442 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-cad-10.1177_00111287231151593 – Supplemental material for Unraveling the Sexual Victimization of Sex Workers: A Latent Class Analysis Through the Lens of Environmental Criminology
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-cad-10.1177_00111287231151593 for Unraveling the Sexual Victimization of Sex Workers: A Latent Class Analysis Through the Lens of Environmental Criminology by April Miin Miin Chai, Julien Chopin, Lorena Molnar and Eric Beauregard in Crime & Delinquency</p
Haas-Molnar Continued Fractions and Metric Diophantine Approximation.
No full textHaas–Molnar maps are a family of maps of the unit interval introduced by A. Haas and D. Molnar. They include the regular continued fraction map and A. Renyi’s backward continued fraction map as important special cases. As shown by Haas and Molnar, it is possible to extend the theory of metric diophantine approximation, already well developed for the Gauss continued fraction map, to the class of Haas–Molnar maps. In particular, for a real number x, if (p n /q n )n≥1 denotes its sequence of regular continued fraction convergents, set θ n (x) = q 2n|x − p n /q n |, n = 1, 2.... The metric behaviour of the Cesàro averages of the sequence (θ n (x))n≥1 has been studied by a number of authors. Haas and Molnar have extended this study to the analogues of the sequence (θ n (x))n≥1 for the Haas–Molnar family of continued fraction expansions. In this paper we extend the study of n≥1 for certain sequences (k n )n≥1, initiated by the second named author, to Haas–Molnar maps
Trapped Within Borders: Exploitation of Migrant Seasonal Workers in German Agriculture During COVID-19 Lockdown; Placing the Actors and Understanding Their Roles
No full textWhile European borders were closed because of the COVID-19 pandemic, Europe witnessed the exodus of Romanian seasonal workers to Germany. Although both countries’ governments agreed to allow this under the condition of the strictest adherence to the sanitary restrictions and workers’ rights, soon after, the media began to report situations of non-adherence to the coronavirus-related measures and workers’ labor rights. Following the theoretical framework of the Routine Activities Approach and its updates, this case study combines the collection of press material (N=140), Facebook posts (N=93), and interviews with seasonal workers in agriculture (N=5) and identifies the exploitative behaviors and actors involved. The results suggest that the perpetrators of these behaviors were certain intermediaries as well as farmers. The seasonal workers most at-risk were those with poor literacy who had not mastered the German language, were financially precarious, and were unwilling to seek the authorities’ help. The spaces in which the exploitation occurred were cyberspace or isolated rural farms. Seven guardians and seven super-controllers played a considerable role in protecting the workers on the farms, but not during the recruitment process. Situational prevention techniques, such as the creation of a mobile application to inform workers of their rights and allow them to report violations remotely, and collaboration with online platform services to flag fraudulent job advertisements automatically are proposed
Traduzindo as metamorfoses de narradora-mãe-tradutora: Marcela Lanius e a "Máquina de Leite", de Szilvia Molnar
No full textThe Nursery is a novel written in English by Szilvia Molnar and translated into Brazilian Portuguese by Marcela Lanius. The text, narrated in the first person by a nameless protagonist, is a careful writing project between the author and her translator character, the latter on the verge of becoming a mother through language. Marked by the often grotesque tone of the bodily metamorphosis of the postpartum period, the novel requires the translator to articulate herself and the target language in order to make the translation project resonate with the brutal and affective experiences of motherhood. In this interview, Marcela Lanius discusses her translation project, which sought to understand, translate, and recreate the strangeness of the source text.Máquina de Leite é um romance escrito, em inglês, por Szilvia Molnar, e traduzido ao português brasileiro por Marcela Lanius. O texto, narrado em primeira pessoa por uma protagonista sem nome, é um cuidadoso projeto de escrita entre a autora e sua personagem tradutora, esta última em vias de se tornar mãe pela linguagem. Marcado pelo tom muitas vezes grotesco da metamorfose corporal do pós-parto, o romance exige de quem traduz a articulação de si, e da língua de chegada, a fim de fazer o projeto de tradução ecoar em experiências brutais e afetivas da maternidade. Nesta entrevista, Marcela Lanius conta sobre o seu projeto de tradução que procurou entender, traduzir e recriar as estranhezas do texto de partida
Researching Hate:Negotiating the Digital as Field Site in the Study of Extremist Cultures and Propaganda Online
No full textResearch in digital spaces, particularly the study of violent actors and organizations, poses ethical, methodological, and emotional concerns. These concerns are particularly acute for qualitative study given that digital spaces as field sites can often blur the lines between participant-based and text-based research. When conducting qualitative digital research, ethical concerns include questions such as whether online textual analysis is or is not a form of participant observation. Methodological concerns include defining what constitutes a textual unit of analysis across online communities and on different social media platforms. Emotional concerns are twofold, first they often include the problematics of working with “difficult” data as researchers must address repeated, prolonged exposure to hate speech and violent content. Second, the trend of disseminating research findings on social media poses mental and emotional concerns given the high potential for online harassment, doxxing, and attacks from online trolls. This chapter contributes to this larger discussion through an exploration of the author’s experience negotiating digital space as her “field site” for text-based, qualitative study of far-right and male supremacist extremist digital propaganda. Ultimately, the author argues that reflexive research design is necessary to address potential problems, clarify ethical reasoning, and adapt methodological frameworks for online study
