1,721,010 research outputs found
Know Your Exceptions: Towards an Ontology of Exceptions in Knowledge Representation
No full textDefeasible reasoning is a kind of reasoning where some generalisations
may not be valid in all circumstances, that is general conclusions may fail in some
cases. Various formalisms have been developed to model this kind of reasoning,
which is characteristic of common-sense contexts. However, it is not easy for a
modeller to choose among these systems the one that better fits its domain from an
ontological point of view.
In this paper we first propose a framework based on the notions of exceptionality
and defeasibility in order to be able to compare formalisms and reveal their ontological commitments. Then, we apply this framework to compare four systems,
showing the differences that may occur from an ontological perspective
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Extending ASP Based Reasoning to Expressive Constructive Description Logics
No full textConstructive description logics provide different interpretations of description logics under constructive semantics. While several constructive semantics for description logics have been proposed, such logics have been mostly studied from the point of view of their formal properties. Practical applications of these logics have been proposed, but there has been no effort in applying them in general in knowledge representation and Semantic Web languages and tools (i.e., the distinctive applications of description logics). In our recent work, we started to address this aspect: we introduced a constructive semantics for the description logic EL and we established formal results that link this constructive interpretation to answer set semantics. On the base of these results, we presented a datalog translation reasoning on one aspect of such semantics (the generation of information terms of a knowledge base) and an implementation using Semantic Web ontologies and "off the shelf" tools. In this paper, we want to highlight this line of research and its possibilities and the challenges in extending this work to more expressive description logics
Extending ASP Based Reasoning to Expressive Constructive Description Logics
No full textConstructive description logics provide different interpretations of description logics under constructive semantics. While several constructive semantics for description logics have been proposed, such logics have been mostly studied from the point of view of their formal properties. Practical applications of these logics have been proposed, but there has been no effort in applying them in general in knowledge representation and Semantic Web languages and tools (i.e., the distinctive applications of description logics). In our recent work, we started to address this aspect: we introduced a constructive semantics for the description logic EL and we established formal results that link this constructive interpretation to answer set semantics. On the base of these results, we presented a datalog translation reasoning on one aspect of such semantics (the generation of information terms of a knowledge base) and an implementation using Semantic Web ontologies and "off the shelf" tools. In this paper, we want to highlight this line of research and its possibilities and the challenges in extending this work to more expressive description logics
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Joint Proceedings of the Web Stream Processing workshop (WSP 2017) and the 2nd International Workshop on Ontology Modularity, Contextuality, and Evolution (WOMoCoE 2017) co-located with 16th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2017), Vienna, Austria, October 22nd, 2017. CEUR Workshop Proceedings 1936, CEUR-WS.org 2017
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