1,721,001 research outputs found
La dialettica tra giudice costituzionale e legislatore sulla parità di genere
Full text linkThe aim of this paper is to analyse the evolution of gender balance in the Italian Constitutional system with respect to electoral representation (Art. 51th of the Italian Constitution). Effective achieving of electoral representation has been heavily difficult for women in Italy. In 2010 the Constitutional Judge recognized the necessity of gender balance measures. However, the instruments provided by laws had not any real success and women are not effectively represented in political Assemblies
Il difficile cammino verso la parità di genere nell’accesso alle cariche elettive
Full text linkThe aim of this paper is to analyse the evolution of gender balance in the Italian
Constitutional system with respect to electoral representation. Even if Art. 51th of the Italian
Constitution provides that “Any citizen of either sex is eligible for public offices and elected
positions on equal terms, according to the conditions established by law. To this end, the Republic
shall adopt specific measures to promote equal opportunities between women and men”, effective
achieving of electoral representation has been heavily difficult for women in Italy. The Italian
Constitutional Court in 1995 (judg. no. 422) declared the use of electoral quotas in lists of
candidates unconstitutional, even if considered this measure useful to help women in accessing to
local Assemblies, because of the legal nature of quotas: the Court qualified them as affirmative
actions and stated that they were in direct contrast with Art. 3rd, 1th part of the Italian Constitution.
But, the Constitutional Judge gradually shifted from this rigid perspective. In a more recent case
law, indeed, the Court recognized the necessity of gender balance measures, even if different from
electoral quotas (Const. Court judgs. nos. 49/2003 and 4/2010). However, the instruments provided
by laws had not any real success and women are not effectively represented in political Assemblies.
Taking gender balance effectiveness seriously
Obbligo vaccinale e limiti: una recente decisione del Consiglio di Giustizia Amministrativa della Regione Siciliana
No full textThis brief paper analyses the obligation of Covid-19 vaccine provided by Italian legislation for workers of the National Health Service. In the order n. 38 of 2022, the Council of Sicilian Administrative Justice decided to verify the possibility to impose mandatory Covid-19 vaccine in relation to Art. 32nd of the Italian Constitution, which provides freedom of self-determination in health choices. Moreover, this principle has to be connected to the general principle of solidarity , enshrined in the Art. 2nd of the Italian Constitution
La parità di accesso alle cariche elettive nell’ordinamento costituzionale: dal caso della Regione Puglia alla sentenza della Corte Costituzionale n. 62 del 2022
No full textThe aim of this brief paper is to analyse the path to achieving gender balance (provided by Art. 51 of the Italian Constitution) in the Italian constitutional system. Departing from the Italian Constitutional Court judgement no. 4/2010, the case of Regione Puglia will be esamined, and, in addition, the recent Italian Constitutional Court judgement no. 62/2022 will also be analysed. With this decision, the Constitutional Court directly introduced a sanction in the event of a breach of the principle of equal opportunities, without waiting for the legislator to interven
L'ordinamento giudiziario: lineamenti introduttivi
Full text linkThe Italian Constitution states that the judiciary is an autonomous body and independent of all other branches of power. Article 101.1 of the Constitution states that judges are subject ‘only ’ to the law. In this regard, the High Council of the Judiciary has the responsibility to preserve and ensure the independence and autonomy of judges. Thus, judges are not permitted to join political parties or engage directly in the political life of Italy, as Article 98.3 of the Italian Constitution specifies, and Article 13.1, d) Law no. 269/2006 prescribes. The aim of these Articles is not “to condition judiciary functions and not to compromise the reputation of the judiciary”. Decree No. 170/2018 of the Italian Constitutional Court has confirmed the necessity for citizens to have confidence in the independence of judges and that the latter act in an unbiased manner in a democratic society
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Vecchie e nuove minoranze: definizioni e strumenti di tutela
No full textThis papers studies different issues related to minorities rights. After trying to define what should be intended as minorities in contemporary West societies and exploring if it is possible to make a difference between old and new minorities, the research focuses on the main issues that are at stake. In particular, the paper aims at discovering which are the rights involved and how such rights can be categorised, as human, cultural, individual or community rights. The research will show how new minorities are in need of having their own identities recognised and protected by our West societies. This requires the achievement of a real process of integration to be carried out through two combined factors: the implementation of international or supranational treaties or documents, and the effective efforts that have to be made by European governments and people
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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