1,720,953 research outputs found
Climate Imagineering: Practices and politics of sunlight reflection and carbon removal assessment
No full textThis thesis explores recent proposals for novel carbon sinks (carbon removal) and planetary sunshades (sunlight reflection) – often treated as forms of climate engineering, or deliberate and large-scale climate interventions. I examine sunlight reflection and carbon removal as case studies of emerging sociotechnical strategies in climate governance, where imperfect projections produced by expert assessments influence political debate and planning.
I explore the hidden politics of expert assessment: How knowledge is constructed, contested, and communicated by expert networks, and how these shape understandings of future climate options. My inquiries are grounded in analytical frameworks from the intersection of global environmental governance and science and technology studies, as well as stakeholder-facing technology governance frameworks such as ‘responsible research and innovation’.
I ask three research questions. Firstly: How is knowledge and evidence about sunlight reflection and carbon removal created (Chapters 2 and 3)? I focus on scientific expert networks in the global North, and the aims, epistemologies, and effects of their assessment practices. Secondly: What does this knowledge do (Chapters 2, 3, 4, and 5)? I examine how assessment practices set in play resonant terms and frames of reference that actively – if imperfectly – steer climate governance in their image. Thirdly: How can this knowledge be used to bridge differences (Chapters 5 and 6)? I move from how knowledge is constructed to focusing on that construction as a form of experimentation – engaging with different expert networks and knowledge types to use assessment practices as platforms exploring new directions for research and policy.
The chapters represent three directions. The first is from analytical to engagement work, using critical mappings of the knowledge economy to inform bridging activities amongst experts and stakeholders. The second is from retrospective to generative work – from analysis of how knowledge is constructed, to activities that use the future as a sandbox to generate new knowledge, and that in turn shape assessments. The final direction moves from general technological categories to specific approaches – engaging first with the wider politics of planetary interventions, and then with those of particular approaches and their expert networks.
I begin with interpretive reviews. Tools of the Trade (Chapter 2) juxtaposes a mission-oriented mode of assessment prioritizing actionable evidence for policy audiences against a deliberative mode aiming for open-ended appraisal with diverse stakeholders. The Practice of Responsible Research and Innovation (Chapter 3) takes a more critical look at deliberative activities, pointing out that these, by setting themselves up against mission-oriented work, engage in the same implicit and instrumental politics of knowledge-making. Delaying Decarbonization (Chapter 4) examines the longer and wider arc of climate governance, treating sunlight reflection and carbon removal as sociotechnical strategies that draw on the same political rationales that have informed a host of antecedent strategies, from market mechanisms and carbon capture to shale gas and short-lived climate pollutants.
I conclude with bridging and generative engagements on particular approaches. Is Bioenergy Carbon Capture and Storage Feasible? (Chapter 5) engages members of integrated assessment modeling groups and a multi-disciplinary group of critical experts, and finds that perspectives on how the ‘feasibility’ of novel climate options should be calculated are actually reflections on the influence of economic modeling work in climate policy. Engineering Imaginaries (Chapter 6) engages scholars invested in early conversations on the risk profiles and appropriate governance of a planetary form of sunlight reflection, and explores the value of anticipatory foresight approaches to create mutual learning amongst entrenched perspectives, and to generate governance that might be robust against many future plausibilities
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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