1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Στοχευμένος προσδιορισμός αλληλουχίας, με τεχνολογία δεύτερης γενιάς (Next Generation Sequencing), σε ασθενείς με μυελικές νεοπλασίες
Get PDFΣκοπός: Οι μυελικές νεοπλασίες είναι κλωνικές διαταραχές του αρχέγονου αιμοποιητικού κυττάρου (ΑΑΚ) και χαρακτηρίζονται από άσκοπο και άμετρο πολλαπλασιασμό ή/και διαταραχή της ωρίμανσης. Οι διαταραχές αυτές χωρίζονται σε δύο μεγάλες ομάδες νοσημάτων, στην Οξεία Μυελογενή Λευχαιμία (ΟΜΛ) και στα Χρόνια Μυελικά Νεοπλάσματα. Η ταξινόμηση αυτή βασίζεται κυρίως στον αριθμό των βλαστών στο περιφερικό αίμα ή τον μυελό των οστών. Με τη σειρά τους, τα Χρόνια Μυελικά Νεοπλάσματα ταξινομούνται σε τρείς κύριες κατηγορίες, τις Μυελοϋπερπλαστικές Νεοπλασίες (ΜΥΝ), τα Μυελοδυσπλαστικά Σύνδρομα (ΜΔΣ) και τα νοσήματα εκείνα που παρουσιάζουν χαρακτηριστικά και των δύο προηγούμενων κατηγοριών (ΜΔΣ/ΜΥΝ) σύμφωνα με κλινικά, μορφολογικά, γενετικά και μοριακά δεδομένα, όπως καταγράφονται στην πρόσφατη αναθεώρηση των διαγνωστικών κριτηρίων που εκδόθηκε πρόσφατα, από τον Παγκόσμιο Οργανισμό Υγείας (Π.Ο.Υ., 2016). Μέχρι πρόσφατα, η διάγνωση και ταξινόμηση αυτών των νοσημάτων, βασιζόταν σχεδόν αποκλειστικά σε κυτταρολογικά χαρακτηριστικά και καρυοτυπικές αναλύσεις, με εξαίρεση πολύ συγκεκριμένες μοριακές βλάβες, όπως εκείνες στα γονίδια JAK2, CALR και MPL, που ανιχνεύονται στην πλειοψηφία των ασθενών με ΜΥΝ, σπανιότερα δε στα ΜΔΣ/ΜΥΝ. Η πρόοδος της τεχνολογίας οδήγησε σε καλύτερο χαρακτηρισμό της παθογένειας των μυελικών νεοπλασιών, με την ανάδειξη πληθώρας μεταλλάξεων σε γονίδια με ετερογενείς κυτταρικές λειτουργίες και μάλιστα με διαφορετική συχνότητα σε κάθε περίπτωση. Χαρακτηριστικό παράδειγμα αποτελούν οι συχνές μεταλλάξεις στα γονίδια JAK2, MPL και CALR, που ανιχνεύονται στην πλειοψηφία των ασθενών με Ιδιοπαθή Θρομβοκυτταραιμία (ΙΘ) ή Μυελοΐνωση (ΜΙ), και οι οποίες θεωρούνται φαινοτυπικές (phenotypic drivers) μεταλλάξεις. Επιπλέον, μεταλλάξεις έχουν αναφερθεί σε γονίδια που εμπλέκονται στη ρύθμιση του επιγενετικού μηχανισμού ρύθμισης του κυττάρου, στον κυτταρικό κύκλο, στην ωρίμανση του mRNA και σε άλλες σημαντικές διεργασίες. Οι μεταλλάξεις αυτές θεωρείται πως διαμορφώνουν τον κλινικό φαινότυπο και συμβάλλουν στην πρόοδο και εξέλιξη της νόσου. Σκοπό της παρούσας Διπλωματικής Εργασίας, αποτέλεσε η μελέτη του Μοριακού τοπίου των ασθενών με μυελικές νεοπλασίες, μέσω στοχευμένου προσδιορισμού της νουκλεοτιδικής ακολουθίας, συχνά μεταλλαγμένων γονιδίων, με χρήση τεχνολογίας δεύτερης γενιάς (targeted panel Next Generation Sequencing) και η ανάπτυξη μίας συμβατής βιοπληροφορικής ροής, για την ανάλυση των δεδομένων. Η διαδικασία αυτή συνεισφέρει στην εύκολη, γρήγορη και αξιόπιστη Μοριακή τυποποίηση των ασθενών με μυελικές νεοπλασίες, συμβάλλοντας έτσι στην ορθή διάγνωση και ταξινόμηση, αλλά και σε πρόγνωση και διαστρωμάτωση του κινδύνου εκτροπής αυτών προς ΟΜΛ, ενώ ιδανικά, δύναται να παρέχει πληροφορίες σχετικά με τις διαθέσιμες θεραπευτικές επιλογές. Μέθοδοι: Στην παρούσα εργασία αναπτύχθηκε μία βιοπληροφορική ροή για την ανάλυση δεδομένων NGS, με στόχο την ανάδειξη μοριακών εξαλλαγών. Για το σκοπό αυτό χρησιμοποιήθηκε η προγραμματιστική γλώσσα Common Workflow Language (CWL) σε συνδυασμό με το λογισμικό Docker, που διευκολύνει τη χρήση, μεταφορά και επαναληψιμότητα της αναλυτικής διαδικασίας. Συνολικά, μελετήθηκαν 51 ασθενείς με μυελικές νεοπλασίες σε Χρόνια ή Οξεία φάση. Αρχικά, απομονώθηκε DNA από περιφερικό αίμα ή μυελό των οστών. Ακολούθησε κατασκευή βιβλιοθηκών DNA, ενώ τέλος πραγματοποιήθηκε στοχευμένος προσδιορισμός της νουκλεοτιδικής ακολουθίας 28 γονίδιων ή μεμονωμένων περιοχών αυτών. Οι περιοχές των γονιδίων που μελετήθηκαν αναφέρονται συχνά μεταλλαγμένα στους ασθενείς με μυελικές νεοπλασίες, όπως υποστηρίζεται από τη σύγχρονη βιβλιογραφία. Αποτελέσματα: Συνολικά αναδείχθηκαν 223 μοριακές εξαλλαγές, εκ των οποίων 29 είχαν ήδη ανιχνευθεί προηγουμένως στο εργαστήριο μας, με ήδη εγκαθιδρυμένες τεχνικές Μοριακής Βιολογίας (post Real-time PCR HRMA και Sanger Sequencing). Από αυτές, 21 μεταλλάξεις εντοπίστηκαν σε 9 ασθενείς με ΜΔΣ, 3 στον μοναδικό ασθενή με ΜΔΣ/ΜΥΝ, 173 σε 33 ασθενείς με ΜΥΝ και 26 στους 8 ασθενείς με ΟΜΛ. Συμπεράσματα: Με την παρούσα εργασία αναδείξαμε τη μεγάλη ετερογένεια του μοριακού τοπίου των μυελικών νεοπλασιών, ακόμα και σε ίδιες ή παρόμοιες κοορτές ασθενών. Παράλληλα εγκαθιδρύσαμε την τεχνική NGS, για την ταυτόχρονη μελέτη πολλών γενομικών περιοχών, ολόκληρων εξωνίων ή και γονιδίων, για περισσότερους από έναν ασθενείς, σε μία μόνο αντίδραση και μάλιστα με υψηλή ευαισθησία. Ταυτόχρονα, προτείνουμε βελτιώσεις, τόσο στο τεχνικό όσο και στο αναλυτικό υπόβαθρο της διαδικασίας, αποσκοπώντας σε βελτίωση της ευαισθησίας και ακρίβειας της μεθοδολογίας, κατά την ανάδειξη μοριακών εξαλλαγών, όπως επίσης σε εμπεριστατωμένη αξιολόγηση της επίπτωσης αυτών στο φαινότυπο της νόσου, με