1,720,986 research outputs found
Goal-drive persistence uniquely predicts use of effective learning strategies in university students
No full textBig Five traits, such as conscientiousness, have been consistently associated with learning strategies linked to better academic performance. Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) is a neuropsychological personality theory of motivation and learning, but is rarely used to the study of academic performance in university students. This study used both personality frameworks to examine unique associations between personality traits and a range of learning strategies. 281 students (73 % female) completed an online survey at the beginning of a second-year undergraduate course. The survey consisted of measures of the Big Five, RST, and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. The Big Five traits of conscientiousness and openness, and the RST Behavioral Approach System dimensions of goal-drive persistence and reward interest, were all significantly associated with effective learning strategies (rs = 0.27–0.59). Notably though, only goal-drive persistence was uniquely and moderately strongly associated with effective learning strategies (betas = 0.41–0.54), when controlling for other traits. While previous research finds conscientiousness to be associated with effective learning strategies, this study suggests focussing on the RST dimension of goal-drive persistence and potential mechanisms that link this motivational trait with effective approaches to learning in university students.No Full Tex
Tipping the analytical scales, investigating the use of frequentist equivalence analyses in psychology : a scoping review
Get PDF202405 bcchVersion of RecordSelf-fundedPublishedC
Motivational processes contributing to disturbances in women's body image and eating
No full textReinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) provides a neurobiological personality framework for understanding approach and avoidance behavioural patterns. Recent research suggests an association between RST personality traits (reward interest and behavioural inhibition system [BIS]) and women's body image and eating behaviours. The current study aimed to extend this research by testing for indirect relationships between reward interest and BIS and eating disorder symptoms, as mediated through thin ideal internalisation. Adult female participants (N = 354, M = 22.06 years of age, SD = 6.78) completed self-report measures of reward interest, BIS, thin ideal internalisation, and eating disorder symptoms (i.e., restraint, eating concerns, weight and shape concerns). Indirect relationships were tested using bootstrapped mediation analyses. Results showed thin ideal internalisation mediated the pathways between the BIS and restraint, eating concern, and weight and shape concerns. Reward interest was not associated with thin ideal internalisation, or with eating disorder symptoms. Although the application of RST to women's body image is an emerging research area, these novel findings suggest BIS trait sensitivity may increase women's risk of body image concerns and restricted eating, via increased levels of thin ideal internalisation. Overall, these findings provide preliminary support for inclusion of individual differences in BIS sensitivity in risk factor models of body image and eating disturbances. Future research should aim to replicate these findings in more diverse samples, using longitudinal designs.Full Tex
The Role of Reward Sensitivity and Impulsivity in Overeating and Food Addiction
No full textPurpose of Review: This paper reviews the contribution of individual differences in two personality traits linked to addiction and over-consumption—impulsivity and reward sensitivity—in the context of overeating and food addiction. Recent Findings: There has been a rapid increase in the number of studies into overeating with a specific focus of late on food addiction. This review found trait impulsivity to be consistently associated with overeating and food addiction, while reward sensitivity has met with mixed results. While associated with overeating and food-cued cravings, reward sensitivity is less frequently associated with food addiction. Summary: The inclusion of impulsivity-related traits has gathered momentum in recent years adding additional understanding of individual factors that play roles in overeating that may lead to more severe overeating and obesity. Greater research is now required to determine the processes by which trait impulsivity and reward sensitivity lead to overeating behaviours
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Unravelling reciprocal effects among young adults’ binge drinking, stress, and anticipated regret
No full textProblematic alcohol consumption represents a critical risk to young adults’ mental and physical health (WHO, 2018). As a result, understanding negative consequences that stem from young adults’ binge drinking and inter-related factors that may mitigate increases in binge drinking has much to offer scholars and practitioners. In the current study, a two-wave random intercept cross-lagged panel design was used to examine the reciprocal inter-relations among stress, anticipated regret, and binge drinking within a lab-based study of young adults (N = 109, Mage = 19.85). Within-person findings indicated that high life stress and low anticipated regret predicted subsequent increases in binge drinking three months later, accounting for between-person stability in these constructs. All told, findings point to life stress as a robust predictor of increased binge drinking, and anticipated regret as a protective factor associated with reductions in binge drinking among young adults. Given that anticipated regret signalled subsequent drinking reductions, future research should consider ways to foreground anticipation of regret as a protective factor mitigating binge drinking increases.No Full Tex
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
