1,720,966 research outputs found
Modélisation par la méthode Lattice Boltzmann de la diffusion de chaleur et d’humidité dans des matériaux biosourcés à partir de leur morphologie 3D
No full textAs thermal performance of buildings is increasing, the simulation codes used during design require more accurate construction material data. Moreover, the use of bio-based materials which are hygroscopic (their moisture content balances with the ambient moist air) is booming. Their thermal conductivity and mass diffusivity must therefore be accurately characterized. A key factor affecting these properties is the microstructure of the materials. This work is dedicated to the prediction of macroscopic properties of spruce and fibreboards (heterogeneous and anisotropic materials) from their real 3D morphology. This is obtained by synchrotron X-ray microtomography, a powerful and nondestructive technique to characterize the internal structure of materials. Image processing allows the segmentation of the solid and gaseous phases. To model heat and mass diffusion, we choose the Lattice Boltzmann method because of its simple numerical development, suitability for parallel computing and easy processing of complex morphologies. The equivalent thermal conductivity and mass diffusivity are calculated in three orthogonal directions for each material. The results highlight the influence of the internal structure and the strong anisotropy of the materials studied (ratio of 2 between tangential and longitudinal directions of wood for heat diffusion and of 30 for mass diffusion). The transverse thermal conductivity of the lightweight board is about 0,04 W m−1 K−1.Avec la performance thermique croissante des bâtiments, les codes de simulation utilisés en conception requièrent des données de plus en plus précises sur les matériaux de construction. De plus, l’utilisation de matériaux biosourcés qui sont hygroscopiques (leur teneur en eau s’équilibre avec l’air humide ambiant) est en pleine expansion. Leur conductivité thermique et leur diffusivité massique doivent ainsi être caractérisées précisément. Un facteur essentiel affectant ces propriétés est la microstructure des matériaux. Ce travail de thèse propose de prédire les propriétés macroscopiques d’épicéa et de panneaux de fibres de bois (matériaux hétérogènes et anisotropes) à partir de leur morphologie réelle 3D. Celle-ci est obtenue par micro-tomographie synchrotron aux rayons X, outil très performant pour caractériser la structure interne d’un matériau de façon non destructive. Un traitement d’images permet de segmenter les phases solide et gazeuse. La méthode numérique choisie pour modéliser la diffusion de chaleur et de masse est la méthode Lattice Boltzmann car elle est simple à implémenter et à paralléliser et qu’elle peut facilement traiter des morphologies complexes. Les conductivités thermiques et diffusivités massiques équivalentes sont calculées dans trois directions orthogonales pour chaque matériau. Les résultats mettent en évidence l’influence de la structure interne et la forte anisotropie des matériaux étudiés (rapport 2 entre les directions tangentielle et longitudinale du bois en thermique et 30 en massique). La conductivité thermique transversale du panneau léger est de 0,04 W m−1 K−1
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Modélisation par la méthode Lattice Boltzmann de la diffusion de chaleur et d’humidité dans des matériaux biosourcés à partir de leur morphologie 3D
No full textAs thermal performance of buildings is increasing, the simulation codes used during design require more accurate construction material data. Moreover, the use of bio-based materials which are hygroscopic (their moisture content balances with the ambient moist air) is booming. Their thermal conductivity and mass diffusivity must therefore be accurately characterized. A key factor affecting these properties is the microstructure of the materials. This work is dedicated to the prediction of macroscopic properties of spruce and fibreboards (heterogeneous and anisotropic materials) from their real 3D morphology. This is obtained by synchrotron X-ray microtomography, a powerful and nondestructive technique to characterize the internal structure of materials. Image processing allows the segmentation of the solid and gaseous phases. To model heat and mass diffusion, we choose the Lattice Boltzmann method because of its simple numerical development, suitability for parallel computing and easy processing of complex morphologies. The equivalent thermal conductivity and mass diffusivity are calculated in three orthogonal directions for each material. The results highlight the influence of the internal structure and the strong anisotropy of the materials studied (ratio of 2 between tangential and longitudinal directions of wood for heat diffusion and of 30 for mass diffusion). The transverse thermal conductivity of the lightweight board is