literature), does not translate into poorer nutrition. Household calorie intake and major nutrient intake seem to be unaffected by changes in employment status. We find evidence that unemployed or retired households substitute food purchased from restaurants for food purchased for at home consumption. Further, with the 1998 Time Use Survey we find that individuals who are not employed devote more time for food preparation. Finally we present limited evidence that unemployed and retired households substitute precooked meals for meals made from primary ingredients.Food Production, Nutrition, Consumption Smoothing

    Recourse against Judgments in the Netherlands

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    In the 1980s, the Netherlands witnessed the start of a comprehensive programme of reform in the fields of judicial organisation and procedure. The reform programme consists of three stages, of which the first has now been completed. This has, amongst other things, resulted in the consolidation of several administrative procedures which were formerly adjudicated by different judicial bodies, in the Arrondissementsrechtbank. Consequently, the Arrondissementsrechtbank has obtained extensive administrative jurisdiction together with its jurisdiction in civil and criminal cases. As part of the reforms in the second stage, a bill has been submitted to Parliament which contains changes in the court structure. It is proposed to abolish the Kantongerecht and to reallocate its jurisdiction to the Arrondissementsrechtbank, transforming the latter court into a general first-instance court. In addition, the bill contains changes in the Code of Civil Procedure. In the present report the author discusses the current situation January 1998
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