Women and forestry : operational issues
No full textWomen are major actors in forestry throughout the developing world. Women and children are the primary collectors of fuel and fodder for home consumption and for sale to urban markets. This alone gives women a major role in the management and conservation of renewable forest resources. When convinced of the utility and practicality of a forest improvement or management scheme, women can be a powerful lobby to persuade their entire houshold or community to invest the resources necessary to make the scheme work. Involving women in forestry projects often makes the difference between achieving or not achieving project objectives, particularly for the long-term sustainability of interventions.Environmental Economics&Policies,Forests and Forestry,Forestry,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Health Monitoring&Evaluation
Long-term vehicle reservations in one-way free-floating carsharing systems: A variable quality of service model
No full textReservations in daily services can improve user satisfaction, and give additional information about the demand patterns to the operators. However, providing reservations to carsharing clients is difficult. While carsharing is especially convenient if it is allowing one-way trips and vehicle drop-off anywhere in the service area (called free-floating), this flexibility increases management complexity because of vehicle stock imbalance. Most of the commercial providers of free-floating carsharing offer reservations under highly restrictive terms, for example only up to 30 min in advance. In this paper, we propose an innovative reservation enforcement technique that allows substantially longer reservation times while keeping the system profitable and achieving high service quality. A simple way to enforce reservations is locking vehicles until the departure time of a client. However, it comes at the cost of idling vehicles that could be used by other users and decreasing the revenue. Our approach, called relocations-based reservation enforcement method (R-BR) combines vehicle locking and relocation movements. It locks vehicles only a short time before the trip departure if a suitable vehicle is close enough due to the natural trip patterns. If no such vehicle is available, a car is relocated from another place. Further, we propose a variable quality of service (QoS) model in which the guaranteed radius around the user within which the reserved vehicle will be placed, and the maximum allowed reservation time before the departure depends on the zone of trip departure. A simulation-based optimization is used whereby the carsharing operation is simulated and optimized using an iterated local search (ILS) metaheuristic for adjustment of service level parameters. The proposed technique is tested on a set of artificial problem examples and a case study of a simulated working day in the Lisbon Municipality, Portugal. Results show that the proposed R-BR method is substantially better than the simple vehicle locking when the constant QoS approach is used and that the devised ILS metaheuristic can further increase the system performance, especially with high trip volumes.Accepted Author ManuscriptTransport and Plannin
The Imperative Need for Criminological Research on the European Roma: A Narrative Review
No full textExcept for the knowledge that the Roma people endure harsh conditions and are victims of discrimination, scarce criminological research has given detailed attention to further victimisation or offending among the Romanies. Identifying articles in the browsers Web of Science, Google Scholar and Google, we reviewed European publications (1997–2020) in English, French, Romanian or Spanish that addressed the Roma’s victimisation or offending. The 44 studies that matched our criteria suggested that (1) Roma people are victims of hate crimes with devastating consequences; (2) Roma children and women are victims of domestic violence to a greater degree than other groups, although the Roma tend to oppose violence against women; (3) forced early marriages exist among some Romanies and may cause serious problems in adulthood; (4) youth delinquency among the Roma does not differ from that of the non-Roma, although Roma adolescents face more deprivation; (5) Roma men and women are overrepresented in prison and face many difficulties in re-entering society once they are released and (6) there are organised criminal activities in some Roma groups that are supported by their community. Further rigorous post-positivist research, particularly quantitative, is needed to generalise the findings and replicate former studies. Areas of special interest are the causes of anti-Roma discrimination other than ethnicity, the victimisation of children, the Roma’s lack of institutional trust and the relation between victimisation and offending. Conducting comparisons with the general population is essential, and we propose that victims’ surveys and self-reported delinquency studies include questions on ethnicity
The Law of the Jungle. The Online Hate-speech against the Roma in Romania
No full textThe Roma people are the largest minority in Europe and, since centuries, have suffered discrimination and hate crimes which persist currently. This paper analyzes 4,136 comments (2016–2020) about the Roma posted on an online open-access forum. Our findings suggest that the factors influencing Romanians’ hostility against the Roma are: (1) the general distrust in the Romanian administrations, (2) the feeling of threat, and (3) the in-group favoritism. The article discusses strategies such as the improvement of the citizens’ trust in the public administration, pragmatic interventions bottom-up which aim to increase the social pacification, the redefinition of the political correctness, and the application of situational prevention techniques to prevent hate crimes
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