8 research outputs found
Biografiens materielle muligheder: Clara Lachmann (1864-1920) tegnet gennem familiefotografier, musikinstrumenter og menukort
Get PDFHvilket potentiale besidder ikke-skriftlige kilder som biografiske analyseobjekter og hvordan kan kilder som fotografier, illustrationer og personlige ejendele integreres i biografiske studier? Disse spørgsmål udgør omdrejningspunktet fordenne artikel, der illustrerer og diskuterer anvendelsen af ikke-skriftlige kilder i udforskningen af et levet liv. Artiklen tager udgangspunkt i et konkret biografisk casestudie om den dansk/svenske kulturpersonlighed Clara Lachmann (1864-1920). Skønt Clara oprettede en millionstiftelse i sit navn, der fortsat yder støtte til skandinavisk samarbejde, er store dele af hendes liv forsvundet ud af historien, blandt andet fordi hun kun har efterladt sig få skriftlige spor. Med afsæt i erkendelser fra den nyere forskning i materiel og visuel kultur, viser artiklen, hvordan materielle og visuelle kilder kan bidrage til at afdække hidtil ukendte aspekter af Claras personlige historie, familiens jødiske tilhørsforhold og deres sociale placering. Artiklen knytter forbindelser mellem den biografiske genre og materielle og visuelle kulturstudier og tilføjer herigennem nye metodiske redskaber til den biografiske værktøjskasse
Kærlighed i fængsel: Et studie af intime relationer i Horsens Straffeanstalt i slutningen af 1800-tallet
Get PDFDenne artikel undersøger, hvordan fanger i Horsens Straffeanstalt indgik intime relationer med kvinder under deres afsoning. Artiklen tager sit empirisk udgangspunkt i kildemateriale fra den såkaldte Tugthussag fra 1883, der omhandlede et illegalt netværk mellem fanger og ansatte i Horsens Straffeanstalt. På baggrund af forhørsprotokoller og kærestebreve, der blev fremlagt som bevismateriale i sagen, sætter ariklen fokus på særligt to fanger, der under afsoning etablerede forhold til fængselspræstens tjenestepiger. Med metodisk afsæt i Michel de Certeaus begreb om hverdagens praksis og klassiske antropologiske teorier om udvekslinger og gavegivning, tematiserer artiklen både spørgsmål om fangeagens og social kontrol i det moderne fængsel
FATTIGHAVER OG FORHANDLINGER AF MEDBORGERSKAB: ET STUDIE AF FORHANDLINGEN MELLEM FATTIGHJÆLPSMODTAGER OG FATTIGUDVALG I TIDEN EFTER 1849
Get PDFFattighaver og forhandlinger af medborgerskab: Et studie af forhandlingen mellem fattighjælpsmodtager og fattigudvalg i tiden efter 1849
Med udgangspunkt i fattighaverne i Aarhus, sætter denne artikel fokus på forhandlingen mellem fattighjælpsmodtager og fattigudvalg. Eftersom offentlig fattighjælp, i tiden efter junigrundlovens indførelse, var knyttet til et tab af både civile og politiske rettigheder, behandler artiklen mødet mellem modtager og giver, ikke kun som en forhandling om fattighjælp, men også som en forhandling af medborgerskab. Selvom fattighaverne var en del af byens offentlige fattigforsorg, medførte tildelingen af en fattighave ikke rettighedsfortabelse. Havernes brugere havde derved muligheden for på én og samme tid, at være offentlige fattighjælpsmodtagere og politiske medborgere. Mens offentlig hjælp blev set som værende umyndiggørende og i opposition til det politiske medborgerskab, argumenterer artiklen for, at fattighaverne blev givet i kraft af ansøgerens myndighed og samtidigt understøttede udviklingen af samme. Gennem en analyse af ansøgninger til haver viser artiklen, hvordan ansøgerne fik forhandlet sig til en have ved at fremstille sig selv som myndige medborgere, der på bedste vis forsøgte at forsørge deres familie. Derudover udgjorde selve havebruget en konkret mulighed for fattighjælpsmodtagerne til at bevise, at de var i besiddelse af den arbejdsomhed og selvstændighed, der gjorde dem til værdige, politiske medborgere. Gennem kontrol og eftersyn med haverne, søgte fattigudvalget samtidigt at kultivere en bestemt tilsigtet adfærd hos havebrugerne, hvorfor haverne også kan ses som et led i en moralsk opdragelse af de fattige
De fattiges ret: Forhandlinger af socialt medborgerskab som status og praksis i stat og kommune, 1849-1892
Get PDFDenne afhandling undersøger hvordan det social medborgerskab blev forhandlet fra Grundloven i 1849 til indførelsen af socialreformerne i begyndelsen af 1890’erne. Med et teoretisk og metodisk afsæt i nyere medborgerskabsstudier, undersøger afhandlingen kommunale medborgerskabsforhandlinger i Aarhus og hvordan disse forhandlinger spillede sammen med udformningen af det nationale medborgerskab. Afhandlingen beskæftiger sig både med formaliserede forhandlinger, der foregik i officielle politiske institutioner, og de mindre formaliserede forhandlinger, der var indlejret i den kommunale forvaltning og som foregik mellem giver og modtager af fattighjælp. Afhandlingen giver et indblik i den danske velfærdsstats historie, en grundig indføring i 1800-tallets fattiglovgivning og fattigforsorg og sætter samtidigt ansigt på de mennesker, der søgte om hjælp fra det offentlige.
