1,721,130 research outputs found
Benefits of mitigation of climate change for coastal areas
No full textThis paper considers the possible benefits of mitigation of climate change for coastal areas with a strong emphasis on sea-level rise as this is one of the most certain consequences of human-induced global warming. There is a long-term 'commitment to sea-level rise' due to the long thermal lags of the ocean system and hence the response of sea-level rise to mitigation is slower than for other climate factors. Therefore, while climate stabilisation reduces coastal impacts during the 21st century, compared to unmitigated emissions, the largest benefits may occur in the 22nd century (and beyond). The results of the analysis suggest that a mixture of adaptation and mitigation policies need to be considered for coastal areas, as this will provide a more robust response to human-induced climate change than either policy in isolation. This requires the joint evaluation of mitigation and adaptation in coastal areas, ideally using a probabilistic risk-based methodology, which would be a departure from existing analyses. Because of the long time constants involved such assessments need to continue beyond 2100 to provide the full implications of the different policy choices
Climate Data 111+ : Synthesis of Hazard Data Sources
No full textClimate Data 111+ is designed to be a comprehensive tool for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in climate risk assessment and adaptation. With 111+ data sources meticulously described and categorized, Climate Data 111+ offers both depth and clarity, making it easier for users to find and understand data they need. Whether for academic research, policy development, or practical implementation, our database is a comprehensive resource for addressing the challenges of climate change. Importantly, Climate Data 111+ emphasizes open access, ensuring that all users can freely access climate data without financial barriers.
Climate Data 111+ is detailed in several dimensions and provides a thorough understanding of the scope, quality and applicability of the data. Descriptions include the specific climate hazards covered, such as floods, droughts, heatwaves, or wildfires; the relevant time period (historical, present, or future); and the frequency of data collection or updates, ranging from hourly to yearly intervals. The geographic area covered by the data is specified, from local to global scales, and the level of detail in the spatial data is indicated, including the source's native resolution and the approximate spatial resolution standardised to kilometres for easy comparison across sources.
Climate Data 111+ also includes advanced attributes. Information on the type of ensemble used, such as Scenario Ensembles, Initial Condition Ensembles, or Parameter Ensembles, helps users understand the robustness and variability captured in the data. Additionally, the climate scenarios included in the data, ranging from business-as-usual to various mitigation pathways, are detailed, along with any post-processing applied, including bias correction, spatial and/or temporal aggregation, and ensemble aggregation.
To facilitate data accessibility and usability, Climate Data 111+ includes key indicators or metrics provided by the data source. Information on the recency and update frequency of the data ensures users have access to the latest information. The format in which the data is available, such as CSV, NetCDF, or JSON, is also specified.
Comprehensive metadata is provided to facilitate data sourcing and credibility assessment. This includes the organization or institution responsible for the data, which provides context for regional expertise and focus, and direct links to access the data or more information about the source
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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