απώτερο στόχο την ενσωμάτωση της τεχνολογίας NGS στην κλινική πράξη.Objective: Myeloid neoplasms are clonal disorders of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and are characterized by excess proliferation and/or disruption of maturation of one or more myeloid cell lineages. These disorders are divided into two major categories, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid neoplasms. This classification is mainly based on the number of blasts in peripheral blood or bone marrow. Chronic myeloid neoplasms are classified into three main categories according to clinical, morphological, genetic and molecular data, as reported in the recent revision of the World Health Organization (WHO, 2016), Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs), Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and a category with overlapping features of both MDS and MPNs, referred to as Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN). Until recently, the diagnosis and classification of these disorders was based almost exclusively on morphological and cytogenetic features, with the exception of very specific molecular lesions, such as those in the JAK2, CALR and MPL genes, detected in the majority of MPN patients, and more rarely in MDS/MPN. The recent advances in technology have led to a better characterization of the pathogenesis of the myeloid neoplasms, with the identification of an increasing number of genetic defects in genes with heterogeneous cellular functions. A typical example is the frequent mutations in the JAK2, MPL and CALR genes detected in the majority of patients with essential thrombocytosis (ET) and myelofibrosis (MF), which are considered as driver mutations. Additionally, several other mutated genes have been identified and most of these mutations affect a range of essential, interrelated cellular mechanisms such us epigenetic regulation, RNA splicing, transcription and DNA damage response. The various combinations of mutations suggest a multistep pathogenesis and may account for the clinical heterogeneity. The delineation of the complex clonal architectures of these disorders could serve as the cornerstone for better risk stratification of these patients and for the identification of novel therapeutic targets within the context of Precision Medicine. The purpose of this Diploma Thesis was to study the molecular landscape of patients with myeloid neoplasms through targeted re-sequencing, in commonly mutated genes, using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology and developing a portable and user-friendly bioinformatics pipeline for the data analysis. This process enables an affordable, rapid and reliable molecular screening of patients with myeloid neoplasms, contributing thus in a more accurate diagnosis and classification, prognosis and patients’ risk stratification, and could also provide information regarding the available therapeutic options. Methods: In this study a bioinformatics pipeline was developed for the analysis of NGS data aiming at variant calling. For this purpose, the Common Workflow Language (CWL) programming language was used in conjunction with the Docker software, which facilitates the easy use, transfer and repeatability of the analytical process. Overall, 51 patients with myeloid neoplasms in chronic or blast phase were studied. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood or bone marrow. DNA libraries were constructed, and targeted re-sequencing was performed on 28 genomic targets (full genes or specific exons). The selection of the genomic regions under investigation represent mutational hotspots according to recent data and WHO and European LeukemiaNET guidelines. Results: In total, 223 variants were identified, of which 29 were previously detected in our laboratory, with already established methods (Post Real-time PCR HRMA and Sanger Sequencing). Of these, 21 variants were detected in 9 MDS patients, 3 in the only MDS/MPN patient, 173 in 33 MPN patients and 26 in 8 AML patients. Conclusions: In this study, we highlighted the molecular heterogeneity of the genomic landscape of myeloid neoplasms, either within the same or similar cohorts of patients. We also established a custom NGS methodology for the simultaneous analysis of many genomic regions, entire exons and/or genes, for more than one patient, in a single experiment. Furthermore, we propose amendments in both technical and analytical workflow of the process, aiming thus to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of the method regarding variant calling, as well as for the assessment of the impact of these variants on disease phenotype, in order the NGS technology to be reliably incorporated in clinical practice
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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