Afhandlingen består af 5 dele:
Del 1: Fattigforsorg og medborgerskab.
Del 2: Henvendelser til Aarhus Byråd.
Del 3: Fattighaver.
Del 4: Legater og legatboliger.
Del 5: Ekstraordinær hjælp.
 
Development of a life cycle assessment allocation approach for circular economy in the built environment
Get PDFTransitioning the built environment to a circular economy (CE) is vital to achieve sustainability goals but requires metrics. Life cycle assessment (LCA) can analyse the environmental performance of CE. However, conventional LCA methods assess individual products and single life cycles whereas circular assessment requires a systems perspective as buildings, components and materials potentially have multiple use and life cycles. How should benefits and burdens be allocated between life cycles? This study compares four different LCA allocation approaches: (a) the EN 15804/15978 cut-off approach, (b) the Circular Footprint Formula (CFF), (c) the 50:50 approach, and (d) the linearly degressive (LD) approach. The environmental impacts of four ‘circular building components’ is calculated: (1) a concrete column and (2) a timber column both designed for direct reuse, (3) a recyclable roof felt and (4) a window with a reusable frame. Notable differences in impact distributions between the allocation approaches were found, thus incentivising different CE principles. The LD approach was found to be promising for open and closed-loop systems within a closed loop supply chain (such as the ones assessed here). A CE LD approach was developed to enhance the LD approach’s applicability, to closer align it with the CE concept, and to create an incentive for CE in the industry.Housing Managemen
Towards circular life cycle assessment for the built environment: A comparison of allocation approaches
Get PDFIntroduction. The building sector consumes 40% of resources globally, produces 40% of global waste and 33% of greenhouse gas emissions. The transition towards a Circular Economy (CE) in the built environment is vital to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of climate action and responsible consumption and production. Metrics are needed to support this transition; previous work identified Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as the best method to analyse the environmental performance of the CE. However, current LCA methods focus on the individual system, considering a single lifecycle. Circular assessment requires a systems-perspective: buildings, components, parts and materials have multiple lifecycles. Thus, questions arise about how benefits and burdens should be allocated between systems. Method. In this study, we compare the potential influence of applying different allocation approaches in LCA method. We calculate the environmental impacts of two 'circular building components': (1) a concrete column designed for direct reuse and (2) a recyclable roof felt. We applied four allocation approaches: (a) the cut-off approach stated in EN 15804/15978, (b) the Circular Footprint Formula (CFF) from the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF), (c) the 50:50 approach, and (d) the linearly degressive (LD) approach. Results. The allocation approaches resulted in notable differences in impact distributions thereby incentivising different CE principles (narrowing, slowing and closing). Due to the long lifespan of building components, concerns regarding uncertainty and 'green-washing' resulting from allocation of impacts between cycles arise. However, the LD approach was, for closed-loop systems (such as the ones assessed here), found to be promising: it is simple to use; it creates incentives for narrowing, slowing and closing loops and to design for these in the future; it deals with the uncertainty, material quality and number of use cycles. Conclusion. The comparison of allocation approaches and first recommendation on an allocation approach provides an important step towards circular life cycle assessment and, subsequently, helps promote the CE concept within the building industry.Housing Managemen
Women who wreak havoc: a new perspective on early modern drama, 1603-1642
Get PDFThis doctoral thesis looks anew at the representation of women in the non-Shakespearean plays of early Stuart England (1603-1642). The chapters progress chronologically, locating common themes of the period, which I analyse independently in each chapter, and consider in the conclusion comprehensively. The introduction serves to present these recurring themes and alert the reader to their importance and relevance to the period as a whole. Chapter 1 considers adultery and torture, as well as the ramifications of a woman's speaking and writing in George Chapman' s The Tragedy of Bussy D 'Ambois (1604). Chapter 2 investigates the nature of villainy, and also the moral ambiguity in the representation of suicide in Thomas Heywood's The Rape ofLucrece (1607-08). Chapter 3 is a reading of Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher's The Maid's Tragedy (1611): the analysis takes exception to the common perceptions of villainy, and considers narcissism and melancholy in women. Chapter 4 examines early modem humoral theory in Nathan Field, Philip Massinger and John Fletcher's play, The Queen of Corinth (1616-17). The chapter also explores the period's views of the Self. In Chapter 5, on The Sea Voyage, by John Fletcher and Philip Massinger (1622), colonial discovery, its metaphorical associations with . appropriating women, and its links with utopian ideals in early modem England are explored. Chapter 6 surveys the women in John Ford's 'Tis Pity She's a Whore (1629-22). It presents a critical examination of natural law and morality, and investigates melancholy in women. Issues relating to women and knowledge, and the nature of women's revenge are also considered. Chapter 7, on The Lost Lady, by William Berkeley (1637), deals with race, the fetishising of the anatomical parts of a woman, and the representation of friendships between women. The final chapter,' on James Shirley's The Cardinal (1641), undertakes an examination of the similarities between colonial exploration and the appropriation of women's bodies. Additionally, views on both virginity and widowhood are explored. This chapter also demonstrates how the successful execution of revenge is denied to women, and how melancholy was often exhibited as madness when it was diagnosed in women. The conclusion contends that the playwrights, far from reinforcing gender stereotypes, create women with whom we can sympathise even though they ignore the period's imposed expectations and overthrow cultural assumptions about their natures. It further suggests that the reason for their having been ignored is a fault of modem scholarship, which has either exalted Shakespeare to the detriment of these other worthy plays, or turned to these plays with an essentialist analysis that excludes the multifaceted nature of women from their work