about 0,04 W m−1 K−1.Avec la performance thermique croissante des bâtiments, les codes de simulation utilisés en conception requièrent des données de plus en plus précises sur les matériaux de construction. De plus, l’utilisation de matériaux biosourcés qui sont hygroscopiques (leur teneur en eau s’équilibre avec l’air humide ambiant) est en pleine expansion. Leur conductivité thermique et leur diffusivité massique doivent ainsi être caractérisées précisément. Un facteur essentiel affectant ces propriétés est la microstructure des matériaux. Ce travail de thèse propose de prédire les propriétés macroscopiques d’épicéa et de panneaux de fibres de bois (matériaux hétérogènes et anisotropes) à partir de leur morphologie réelle 3D. Celle-ci est obtenue par micro-tomographie synchrotron aux rayons X, outil très performant pour caractériser la structure interne d’un matériau de façon non destructive. Un traitement d’images permet de segmenter les phases solide et gazeuse. La méthode numérique choisie pour modéliser la diffusion de chaleur et de masse est la méthode Lattice Boltzmann car elle est simple à implémenter et à paralléliser et qu’elle peut facilement traiter des morphologies complexes. Les conductivités thermiques et diffusivités massiques équivalentes sont calculées dans trois directions orthogonales pour chaque matériau. Les résultats mettent en évidence l’influence de la structure interne et la forte anisotropie des matériaux étudiés (rapport 2 entre les directions tangentielle et longitudinale du bois en thermique et 30 en massique). La conductivité thermique transversale du panneau léger est de 0,04 W m−1 K−1
Modélisation par la méthode Lattice Boltzmann de la diffusion de chaleur et d’humidité dans des matériaux biosourcés à partir de leur morphologie 3D
No full textAs thermal performance of buildings is increasing, the simulation codes used during design require more accurate construction material data. Moreover, the use of bio-based materials which are hygroscopic (their moisture content balances with the ambient moist air) is booming. Their thermal conductivity and mass diffusivity must therefore be accurately characterized. A key factor affecting these properties is the microstructure of the materials. This work is dedicated to the prediction of macroscopic properties of spruce and fibreboards (heterogeneous and anisotropic materials) from their real 3D morphology. This is obtained by synchrotron X-ray microtomography, a powerful and nondestructive technique to characterize the internal structure of materials. Image processing allows the segmentation of the solid and gaseous phases. To model heat and mass diffusion, we choose the Lattice Boltzmann method because of its simple numerical development, suitability for parallel computing and easy processing of complex morphologies. The equivalent thermal conductivity and mass diffusivity are calculated in three orthogonal directions for each material. The results highlight the influence of the internal structure and the strong anisotropy of the materials studied (ratio of 2 between tangential and longitudinal directions of wood for heat diffusion and of 30 for mass diffusion). The transverse thermal conductivity of the lightweight board is about 0,04 W m−1 K−1.Avec la performance thermique croissante des bâtiments, les codes de simulation utilisés en conception requièrent des données de plus en plus précises sur les matériaux de construction. De plus, l’utilisation de matériaux biosourcés qui sont hygroscopiques (leur teneur en eau s’équilibre avec l’air humide ambiant) est en pleine expansion. Leur conductivité thermique et leur diffusivité massique doivent ainsi être caractérisées précisément. Un facteur essentiel affectant ces propriétés est la microstructure des matériaux. Ce travail de thèse propose de prédire les propriétés macroscopiques d’épicéa et de panneaux de fibres de bois (matériaux hétérogènes et anisotropes) à partir de leur morphologie réelle 3D. Celle-ci est obtenue par micro-tomographie synchrotron aux rayons X, outil très performant pour caractériser la structure interne d’un matériau de façon non destructive. Un traitement d’images permet de segmenter les phases solide et gazeuse. La méthode numérique choisie pour modéliser la diffusion de chaleur et de masse est la méthode Lattice Boltzmann car elle est simple à implémenter et à paralléliser et qu’elle peut facilement traiter des morphologies complexes. Les conductivités thermiques et diffusivités massiques équivalentes sont calculées dans trois directions orthogonales pour chaque matériau. Les résultats mettent en évidence l’influence de la structure interne et la forte anisotropie des matériaux étudiés (rapport 2 entre les directions tangentielle et longitudinale du bois en thermique et 30 en massique). La conductivité thermique transversale du panneau léger est de 0,04 W m−1 K−1
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
